Gene expression analysis of the liver and skeletal muscle of psyllium-treated mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Togawa ◽  
Rumiko Takahashi ◽  
Shizuka Hirai ◽  
Tatsunobu Fukushima ◽  
Yukari Egashira
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Psyllium, a dietary fibre rich in soluble components, has both cholesterol- and TAG-lowering effects. Many studies have verified these actions using liver samples, whereas little information is available on the effects of psyllium treatment on other organs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of psyllium. We investigated the gene expression profiles of both liver and skeletal muscle using DNA microarrays. C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 7 % fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 40 % fat) or a HFD with psyllium (40 % fat+5 % psyllium; HFD+Psy) for 10 weeks. Body weights and food intake were measured weekly. After 10 weeks, the mice were killed and tissues were collected. Adipose tissues were weighed, and plasma total cholesterol and TAG blood glucose levels were measured. The expression levels of genes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucose transport and fatty acid metabolism were measured by DNA microarray in the liver and skeletal muscle. In the HFD+Psy group, plasma total cholesterol, TAG and blood glucose levels significantly decreased. There was a significant reduction in the relative weight of the epididymal and retroperitoneal fat tissue depots in mice fed the HFD+Psy. The expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid transport were significantly up-regulated in the skeletal muscle of the HFD+Psy group. This result suggests that psyllium stimulates lipid transport and fatty acid oxidation in the muscle. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that psyllium can promote lipid consumption in the skeletal muscle; and this effect would create a slightly insufficient glucose state in the liver.

scholarly journals MON-613 The Expression of TBC1 Domain Family, Member 4 (TBC1D4) in Skeletal Muscles of Insulin-Resistant Mice in Response to Sulforaphane

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser M Rizk ◽  
Amina Saleh ◽  
Abdelrahman ElGamal ◽  
Dina Elsayegh ◽  
Isin Cakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract The Expression of TBC1 Domain Family, member 4 (TBC1D4) in Skeletal Muscles of Insulin-Resistant Mice in Response to Sulforaphane. Background: Obesity is commonly accompanied by impaired glucose homeostasis. Decreased glucose transport to the peripheral tissues, mainly skeletal muscle, leads to reduced total glucose disposal and hyperglycemia. TBC1D4 gene is involved in the trafficking of GLUT4 to the outer cell membrane in skeletal muscle. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been suggested as a new potential anti-diabetic compound acting by reducing blood glucose levels through mechanisms not fully understood (1). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects SFN on TBC1D4 and GLUT4 gene expression in skeletal muscles of DIO mice, in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) through which SFN improves glucose homeostasis. Methodology: C57BL/6 mice (n=20) were fed with a high fat diet (60%) for 16 weeks to generate diet induced obese (DIO) mice with body weights between 45–50 gm. Thereafter, DIO mice received either SFN (5mg/kg BW) (n=10) or vehicle (n=10) as controls daily by intraperitoneal injections for four weeks. Glucose tolerance test (1g/kg BW, IP) and insulin sensitivity test (ITT) were conducted (1 IU insulin/ g BW, IP route) at the beginning and end of the third week of the injection. At the end of 4 weeks of the injection, samples of blood and skeletal muscles of both hindlimbs were collected. The expression levels of GLUT4 and TBC1D4 genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Blood was also used for glucose, adiponectin and insulin measurements. Results: SFN-treated DIO mice had significantly lower non-fasting blood glucose levels than vehicle-treated mice (194.16 ± 14.12 vs. 147.44 ± 20.31 mg/dL, vehicle vs. SFN, p value=0.0003). Furthermore, GTT results indicate that the blood glucose levels at 120 minutes after glucose infusion in was (199.83±34.53 mg/dl vs. 138.55±221.78 mg/dl) for vehicle vs. SFN with p=0.0011 respectively. ITT showed that SFN treatment did not enhance insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. Additionally, SFN treatment did not significantly change the expression of TBC1D4, and GLUT4 genes in skeletal muscles compared to vehicle treatment (p values >0.05). Furthermore, SFN treatment did not significantly affect the systemic insulin (1.84±0.74 vs 1.54±0.55 ng/ml, p=0.436), or adiponectin (11.96 ±2.29 vs 14.4±3.33 ug/ml, p=0.551) levels in SFN vs. vehicle-treated DIO mice, respectively. Conclusion: SFN treatment improves glucose disposal in DIO mice, which is not linked to the gene expression of GLUT4 and TBC1D4 and its mechanism of glucose disposal in skeletal muscles. Furthermore, SFN treatment did not improve insulin level, and the insulin sensitizer hormone adiponectin as potential players for enhancing insulin sensitivity. 1. Axelsson AS, Tubbs E, Mecham B, Chacko S, Nenonen HA, Tang Y, et al. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(394).

Glycogen repletion following continuous and intermittent exercise to exhaustion

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Gaesser ◽  
G. A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Endogenous Substrates ◽  
Glycogen Repletion

Patterns of postexercise glycogen repletion in heart, skeletal muscle, and liver in the absence of exogenously supplied substrates during the first 4 h of recovery were assessed. Female Wistar rats were run to exhaustion using continuous (1.0 mph, 15% grade) and intermittent (alternate 1-min intervals at 0.5 and 1.5 mph, 15% grade) exercise protocols. Rats at exhaustion were characterized by marked depletion of glycogen in heart (55%), skeletal muscle (94%), and liver (97%). Blood glucose levels at exhaustion (1.33 mumol/g) were only 37% of preexercise levels. There were no significant differences between continuous and intermittent exercise groups for any of the tissue glycogen or blood glucose values. Cardiac muscle was the only tissue capable of complete restoration of glycogen levels while relying exclusively upon endogenous substrates. Concentrations of endogenous substrates present at the end of exercise were insufficient to support restoration of blood glucose levels to preexercise values nor support glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle and liver during the initial 4-h food-restricted postexercise period. With subsequent feeding, skeletal muscle demonstrated a glycogen supercompensation effect at 24 h (181.1 and 191.8% of preexercise levels for continuous and intermittent exercise, respectively). Lactate concentration in all tissues at the point exhaustion (1.5--2.5 times resting levels) were only moderately elevated and returned to preexercise levels within 15 min. It was concluded that lactate removal after exercise contributed only minimally to the repletion of muscle glycogen.

Reduced running endurance in gluconeogenesis-inhibited rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. R137-R142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. John-Alder ◽  
R. M. McAllister ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

The functional significance of gluconeogenesis in prolonging endurance during submaximal activity was assessed in untrained and endurance-trained rats. Gluconeogenesis was inhibited at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reaction by 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA). Endurance was significantly reduced by 3-MPA in untrained (-32%; P less than 0.005) and in trained rats (-26%; P less than 0.001). Metabolic correlates of fatigue were examined in trained rats. At exhaustion, 3-MPA-treated rats had only 3% of resting hepatic glycogen, 46% of resting white quadriceps glycogen, and 37% of resting blood glucose. All of these substrates were at higher levels in sham-injected controls after the same duration of running (130 min). Glycogen levels in red quadriceps, blood lactate levels, and blood glycerol levels were not different between groups. Plasma free fatty acid levels were elevated to the same extent in both groups after 90 min of activity, remained high at 130 min in controls, but had returned to resting levels in the severely hypoglycemic 3-MPA-treated rats at exhaustion. The results indicate that gluconeogenesis is important for maintaining blood glucose levels and for prolonging endurance time during submaximal activity.

scholarly journals Feedback regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through modulation of SHP/Nr0b2 gene expression by Sirt1 and FoxO1

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (2) ◽  
pp. E312-E320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wei ◽  
Rongya Tao ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Morris F. White ◽  
X. Charlie Dong
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Protein deacetylase Sirt1 has been implicated in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. To further elucidate how Sirt1 regulates gluconeogenesis, we took a loss-of-function approach by deleting the coding DNA sequence for the catalytic domain of the Sirt1 gene in the liver of a wild-type mouse (LKOSirt1) or a genetic diabetic mouse in which hepatic insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 are deleted (DKOIrs1/2). Whereas LKOSirt1 mice exhibited normal levels of fasting and fed blood glucose, inactivation of Sirt1 in DKOIrs1/2 mice (TKOIrs1/2:Sirt1) reduced blood glucose levels and moderately improved systemic glucose tolerance. Pyruvate tolerance was also significantly improved in TKOIrs1/2:Sirt1 mice, suggesting that Sirt1 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis in this diabetic mouse model. To understand why inactivation of hepatic Sirt1 does not alter blood glucose levels in the wild-type background, we searched for a potential cause and found that expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP, encoded by the Nr0b2 gene), an orphan nuclear receptor, which has been shown to suppress the activity of forkhead transcription factor FoxO1, was decreased in the liver of LKOSirt1 mice. Furthermore, our luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the Nr0b2 gene is a target of FoxO1, which is also regulated by Sirt1. After the gene is upregulated, Nr0b2 can feed back and repress FoxO1- and Sirt1-activated G6pc and Pdk4 gene expression. Thus, our results suggest that Sirt1 can both positively and negatively regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis through FoxO1 and Nr0b2 and keep this physiological process in control.

scholarly journals Lipid profile among controlled and uncontrolled type-2 diabetic patients in a rural tertiary care center: a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Manu Gangadhar ◽  
Narasimhamurthy K. Muthahanumaiah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problem and endemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in both developed and developing countries. It has strong association with dyslipidaemias in relation to glycaemic control and duration of the disease. Dyslipidaemias make diabetic patients more susceptible to coronary artery disease (CAD) which is the major cause of increased mortality and morbidity. Objectives were to estimate the blood glucose levels and lipid profiles among diabetics and to compare the lipid profiles among controlled and uncontrolled diabetic subjects.Methods: A cross sectional study was done including 100 diabetic subjects aged between 40 to 60 years of either sex. Patients were classified into 2 groups with 50 subjects in each group as per their glycemic index. Group 1 was controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c≤7.5%) and Group 2 was uncontrolled diabetic patients (HbA1c>7.5%). Venous blood samples were collected from the subjects. The serum was used for analyzing FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and lipid profiles.Results: FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were more in females than male patients but the mean values were not significant statistically except FBS and total cholesterol. All the lipid parameters were elevated among uncontrolled diabetic patients compared to controlled diabetic patients which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Present study concluded that the blood glucose levels and lipid parameters were elevated among uncontrolled diabetics compared to controlled diabetics strongly depicting the co-relation between the glycemic levels and lipid abnormalities. Patients should be educated to monitor regularly and control blood glucose and lipid levels.

Diet enriched with fresh coconut decreases blood glucose levels and body weight in normal adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopal Vijayakumar ◽  
Nagashree R. Shankar ◽  
Ramesh Mavathur ◽  
A. Mooventhan ◽  
Sood Anju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Fresh Coconut

Abstract Background There exist controversies about the health effects of coconut. Fresh coconut consumption on human health has not been studied substantially. Fresh coconut consumption is a regular part of the diet for many people in tropical countries like India, and thus there is an increasing need to understand the effects of fresh coconut on various aspects of health. Aim To compare the effects of increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) and fiber intake, provided by fresh coconut, versus monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and fiber intake, provided by a combination of groundnut oil and groundnuts, on anthropometry, serum insulin, glucose levels and blood pressure in healthy adults. Materials Eighty healthy volunteers, randomized into two groups, were provided with a standardized diet along with either 100 g fresh coconut or an equivalent amount of groundnuts and groundnut oil for a period of 90 days. Assessments such as anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood sugar and insulin levels were performed before and after the supplementation period. Results Results of this study showed a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS) in both the groups. However, a significant reduction in body weight was observed in the coconut group, while a significant increase in diastolic pressure was observed in the groundnut group. Conclusions Results of this study suggest that fresh coconut-added diet helps reduce blood glucose levels and body weight in normal healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Pengaruh jamur tiram putih (pleurotus ostreatus) terhadap kadar glukosa darah, profil lipid dan kadar MDA pada tikus (rattus norvegicus) diabetes melitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purbowati Purbowati ◽  
Andrew Johan ◽  
RA Kisdjamiatun RMD
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background : Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by acquired deficiency in insulin production by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of using the produced insulin. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) can help lower blood glucose levels, improve lipid profile and reduce levels of MDA.Objective : to analyze the effect of oyster mushroom on blood glucose levels, lipid profile and MDA levels in STZ induced rats as type 1 DM model. Methods : thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: one positive group (1) and two treated group which received 100 mg/kgBB (2) and 200 mg/kgBB (3) oyster mushroom extract, respectively. The interventions were carried out for 30 days. The examination of blood glucose levels, lipid profile and MDA levels was before and after the intervention. The differences inthe datapre-post interventions were analyzed by paired t-test, whereas the differences between the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and kruskal wallis followed by post hoc analysis. Results : the treatment group experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, MDA and an increase in HDL cholesterol levels post-intervention (p < 0,001). Oyster mushroom extract with the dose of 200 mg/kg was more effective in lowering blood glucose levels, MDA levels and improving lipid profiles (p < 0,001).Conclusion : Oyster mushrooms administration lowers blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, MDA and increases HDL cholesterol levels. 

scholarly journals Estrogen-Related Receptor α Directs Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Signaling in the Transcriptional Control of Energy Metabolism in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 9079-9091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Huss ◽  
Inés Pineda Torra ◽  
Bart Staels ◽  
Vincent Giguère ◽  
Daniel P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Oxidation Rates

ABSTRACT Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are orphan nuclear receptors activated by the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a critical regulator of cellular energy metabolism. However, metabolic target genes downstream of ERRα have not been well defined. To identify ERRα-regulated pathways in tissues with high energy demand such as the heart, gene expression profiling was performed with primary neonatal cardiac myocytes overexpressing ERRα. ERRα upregulated a subset of PGC-1α target genes involved in multiple energy production pathways, including cellular fatty acid transport, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. These results were validated by independent analyses in cardiac myocytes, C2C12 myotubes, and cardiac and skeletal muscle of ERRα−/− mice. Consistent with the gene expression results, ERRα increased myocyte lipid accumulation and fatty acid oxidation rates. Many of the genes regulated by ERRα are known targets for the nuclear receptor PPARα, and therefore, the interaction between these regulatory pathways was explored. ERRα activated PPARα gene expression via direct binding of ERRα to the PPARα gene promoter. Furthermore, in fibroblasts null for PPARα and ERRα, the ability of ERRα to activate several PPARα targets and to increase cellular fatty acid oxidation rates was abolished. PGC-1α was also shown to activate ERRα gene expression. We conclude that ERRα serves as a critical nodal point in the regulatory circuitry downstream of PGC-1α to direct the transcription of genes involved in mitochondrial energy-producing pathways in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

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