scholarly journals Effects of recommendations to follow the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet v. usual dietary advice on childhood metabolic syndrome: a randomised cross-over clinical trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 2250-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Mahin Hashemipour ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Somayeh Rajaei ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Dash Diet

The effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance remain to be determined. The present study aimed to assess the effects of recommendations to follow the DASH diet v. usual dietary advice (UDA) on the MetS and its features in adolescents. In this randomised cross-over clinical trial, sixty post-pubescent adolescent girls with the MetS were randomly assigned to receive either the recommendations to follow the DASH diet or UDA for 6 weeks. After a 4-week washout period, the participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. The DASH group was recommended to consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, total fats and cholesterol. UDA consisted of general oral advice and written information about healthy food choices based on healthy MyPlate. Compliance was assessed through the quantification of plasma vitamin C levels. In both the groups, fasting venous blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of each phase of the intervention. The mean age and weight of the participants were 14·2 (sd 1·7) years and 69 (sd 14·5) kg, respectively. Their mean BMI and waist circumference were 27·3 kg/m2 and 85·6 cm, respectively. Serum vitamin C levels tended to be higher in the DASH phase than in the UDA phase (860 (se 104) v. 663 (se 76) ng/l, respectively, P= 0·06). Changes in weight, waist circumference and BMI were not significantly different between the two intervention phases. Although changes in systolic blood pressure were not statistically significant between the two groups (P= 0·13), recommendations to follow the DASH diet prevented the increase in diastolic blood pressure compared with UDA (P= 0·01). We found a significant within-group decrease in serum insulin levels (101·4 (se 6·2) v. 90·0 (se 5·5) pmol/l, respectively, P= 0·04) and a non-significant reduction in the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance score (P= 0·12) in the DASH group. Compared with the UDA group, the DASH group experienced a significant reduction in the prevalence of the MetS and high blood pressure. Recommendations to follow the DASH eating pattern for 6 weeks among adolescent girls with the MetS led to reduced prevalence of high blood pressure and the MetS and improved diet quality compared with UDA. This type of healthy diet can be considered as a treatment modality for the MetS and its components in children.

scholarly journals The effects of metformin plus sulfonylurea therapy on clinical features of the metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Koprivica ◽  
Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic ◽  
Tatjana Ille
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Combined Therapy

Introduction. Insulin resistance is a well-known leading factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic effects of metformin added to sulfonylurea in unsuccessfully treated type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. A group of thirty subjects, with type 2 diabetes, secondary sulfonylurea failure and metabolic syndrome were administered the combined therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin for six months. Metformin 2000 mg/d was added to previously used sulfonylurea agent in maximum daily dose. Antihypertensive and hypolipemic therapy was not changed. The following parameters were assessed at the beginning and after six months of therapy: glycemic control, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions, homeostatic models for evaluation of insulin resistance and secretion (HOMA R, HOMA B) and C- peptide. Results. Glycemic control was significantly improved after six months of the combined therapy: (fasting 7.89 vs. 10.61 mmol/l. p<0.01; postprandial 11.12 vs. 12.61 mmol/l. p<0.01, p<0.01; glycosylated hemoglobin 6.81 vs. 8.83%. p<0.01). the body mass index and waist circumference were significantly lower (26.7 vs. 27.8 kg/m2, p<0.01 and 99.7 vs. 101.4 cm for men, p<0.01; 87.2 vs. 88.5 for women, p<0.01). Fasting plasma triglycerides decreased from 3.37 to 2.45 mmol/l (p<0.001) and HOMA R from 7.04 to 5.23 (p<0.001). No treatment effects were observed on blood pressure, cholesterol, and residual insulin secretion. Conclusion. Administration of metformin in type 2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome decreased cardiovascular risk factors by reducing glycemia, triglycerides, BMI, central obesity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic, Dietary, and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescent Girls in Jutiapa, Guatemala

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110196
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Parra ◽  
Halimatou S. Alaofe ◽  
John E. Ehiri ◽  
Velia Leybas Nuño ◽  
Manolo Mazariegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Watching Tv

Background: As the incidence of overweight continues to increase among children and adolescents in Guatemala, underweight remains a prominent health problem. However, the prevalence of overweight or underweight and associated risk factors has not been investigated among adolescent girls. Objective: To determine the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity and associated sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle factors among adolescent girls in Jutiapa, Guatemala. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a subsample of 392 girls aged 12 to 17 years from an agriculture-nutrition trial was conducted. Anthropometric data were obtained using standard methods. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted using underweight (body mass index [BMI] for age <5th percentile) and overweight/obesity (BMI for age ≥85th percentile) as outcome variables. Results: The prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity was 9.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Age (15-17 years), high waist circumference, high blood pressure, father being a farmer, large family (>5 persons), hours spent watching TV, and high red meat consumption were significantly associated with underweight. Whereas being in school, high waist circumference, high blood pressure, overweight/obese mother, unemployed father, watching TV for more than 2 hours, having soft drinks at home, and meeting fruit recommendations were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of concurrently addressing underweight and overweight/obesity among adolescent girls in rural Guatemala. Studies in various parts of the country are needed to confirm the results of the present study and for appropriate strategies to be implemented to reduce both underweight and overweight.

scholarly journals Diet or Additional Supplement to Increase Potassium Intake: Protocol For An Adaptive Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Hiremath ◽  
Dean Fergusson ◽  
Greg Knoll ◽  
Tim Ramsay ◽  
Jennifer Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Western World ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Potassium Supplement ◽  
Participant Satisfaction ◽  
Potassium Intake

Abstract Background High blood pressure is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. The prevalence of high blood pressure is steadily rising, with the growing and ageing population. Many medicines are available to decrease blood pressures successfully, as well as many non-medical options, such as dietary changes and exercise. There is a marked preference amongst patients, reiterated in a Hypertension Canada report, for more research into methods for controlling blood pressure without medicines or to reduce the burden of taking many pills to control high blood pressure. Indeed, effective options do exist, especially with diet, specifically decreasing sodium and increasing potassium in diet. Current public health outreach mostly focusses on sodium intake, even as the potassium intake in diet remains low especially in the Western world. Excellent data exist in the published research reporting that increasing potassium intake, either as diet or even as supplements, reduces blood pressure and reduces risk of cardiovascular outcomes such as stroke. However, the advice most often provided is to ‘eat more fruits and vegetables’ which does not get translated into concrete change. Methods We propose to do a clinical trial in two stages, with an adaptive trial design. In the first stage, participants with high blood pressure and proven low potassium intake (measured on the basis of a 24 hour urine collection) will get individually tailored dietary advice, reinforced by weekly supportive phone/email support. If at 4 weeks, there has not been a desired increase in potassium intake, they will be prescribed an additional potassium supplement. Testing will be conducted again at 4 weeks post initiating the potassium supplement, to confirm the efficacy of the potassium supplement. Final measurements will be planned at 52 weeks to observe and measure the persistence of the effect of diet or additional supplement. Concurrent measurements of sodium intake, blood pressure, participant satisfaction, and safety measures will also be done. Discussion The results of the study would help determine the most effective method of increasing potassium intake, thus reducing blood pressure, need for blood pressure lowering medicines, at the same time potentially increasing participant satisfaction. The current guidelines recommend changes in diet, not supplement, to increase potassium intake, hence the two stage design will only add supplements if the most rigorous dietary advice does not work. Trial registration: This study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03809884, registered on January 18, 2019. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03809884

scholarly journals Incidence of and factors associated with metabolic syndrome, south-east Islamic Republic of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijeh K. Farmanfarma ◽  
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam ◽  
Mahmoud A. Kaykhaei ◽  
Mehdi Mohammadi ◽  
Hosein A. Adineh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran

Background: Metabolic syndrome is an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Mortality from cardiovascular disease is 12.82 deaths/100 000 population in Zahedan, south-east Islamic Republic of Iran. Aims: This study aimed to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its predicting factors in Zahedan city. Methods: All participants without metabolic syndrome in a 2009 study in Zahedan, available in 2017, were included in this study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the criteria of several organizations. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured and blood tests were done. Age-standardized incidence of metabolic syndrome was calculated and its predictors were evaluated in a logistic regression analysis. Results: Mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was 45.46 (12.63) years in 2017. The incidence of metabolic syndrome varied from 17.21% to 27.18% depending on the criteria used and it was higher in women. High age-standardized incidence was associated with large waist circumference (55.81%) and high blood pressure (25.32%). The highest adjusted odds ratios (OR) for metabolic syndrome were for high triglycerides (OR = 23.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.92–56.84%), large waist circumference (OR = 22.42; 95% CI: 9.03–55.70%), high blood pressure (OR = 16.91; 95% CI: 8.54–33.50%) and high fasting blood sugar (OR = 13.22; 95% CI: 6.74–25.94%). Waterpipe smoking, sex, low-density lipoprotein and wrist circumference were also associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: The incidence of metabolic syndrome has increased in Zahedan. Effective, interventions, including to promote healthy diet, physical activity and avoidance of waterpipe smoking, are needed to control this condition.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome In Ayurveda & Its Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Waghe ◽  
Kavita Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Waist Size ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome, refers to a group of conditions common in people with insulin resistance, including higher than normal blood glucose levels, increased waist size due to excess abdominal fat (Obesity), high blood pressure and abnormal levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.  People with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of developing type 2diabetes and CVD. More than 10 million cases of metabolic syndrome occurs per year in India. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and about 40% of people above 60 years are affected with metabolic syndrome.  Diabetes occurs as chronic sequel of metabolic syndrome.  In the whole world, nearly about 24% of the population is suffering from diabetes. As per WHO, its percentage may go as high as 40-45% in 2020. So, there is intense need to know the graveness of the disease and to understand the possible ways of prevention.

The DASH diet for high blood pressure: from clinical trial to dinner table.

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Karanja ◽  
T P Erlinger ◽  
L. Pao-Hwa ◽  
E. R Miller ◽  
G. A Bray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Dinner Table
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