Higher breakfast glycaemic load is associated with increased metabolic syndrome risk, including lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations and increased TAG concentrations, in adolescent girls

Almost all previous studies examining the associations between glycaemic load (GL) and metabolic syndrome risk have used a daily GL value. The daily value does not distinguish between peaks of GL intake over the day, which may be more closely associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between daily and mealtime measures of GL and metabolic syndrome risk, including metabolic syndrome components, in adolescents. Adolescents participating in the 14-year follow-up of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study completed 3 d food records and metabolic assessments. Breakfast GL, lunch GL, dinner GL and a score representing meal GL peaks over the day were determined in 516 adolescents. Logistic regression models were used to investigate whether GL variables were independent predictors of the metabolic syndrome in this population-based cohort (3·5 % prevalence of the metabolic syndrome). Breakfast GL was found to be predictive of the metabolic syndrome in girls (OR 1·15, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·27; P <0·01), but not in boys. Other meal GL values and daily GL were found to be not significant predictors of the metabolic syndrome. When breakfast GL was examined in relation to each of the components of the metabolic syndrome in girls, it was found to be negatively associated with fasting HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P= 0·037; β = − 0·004; 95 % CI − 0·008, − 0·002) and positively associated with fasting TAG concentrations (P= 0·008; exp(β) = 1·002; 95 % CI 1·001, 1·004). The results of the present study suggest that there may be an association between breakfast composition and metabolic syndrome components in adolescent girls. These findings support further investigation into including lower-GL foods as part of a healthy breakfast in adolescence, particularly for girls.

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Associations between urinary hydration markers and metabolic dysfunction: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data, 2008–2010

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02575-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiphaine Vanhaecke ◽

Alberto Dolci ◽

Victor L. Fulgoni ◽

Harris R. Lieberman

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Population Based ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Metabolic Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Trial Registry ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Purpose Growing evidence suggests hydration plays a role in metabolic dysfunction, however data in humans are scarce. This study examined the cross-sectional association between hydration and metabolic dysfunction in a representative sample of the US population. Methods Data from 3961 adult NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) participants (49.8% female; age 46.3 ± 0.5 years) were grouped by quartile of urine specific gravity (USG, 2007–2008 cohort) or urine osmolality (UOsm, 2009–2010 cohort) as measures of hydration. Metabolic dysfunction was assessed by glycemic and insulinemic endpoints and by components of the metabolic syndrome. Multivariate-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used. Results Increasing quartiles of USG but not UOsm was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (all P < 0.01), HOMA-IR and elevated insulin (all P < 0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile, those with the highest USG but not UOsm had greater risk of metabolic syndrome (Q4 vs. Q1, OR (99% CI): 1.6 (1.0, 2.7), P = 0.01) and diabetes (Q4 vs. Q1, OR: 1.8 (1.0, 3.4), P < 0.05). Additionally, those with USG > 1.013 or UOsm > 500 mOsm/kg, common cut-off values for optimal hydration based on retrospective analyses of existing data, had less favorable metabolic markers. In a subset of participants free from diabetes mellitus, impaired kidney function, hypertension and diuretic medication, USG remained positively associated with FPG (P < 0.01) and elevated FPG (P < 0.05). Conclusion These analyses provide population-based evidence that USG as a proxy for hydration is associated with glucose homeostasis in NHANES 2007–2008. The same association was not significant when UOsm was used as a proxy for hydration in the 2009–2010 wave. Clinical trial registry Not applicable, as this was a reanalysis of existing NHANES data.

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The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increases through the quartiles of thyroid stimulating hormone in a population-based sample of euthyroid subjects

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/0004-2730000003538 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (9) ◽

pp. 926-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexander Shinkov ◽

Anna-Maria Borissova ◽

Roussanka Kovatcheva ◽

Iliana Atanassova ◽

Jordan Vlahov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Hdl ◽

C 32 ◽

Serum Tsh

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its elements in relation to TSH in euthyroid subjects. Materials and methods In the cross-sectional study, 2,153 euthyroid adults, 47.2 ± 14.5 years (20-94) with no current antithyroid or thyroid replacement therapy were enrolled. All participants filled a questionnaire on past and current morbidities, medication and smoking. Body weight, height, waist circumference, serum TSH, glucose and lipids were measured. The subjects were stratified by quartiles of TSH (QTSH) and the prevalence of the MetS elements was calculated. MetS was determined by the IDF 2005 criteria. Results Overweight prevalence was 37.2% (35.2-39.2), obesity in 25.1% (23.3-26.9), abdominal obesity – 61.4% (59.3-63.5), hypertension – 42.1% (38.9-43.1), diabetes/increased fasting glucose – 13.6% (12.1-15), low HDL-cholesterol – 27.6% (25.7-29.5), hypertriglyceridemia – 24.1% (22.3-25.9), MetS – 32.2% (30.2-34.2). MetS was more prevalent in the highest QTSH (34.9%, 30.9-38.9) than the lowest (27%, 23.3-30.9), p < 0.001, as were low HDL-C (32%, 28-35.9 vs. 25%, 21.3-28.7, p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (26.8%, 23-30.5 vs. 20.4%, 17-23.8, p = 0.015). Each QTSH increased the risk of MetS by 14%, p < 0.001, of hypertriglyceridemia by 20%, p = 0.001 and of low LDL-C by 9%, p = 0.042. Other significant factors for MetS were age, male gender and obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of MetS increased with higher QTSH within the euthyroid range, mostly by an increase in the dyslipidemia. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):926-32

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Poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in adulthood

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013003509 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 122-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Maria Wennberg ◽

Per E Gustafsson ◽

Patrik Wennberg ◽

Anne Hammarström

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Population Based ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Fasting Glucose ◽

The Relationship ◽

Metabolic Syndrome Components

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse whether poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome and its components in adulthood. Previous studies suggest that regular breakfast consumption improves metabolic parameters.DesignProspective. Breakfast habits and other lifestyle variables at age 16 years were assessed from questionnaires. Poor breakfast habits were defined as skipping breakfast or only drinking or eating something sweet. At age 43 years, the effective sample consisted of 889 participants defined as having the metabolic syndrome or not, using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals.SettingThe Northern Swedish Cohort, a longitudinal population-based cohort with 27-year follow-up.SubjectsAdolescents (age 16 years).ResultsPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 27·0 %. Of the participants, 9·9 % were classified with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years. Adjusted odds for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was OR = 1·68 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·78) for those with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years compared with breakfast eaters. Looking at the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits at age 16 years were associated with central obesity (OR = 1·71; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·92) and high fasting glucose (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·02) at age 43 years, even after multivariate adjustments.ConclusionsPoor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Of the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted central obesity and high fasting glucose in adulthood. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between early breakfast habits and adult metabolic syndrome.

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Association between unhealthy plant-based diets and the metabolic syndrome in adult men and women: a population-based study in South Korea

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520002895 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyunju Kim ◽

Kyueun Lee ◽

Casey M. Rebholz ◽

Jihye Kim

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Plant Foods ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Korean Adults ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Abstract No studies have investigated the associations between established plant-based diet indices and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We evaluated the associations between an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), unhealthy PDI (uPDI) and the MetS in a nationally representative sample using data from 14 450 Korean adults (≥19 years) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012–2016. Dietary intakes were assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ. In the PDI, all plant foods received positive scores. In the hPDI, only healthy plant foods received positive scores. In the uPDI, only unhealthy plant foods received positive scores. All indices reverse scored animal food intake. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between three PDI and the MetS by sex, adjusting for potential risk factors. A total of 23·3 % of Korean adults had the MetS. In the overall study population, individuals in the highest quintile of uPDI had greater odds (OR 1·54, 95 % CI 1·28, 1·86, Ptrend < 0·001) of the MetS than those in the lowest quintile. Higher uPDI score was associated with higher odds of hypertriacylglycerolaemia in men and abdominal obesity, high fasting glucose and hypertriacylglycerolaemia in women. No significant associations were observed between PDI, hPDI and the MetS. Greater adherence to unhealthy plant-based diets was associated with greater odds of the MetS and its components suggesting the importance of the quality of plant-based diet in South Korean adults. Sex differences may be considered when recommending plant-based diets for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases.

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Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among Tunisian adults: results of the Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012003291 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 582-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Hanen Belfki ◽

Samir Ben Ali ◽

Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri ◽

Pierre Traissac ◽

Souha Bougatef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

North Africa ◽

Health Impact ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and to evaluate the relationship between this diagnosis and cardiovascular risk factors, demographic and socio-economic variables.DesignA cross-sectional study using a questionnaire including information on sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose and lipid profile were measured. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III.SettingThe whole Tunisian territory; Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project.SubjectsA total of 4654 individuals (1840 men and 2814 women), aged 35 to 74 years, who participated in the Tunisian national survey.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS was 30·0 %, higher in women (36·1 %) than in men (20·6 %; P < 0·001). In both genders MetS prevalence increased significantly with age (P < 0·001), but this increase was more important in women. Multiple regression analyses showed that the odds for MetS increased significantly with urban area for both men and women (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively). The multivariate models showed also that the odds for MetS increased significantly with increasing level of education and in those with a family history of CVD for men (both P < 0·05) and after the menopausal transition for women (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe study highlights the MetS problem in a middle-income developing country. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive, integrated, population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of MetS in Tunisians.

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Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Central and South American Immigrant Residents of the Washington, DC, Area

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2017/9531964 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Regina M. Gill ◽

Saira A. Khan ◽

Robert T. Jackson ◽

Marguerite Duane

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Income ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Washington Dc ◽

South American ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its risk components and then compare differences in the risk components among low-income, uninsured Central and South American recent immigrants to the USA. This cross-sectional survey sampled 1,042 adult patients from a medical clinic in metropolitan Washington, DC. The overall prevalence of the MetS was 26.9% estimated using the modified harmonized definition. The most common abnormal metabolic indicator for women was an elevated BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2(36.1%), while, for men, it was an elevated triglyceride level (46.5%). The risk of abnormal MetS indicators increased steadily with increasing BMI. The abnormal indicator combination identifying the most subjects with the MetS included the following: high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and obesity. MetS rates were highest among subjects from El Salvador and Honduras, 31.3% and 28.0%, respectively, and lowest among subjects from Bolivia (21.7%). Dyslipidemia and high BMI increased the likelihood of having the MetS, which is consistent with studies on Mexican Americans in the San Antonio Heart Study and studies within Central and South American countries. This study adds new baseline epidemiological data for largely understudied, low-income, and mostly recent immigrant groups.

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Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10163630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 3630

Author(s):

Gabriela P. Arrifano ◽

Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite ◽

Barbarella M. Macchi ◽

Núbia F. S. S. Campos ◽

Marcus Augusto-Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Low Income ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Hdl

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) epidemic is a global challenge. Although developing countries (including Brazil, India, and South Africa) present a higher proportion of deaths by cardiovascular diseases than developed countries, most of our knowledge is from these developed countries. Amazonian riverine populations (ARP), as well as other vulnerable populations of the Southern Hemisphere, share low-income and traditional practices, among other features. This large cross-sectional study of ARP (n = 818) shows high prevalence of hypertension (51%) and obesity (23%). MetS was diagnosed in 38% of participants (especially in women and 60–69 years-old individuals) without the influence of ancestry. Only 7–8% of adults had no cardio-metabolic abnormalities related to MetS. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (low HDL-cholesterol) was generally observed, including in individuals without MetS. Still, slight differences were detected between settings with a clear predominance of hypertension in Tucuruí. Hypotheses on possible genetic influence and factors (nutrition transition and environmental pollutants -mercury) are proposed for future studies. Moreover, a roadmap to MetS progression based on the most prevalent components is provided for the development of tailored interventions in the Amazon (initially, individuals would present low HDL-cholesterol levels, later progressing to increased blood pressure characterizing hypertension, and ultimately reaching MetS with obesity). Our alarming results support the need to improve our knowledge on these vulnerable populations.

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The relation between dietary phytochemical index and metabolic syndrome and its components in a large sample of Iranian adults: a population-based study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11590-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azam Ahmadi Vasmehjani ◽

Zahra Darabi ◽

Azadeh Nadjarzadeh ◽

Masoud Mirzaei ◽

Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Food Sources ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Second Category

Abstract Background Despite the protective effects of foods being rich in phytochemicals against chronic diseases, this issue is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods This cross-sectional study focused on adults aged between 20 and 70years. The dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. DPI was calculated based on dietary energy, derived from phytochemical-rich food sources (kcal) per total daily energy intake (kcal). The odds ratio of MetS and its components were assessed across DPI quartiles by logistic regression models. Results After adjustment for all potential confounders, the risk of MetS (OR: 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.96) and elevated blood pressure (OR: 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.96) in the second category of DPI decreased significantly as compared to that in the first category. Subjects in the second and fourth quartiles of DPI with adjusting for age, sex and total energy intake revealed 30 and 25% lower risk of abdominal obesity, respectively. After full adjustment for confounders, the analysis stratified by sex showed women in the highest quartile of DPI had 59% lower risk of MetS (OR: 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22–0.76) as compared to those in the lowest quartile of DPI. Conclusions Greater adherence to phytochemical-rich diet could reduce odds of MetS and some components, especially in women. Further studies with intervention approaches are recommended.

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High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Demographic Factors in North of Iran: Results from the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/8862456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Naghipour ◽

Farahnaz Joukar ◽

Hossein-Ali Nikbakht ◽

Soheil Hassanipour ◽

Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Prevalence

Introduction. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in recent decades around the world and is currently reaching epidemic levels as it is a major public health and clinical concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related demographic factors in a population-based study. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, the target population consisted of 10520 individuals aged 35–70 years in Phase 1 of the Persian Guilan cohort study (Guilan site/Some’e Sara) that was conducted in 2014–2017. Demographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical data were used in this study. The IDF definitions were used to diagnose the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of the syndrome according to IDF and ATP definition was 42.87% (95% CI: 41.92–41.81) and 40.68% (95% CI: 39.74–41.62), respectively. The prevalence of components for central obesity, high triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and hypertension components was 75.8%, 43.1%, 40.6%, 39.2% and 37.9%, respectively. All demographic variables were related to the syndrome, and among them age, gender, and residence were identified as independent and strong predictive variables in the regression model. More than 92% of the population had at least one component of the syndrome. Conclusion. The results of the study show a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors. It is essential to educate healthy lifestyle behaviors and further health education in the high-risk groups identified in this study, especially the elderly, women, and rural residents.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 25—45-year-old Novosibirsk dwellers

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.17116/terarkh2016881051-56 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (10) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M I Voevoda ◽

N A Kovalkova ◽

Yu I Ragino ◽

N Yu Travnikova ◽

D V Denisova

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Research Society ◽

Population Based ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Detection Evaluation ◽

Population Based Survey

Aim. To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in a 25—45-year-old Novosibirsk population. Subjects and methods. The Novosibirsk Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey in one of the typical districts of Novosibirsk in 2013—2015. The survey covered 346 men and 408 women. The criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP-ATP III, 2001), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2005), the Joint Interim Statement (JIS, 2009), and the All-Russian Research Society of Cardiologists (ARRSC, 2009) were used to detect MS. According to the ARRSC criteria, MS was recorded if a waist circumference (WC) was >80 cm for women and >94 cm for men in conjunction with 2 of the following criteria: a blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, triglycerides (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

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