Associations between urinary hydration markers and metabolic dysfunction: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data, 2008–2010

Abstract Purpose Growing evidence suggests hydration plays a role in metabolic dysfunction, however data in humans are scarce. This study examined the cross-sectional association between hydration and metabolic dysfunction in a representative sample of the US population. Methods Data from 3961 adult NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) participants (49.8% female; age 46.3 ± 0.5 years) were grouped by quartile of urine specific gravity (USG, 2007–2008 cohort) or urine osmolality (UOsm, 2009–2010 cohort) as measures of hydration. Metabolic dysfunction was assessed by glycemic and insulinemic endpoints and by components of the metabolic syndrome. Multivariate-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used. Results Increasing quartiles of USG but not UOsm was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (all P < 0.01), HOMA-IR and elevated insulin (all P < 0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile, those with the highest USG but not UOsm had greater risk of metabolic syndrome (Q4 vs. Q1, OR (99% CI): 1.6 (1.0, 2.7), P = 0.01) and diabetes (Q4 vs. Q1, OR: 1.8 (1.0, 3.4), P < 0.05). Additionally, those with USG > 1.013 or UOsm > 500 mOsm/kg, common cut-off values for optimal hydration based on retrospective analyses of existing data, had less favorable metabolic markers. In a subset of participants free from diabetes mellitus, impaired kidney function, hypertension and diuretic medication, USG remained positively associated with FPG (P < 0.01) and elevated FPG (P < 0.05). Conclusion These analyses provide population-based evidence that USG as a proxy for hydration is associated with glucose homeostasis in NHANES 2007–2008. The same association was not significant when UOsm was used as a proxy for hydration in the 2009–2010 wave. Clinical trial registry Not applicable, as this was a reanalysis of existing NHANES data.

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Higher breakfast glycaemic load is associated with increased metabolic syndrome risk, including lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations and increased TAG concentrations, in adolescent girls

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514003092 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (12) ◽

pp. 1974-1983 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Analise Nicholl ◽

Mary du Heaume ◽

Trevor A. Mori ◽

Lawrence J. Beilin ◽

Wendy H. Oddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Glycaemic Load ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Almost All ◽

Metabolic Syndrome Components

Almost all previous studies examining the associations between glycaemic load (GL) and metabolic syndrome risk have used a daily GL value. The daily value does not distinguish between peaks of GL intake over the day, which may be more closely associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between daily and mealtime measures of GL and metabolic syndrome risk, including metabolic syndrome components, in adolescents. Adolescents participating in the 14-year follow-up of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study completed 3 d food records and metabolic assessments. Breakfast GL, lunch GL, dinner GL and a score representing meal GL peaks over the day were determined in 516 adolescents. Logistic regression models were used to investigate whether GL variables were independent predictors of the metabolic syndrome in this population-based cohort (3·5 % prevalence of the metabolic syndrome). Breakfast GL was found to be predictive of the metabolic syndrome in girls (OR 1·15, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·27; P <0·01), but not in boys. Other meal GL values and daily GL were found to be not significant predictors of the metabolic syndrome. When breakfast GL was examined in relation to each of the components of the metabolic syndrome in girls, it was found to be negatively associated with fasting HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P= 0·037; β = − 0·004; 95 % CI − 0·008, − 0·002) and positively associated with fasting TAG concentrations (P= 0·008; exp(β) = 1·002; 95 % CI 1·001, 1·004). The results of the present study suggest that there may be an association between breakfast composition and metabolic syndrome components in adolescent girls. These findings support further investigation into including lower-GL foods as part of a healthy breakfast in adolescence, particularly for girls.

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Association between unhealthy plant-based diets and the metabolic syndrome in adult men and women: a population-based study in South Korea

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520002895 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyunju Kim ◽

Kyueun Lee ◽

Casey M. Rebholz ◽

Jihye Kim

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Plant Foods ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Korean Adults ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Abstract No studies have investigated the associations between established plant-based diet indices and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We evaluated the associations between an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), unhealthy PDI (uPDI) and the MetS in a nationally representative sample using data from 14 450 Korean adults (≥19 years) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012–2016. Dietary intakes were assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ. In the PDI, all plant foods received positive scores. In the hPDI, only healthy plant foods received positive scores. In the uPDI, only unhealthy plant foods received positive scores. All indices reverse scored animal food intake. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between three PDI and the MetS by sex, adjusting for potential risk factors. A total of 23·3 % of Korean adults had the MetS. In the overall study population, individuals in the highest quintile of uPDI had greater odds (OR 1·54, 95 % CI 1·28, 1·86, Ptrend < 0·001) of the MetS than those in the lowest quintile. Higher uPDI score was associated with higher odds of hypertriacylglycerolaemia in men and abdominal obesity, high fasting glucose and hypertriacylglycerolaemia in women. No significant associations were observed between PDI, hPDI and the MetS. Greater adherence to unhealthy plant-based diets was associated with greater odds of the MetS and its components suggesting the importance of the quality of plant-based diet in South Korean adults. Sex differences may be considered when recommending plant-based diets for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases.

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Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among Tunisian adults: results of the Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012003291 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 582-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Hanen Belfki ◽

Samir Ben Ali ◽

Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri ◽

Pierre Traissac ◽

Souha Bougatef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

North Africa ◽

Health Impact ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and to evaluate the relationship between this diagnosis and cardiovascular risk factors, demographic and socio-economic variables.DesignA cross-sectional study using a questionnaire including information on sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose and lipid profile were measured. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III.SettingThe whole Tunisian territory; Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project.SubjectsA total of 4654 individuals (1840 men and 2814 women), aged 35 to 74 years, who participated in the Tunisian national survey.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS was 30·0 %, higher in women (36·1 %) than in men (20·6 %; P < 0·001). In both genders MetS prevalence increased significantly with age (P < 0·001), but this increase was more important in women. Multiple regression analyses showed that the odds for MetS increased significantly with urban area for both men and women (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively). The multivariate models showed also that the odds for MetS increased significantly with increasing level of education and in those with a family history of CVD for men (both P < 0·05) and after the menopausal transition for women (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe study highlights the MetS problem in a middle-income developing country. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive, integrated, population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of MetS in Tunisians.

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The relation between dietary phytochemical index and metabolic syndrome and its components in a large sample of Iranian adults: a population-based study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11590-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azam Ahmadi Vasmehjani ◽

Zahra Darabi ◽

Azadeh Nadjarzadeh ◽

Masoud Mirzaei ◽

Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Food Sources ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Second Category

Abstract Background Despite the protective effects of foods being rich in phytochemicals against chronic diseases, this issue is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods This cross-sectional study focused on adults aged between 20 and 70years. The dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. DPI was calculated based on dietary energy, derived from phytochemical-rich food sources (kcal) per total daily energy intake (kcal). The odds ratio of MetS and its components were assessed across DPI quartiles by logistic regression models. Results After adjustment for all potential confounders, the risk of MetS (OR: 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.96) and elevated blood pressure (OR: 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.96) in the second category of DPI decreased significantly as compared to that in the first category. Subjects in the second and fourth quartiles of DPI with adjusting for age, sex and total energy intake revealed 30 and 25% lower risk of abdominal obesity, respectively. After full adjustment for confounders, the analysis stratified by sex showed women in the highest quartile of DPI had 59% lower risk of MetS (OR: 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22–0.76) as compared to those in the lowest quartile of DPI. Conclusions Greater adherence to phytochemical-rich diet could reduce odds of MetS and some components, especially in women. Further studies with intervention approaches are recommended.

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Association between the HTR2C rs1414334 C/G gene polymorphism and the development of the metabolic syndrome in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2163 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e2163 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José María Rico-Gomis ◽

Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽

Irene Triano-García ◽

Luis Fabián Mahecha-García ◽

Ana García-Monsalve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Atypical Antipsychotics ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Few studies have assessed the association between the rs1414334 C/G polymorphism in the HTR2C gene and the development of the metabolic syndrome in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. To provide further evidence, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain between 2012 and 2013 in 166 patients with these characteristics. In these patients, the association between the polymorphism and the presence of the metabolic syndrome was determined by implementing binary logistic regression models adjusted for variables associated with the metabolic syndrome. We did not confirm previous claims that the C allele of the polymorphism was linked to the metabolic syndrome: the association was in the opposite direction and non-significant. This conclusion held after taking gender and lifestyle variables into account.

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Relationship between parental overweight and obesity and childhood metabolic syndrome in their offspring: result from a cross-sectional analysis of parent–offspring trios in China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e036332

Author(s):

Zhaogeng Yang ◽

Yanhui Li ◽

Bin Dong ◽

Di Gao ◽

Bo Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Metabolic Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Maternal Overweight

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MS) and its components are observed to emerge in childhood and may continue into adulthood. The study aimed to investigate the association between parental overweight and risk of childhood MS and its components in their offspring.MethodsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Chinese children and adolescents; a total of 11 784 children aged 7–18 years were included in this study; child outcomes were obtained from objective measurements and parental data were obtained from questionnaires; MS was defined according to the modified criteria of Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ; correlation between parental overweight and offspring MS was assessed via multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential covariates.Results3476 (29.5%) children were found to have overweight fathers, 1041 (8.8%) had overweight mothers and 852 (7.2%) had both overweight parents. The prevalence of MS was 7.1% in total, 8.2% in boys and 5.9% in girls; children with overweight parents had a higher prevalence of MS and its components (except for elevated glucose) compared with children with normal-weight parents. Children with overweight fathers, mothers and both parents had 2.17 times (95% CI: 1.65–2.85), 2.89 times (95% CI: 2.03–4.11) and 2.81 times (95% CI: 1.91–4.15) higher risk of MS, respectively. Children with overweight mothers were likely to have a higher risk of MS compared with children with overweight fathers. Parental overweight was positively correlated with higher risk of MS, abdominal obesity and low HDL-C both in boys and girls.ConclusionParental overweight was strongly associated with increased risk of MS in their offspring, the risk was highest in children with both parents to be overweight. Maternal overweight seems to have a stronger correlation with offspring MS than paternal overweight. Parental overweight is one of the factors for identifying metabolic dysfunction risk in their offspring and other factors need to be considered as well.

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Trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and diabetes treatment target achievement in repeated cross-sectional surveys: the population-based Tromsø Study 1994–2016

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e041846

Author(s):

Petja Lyn Langholz ◽

Tom Wilsgaard ◽

Inger Njølstad ◽

Rolf Jorde ◽

Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Target ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Hba1c Levels

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate time trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and other cardiometabolic risk factors in the general population as well as treatment target achievement among those with diabetes.Design and settingRepeated cross-sectional surveys in the population-based Tromsø Study.MethodsWe used age-adjusted generalised estimating equation models to study trends in self-reported and undiagnosed (HbA1c ≥6.5%) diabetes, cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in 27 281 women and men aged 40–84 years examined in up to four surveys of the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016. Further, we analysed trends in diabetes treatment target achievement.ResultsDuring 1994–2016, diabetes prevalence increased in women (2.3% to 4.6%) and men (2.4% to 5.8%) and in all age groups, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes in women (32% to 17%) and men (37% to 24%) decreased. Blood pressure and total cholesterol decreased, while waist circumference increased in participants with and without diabetes, leading to a relatively stable prevalence of the metabolic syndrome throughout the study period. There was a marginal increase in HbA1c levels among participants without diabetes. Only half of those with diabetes achieved the treatment target of HbA1c ≤7.0%.ConclusionIn the last two decades, diabetes prevalence increased, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes declined. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remained stable throughout, driven by opposing trends with an increase in obesity and a decrease in other cardiometabolic risk factors. HbA1c treatment target achievement did not improve.

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Dietary, behavioural and socio-economic determinants of the metabolic syndrome among adults in Luxembourg: findings from the ORISCAV-LUX study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011002278 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 849-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ala'a Alkerwi ◽

Anne-Françoise Donneau ◽

Nicolas Sauvageot ◽

Marie-Lise Lair ◽

Adelin Albert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Family Medical History ◽

History Of ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

Epidemiological Profile

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present research was to investigate the epidemiological profile of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to explore its potential dietary, behavioural and socio-economic determinants among European adults residing in Luxembourg.DesignCross-sectional, population-based ORISCAV-LUX survey.SettingEuropean adults aged 18–69 years residing in Luxembourg.SubjectsA total of 1349 Europid adults, who participated in the ORISCAV-LUX survey, were included in the study. The prevalence of MetS was estimated according to the Revised-Adult Treatment Panel (R-ATPIII) criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the dietary, behavioural and socio-economic factors independently associated with MetS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS was 24·7 % with significant gender difference (18·5 % for women v. 30·8 % for men, P < 0·0001). Age, male gender, primary level of education, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and hypertension and inadequate protein intake were identified as significant determinants of MetS, after adjusting for other socio-economic, family medical history and lifestyle factors.ConclusionsMetS is a common condition among Europid adults in Luxembourg and increases dramatically with age, in both genders. Several dietary, socio-economic and behavioural factors explain the disparity observed. These findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to MetS encompassing dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic aspects, both in clinical and community settings.

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Factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults: a population-based study

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. 221-228

Author(s):

Patrícia Aparecida Barbosa Silva ◽

Antonieta de Jesus Sacramento ◽

Camila Isis de Deus do Carmo ◽

Líliam Barbosa Silva ◽

Salete Maria de Fátima Silqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Population Based ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Regression Techniques

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and clusters of its components and to identify possible associated factors in older adults. Method: Cross-sectional and population-based study, involving 271 older people. We collected sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric data. Data were analyzed by descriptive and logistic regression techniques. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 59% and was associated with women, overweight/obesity, and the C-reactive protein. Concerning the clusters, 11.4% of the sample had all the components of the metabolic syndrome, and only 5.2% of individuals did not have any of its components. Conclusion: We found there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and clusters of its components in older adults. It is important to deepen studies on this matter, considering clinical aspects in relation to sex and healthy behavioral habits for creating public policies as well as emphasizing actions aimed at promoting self-care in all cycles of life.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of the Metabolic Syndrome Among a National Population Based Sample of 18-108 Year-olds in Iraq: Results of the 2015 Steps Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35452/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Steps Survey ◽

Lower Education

Abstract Background:Thisstudyaimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS)among 18-108 year-old persons inIraq.Method: Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 3,703 18-108 year old persons (32 years median age) that participated in the “2015Iraq STEPS survey,” with complete MetS measurements.Results: Results indicate that39.4% of 18-108 year-olds had MetS (harmonized definition), 39.8% among women and 39.0% among men, and the mean number of MetS components was 2.4 (SD=1.4), 2.4(SD=1.4) among women and 1.5 (SD=1.4) among men. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age, current and past smoking and general overweight and obesity were associated with MetS. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, having lower education, ever alcohol use, and low physical activity were associated with MetS. In adjusted linear regression analysis, male sex, lower education, and obesity were associated with greater number of MetS components.Conclusion: Two in five participants had MetS and several associated indicators were found which couldbe supportive in designing interventionactivities.

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