scholarly journals Maternal PUFA status and offspring allergic diseases up to the age of 18 months

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Mei Yu ◽  
Yiong-Huak Chan ◽  
Philip C. Calder ◽  
Antony Hardjojo ◽  
Shu-E Soh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Asian Cohort

Studies have suggested that maternal PUFA status during pregnancy may influence early childhood allergic diseases, although findings are inconsistent. We examined the relationship between maternal PUFA status and risk of allergic diseases in early childhood in an Asian cohort. Maternal plasma samples from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes mother–offspring cohort were assayed at 26–28 weeks of gestation for relative abundance of PUFA. Offspring (n 960) were followed up from 3 weeks to 18 months of age, and clinical outcomes of potential allergic diseases (rhinitis, eczema and wheezing) were assessed by repeated questionnaires. Skin prick testing (SPT) was also performed at the age of 18 months. Any allergic disease with positive SPT was defined as having any one of the clinical outcomes plus a positive SPT. The prevalence of a positive SPT, rhinitis, eczema, wheezing and any allergic disease with positive SPT was 14·1 % (103/728), 26·5 % (214/808), 17·6 % (147/833), 10·9 % (94/859) and 9·4 % (62/657), respectively. After adjustment for confounders, maternal total n-3, n-6 PUFA status and the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were not significantly associated with offspring rhinitis, eczema, wheezing, a positive SPT and having any allergic disease with positive SPT in the offspring (P>0·01 for all). A weak trend of higher maternal n-3 PUFA being associated with higher risk of allergic diseases with positive SPT in offspring was observed. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the risk of early childhood allergic diseases is modified by variation in maternal n-3 and n-6 PUFA status during pregnancy in an Asian population.

Prenatal and early-life predictors of atopy and allergic disease in Canadian children: results of the Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life (FAMILY) Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Batool ◽  
P. L. Reece ◽  
K. M. Schulze ◽  
K. M. Morrison ◽  
S. A. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Life Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Population

Prenatal and early-life environmental exposures play a key role in the development of atopy and allergic disease. The Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life Study is a general, population-based Canadian birth cohort that prospectively evaluated prenatal and early-life traits and their association with atopy and/or allergic disease. The study population included 901 babies, 857 mothers and 530 fathers. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors were evaluated through questionnaires collected during the antenatal period and at 1 year. The end points of atopy and allergic diseases in infants were evaluated through questionnaires and skin prick testing. Key outcomes included atopy (24.5%), food allergy (17.5%), cow’s milk allergy (4.8%), wheezing (18.6%) and eczema (16%). The association between infant antibiotic exposure [odds ratio (OR): 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45–2.88] and increased atopy was noted in the multivariate analysis, whereas prenatal maternal exposure to dogs (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.84) and acetaminophen (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.92) was associated with decreased atopy. This population-based birth cohort in Canada demonstrated high rates of atopy, food allergy, wheezing and eczema. Several previously reported and some novel prenatal and postnatal exposures were associated with atopy and allergic diseases at 1 year of age.

scholarly journals The association of different enteroviruses with atopy and allergic diseases in early childhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Palmu ◽  
Jussi Lehtonen ◽  
Laura Korhonen ◽  
Suvi Virtanen ◽  
Onni Niemelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nested Case Control

Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections, being among the most prevalent viruses worldwide, have been associated with reduced risk of allergic diseases. We sought to determine the association of EVs with allergic sensitization and disease in early childhood. Methods: The study was carried out in a nested case-control setting within a prospective birth cohort in Finland. We included 138 case children who had specific IgE (s-IgE) sensitization at the age of 5 years and 138 control children without s-IgE sensitization. Allergic disease was recorded at study visits and asked with ISAAC questionary. We screened for the presence of serotype specific antibodies against 41 EVs at 1 to 5 years of age and assessed their association with allergic sensitization and disease. Results: The overall number of EV infections did not differ between s-IgE-sensitized children and non-sensitized control children. However, there was a tendency of case children with an allergic disease having less EV infections than their controls. This observation was statistically significant for species A EVs in case children with atopic dermatitis vs. control children: OR 0.6 (95 % CI 0.36-0.99), P = 0.048. Conclusion: This study supports the evidence that EV exposure and development of allergic disease are inversely associated. Interestingly, the inverse association was not observed for bare atopic IgE sensitization, but for IgE sensitization coupled with clinical atopic disease. This suggests that environmental factors influencing IgE sensitization may differ from those influencing progression to clinical allergic disease.

scholarly journals Intermittent concurrent use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors did not increase risk of adverse clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanbing He ◽  
Xiaorong Shu ◽  
Enyi Zhu ◽  
Bingqing Deng ◽  
Yongqing Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed to patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) under antiplatelet therapy to prevent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. However, its clinical impact is still under debate, especially in Asian population. This study was undertaken to explore the effects of concurrent use of clopidogrel and PPIs on the clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with CHD in secondary prevention. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted in 638 patients with CHD on consecutive clopidogrel therapy for at least 1 year. After 18-month follow-up, adverse clinical events were collected. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the effect of PPI use on the outcomes. A total of 638 patients were recruited from 2014 to 2015 in this study, among whom 201 were sustained PPI users, 188 were intermittent PPI users and the remaining 249 were non-PPI users. Results Compared with sustained PPI users, intermittent use of PPIs was associated with a lower risk of stroke, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and net adverse clinical event (NACE) (stroke: adjusted HR: 0.109, 95% CI 0.014–0.878, p = 0.037; MACE: adjusted HR: 0.293, 95% CI 0.119–0.722; p = 0.008; NACE: adjusted HR: 0.357, 95% CI 0.162–0.786, p = 0.011). Subgroup analysis further revealed the benefit of intermittent PPI use was significant in male CHD patients over 60 years old, with hypertension or chronic kidney disease, and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention during hospitalization. Conclusion The current findings suggest that the intermittent concurrent use of PPIs and clopidogrel is not associated with an increased risk of 18-month adverse clinical outcomes, and intermittent use of PPIs is associated with a lower rate of MACE and NACE.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Epithelial Cells in Health and Allergic Disease: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Queener ◽  
Sergio E. Chiarella ◽  
Lyda Cuervo-Pardo ◽  
Mackenzie E. Coden ◽  
Hiam Abdala-Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
New Research

Concomitant dramatic increase in prevalence of allergic and metabolic diseases is part of a modern epidemic afflicting technologically advanced societies. While clinical evidence points to clear associations between various metabolic factors and atopic disease, there is still a very limited understanding of the mechanisms that link the two. Dysregulation of central metabolism in metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia has a systemic impact on multiple tissues and organs, including cells of the epithelial barrier. While much of epithelial research in allergy has focused on the immune-driven processes, a growing number of recent studies have begun to elucidate the role of metabolic components of disease. This review will revisit clinical evidence for the relationship between metabolic and allergic diseases, as well as discuss potential mechanisms driving metabolic dysfunction of the epithelial barrier. Among them, novel studies highlight links between dysregulation of the insulin pathway, glucose metabolism, and loss of epithelial differentiation in asthma. Studies of mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics in lean and obese asthmatic phenotypes recently came to light to provide a novel framework linking changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation with arginine metabolism and nitric oxide bioavailability. New research established connections between arachidonate metabolism, autophagy, and airway disease, as well as systemic dyslipidemia in atopic dermatitis and ceramide changes in the epidermis. Taken together, studies of metabolism have a great potential to open doors to a new class of therapeutic strategies, better characterization of disease endotypes, as well as enable a systems biology approach to mechanisms of allergic disease.

Staphylococcus aureus sensitization and allergic disease in early childhood: Population-based birth cohort study

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Semic-Jusufagic ◽  
Claus Bachert ◽  
Philippe Gevaert ◽  
Gabriele Holtappels ◽  
Lesley Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Population

‘We call this “play”, however…’: Navigating ‘play anxiety’ in early childhood education and care markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Christopher Drew
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Guided Play

Neoliberal rationalities predicated on consumer choice and market forces have increasingly positioned parents as consumers in early childhood and care markets. In this context, providers jostle to attract clientele by providing pathways through and around a milieu of parental anxieties and ambitions for their children. This article examines a chief marketing document – the early childhood education and care provider’s website – and reflects on the ways providers address parental ‘play anxiety’ in marketised times. It finds that differing and even contradictory discursive ideals about children’s risky, risk averse and guided play move in and out of the texts in ways that work to appeal to parents’ anxieties and desires. The emergence of a mosaic of differing discourses of play in marking texts highlights the complexities and contradictions that come with early childhood education and care provision, parenting and growing up in marketised neoliberal times.

scholarly journals Impact of diet on the immunological microenvironment of the pregnant uterus and its relationship to allergic disease in the offspring: a review of the recent literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Campelo Batalha Cox Moore ◽  
Pedro Xavier Elsas ◽  
Elisabeth Santos Maximiano ◽  
Maria Ignez Capella Gaspar Elsas
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Immunological Profile ◽  
Dietary Content ◽  
The Relationship

Medical progress has reduced the mortality from infectious diseases in most countries, but allergic diseases have become more prevalent worldwide over the same period, especially in industrialized countries. This has prompted speculation that modern lifestyles have altered the relationship between heredity and environment so as to promote development of an atopic phenotype when exposure to infection decreases. A healthy uterine microenvironment is known to favor Th2 lymphocyte development. However, some evidence suggests that persistence of the Th2 pattern of immunity directs the developing organism's immune response towards a long-lasting atopic phenotype. Even though the outcome also depends on other factors (such as infection, functional state of the intestinal microflora, and exposure to environmental allergens at times critical to development), it seems that the immune system during the perinatal period is responsive to interventions that are no longer effective in adulthood. We have reviewed the literature accessible through Medline to identify recent advances in the prevention of allergic disease through interventions in the fetal-maternal relationship. Diet seems to have a significant impact on the immunological profile of the pregnant uterus, as well as on the postnatal development of allergic disease in the offspring, as suggested by the effects of probiotic bacteria and by manipulations of the dietary content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. This highlights the need for further studies, in order to define the best intervention methods, the most appropriate time interval and the individuals who will most likely benefit from them.

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