Association of dietary fibre intake and gut microbiota in adults

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota may influence colorectal cancer risk. Diet, particularly fibre intake, may modify gut microbiota composition, which may affect cancer risk. We investigated the relationship between dietary fibre intake and gut microbiota in adults. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we assessed gut microbiota in faecal samples from 151 adults in two independent study populations: National Cancer Institute (NCI), n 75, and New York University (NYU), n 76. We calculated energy-adjusted fibre intake based on FFQ. For each study population with adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI and smoking, we evaluated the relationship between fibre intake and gut microbiota community composition and taxon abundance. Total fibre intake was significantly associated with overall microbial community composition in NYU (P=0·008) but not in NCI (P=0·81). In a meta-analysis of both study populations, higher fibre intake tended to be associated with genera of class Clostridia, including higher abundance of SMB53 (fold change (FC)=1·04, P=0·04), Lachnospira (FC=1·03, P=0·05) and Faecalibacterium (FC=1·03, P=0·06), and lower abundance of Actinomyces (FC=0·95, P=0·002), Odoribacter (FC=0·95, P=0·03) and Oscillospira (FC=0·96, P=0·06). A species-level meta-analysis showed that higher fibre intake was marginally associated with greater abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FC=1·03, P=0·07) and lower abundance of Eubacterium dolichum (FC=0·96, P=0·04) and Bacteroides uniformis (FC=0·97, P=0·05). Thus, dietary fibre intake may impact gut microbiota composition, particularly class Clostridia, and may favour putatively beneficial bacteria such as F. prausnitzii. These findings warrant further understanding of diet–microbiota relationships for future development of colorectal cancer prevention strategies.

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Association of dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota in healthy adults.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1569 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1569-1569 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Lin ◽

Brandilyn Peters ◽

Rashmi Sinha ◽

James J. Goedert ◽

Richard Hayes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Community Composition ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

The Relationship

1569 Background: Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota alterations may play a role in colorectal cancer risk. Diet, particularly fiber intake, may modify gut microbiota composition, which may consequently impact cancer risk development. We investigated the relationship between dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota in healthy humans. Methods: Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we assessed gut microbiota in fecal samples from 151 healthy adults in two independent study populations: Study A, n = 75 (healthy controls from a colorectal cancer case-control study), and Study B, n = 76 (polyp-free subjects from a cross-sectional colonoscopy study). We calculated energy-adjusted total dietary fiber intake of participants based on food frequency questionnaires. For each study population, we evaluated the relationship between quartiles of higher fiber intake as a continuous ordinal variable, and global gut microbiota community composition (via PERMANOVA of weighted UniFrac distance) and specific taxon abundance (via DESeq2). Results: We found that fiber intake was significantly associated with overall microbial community composition in Study B (p = 0.003) but not Study A (p = 0.68), after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, and cigarette smoking. In a taxonomy-based meta-analysis of these two study populations, higher fiber intake was associated with lower abundance of genus Actinomyces (fold change [FC] = 0.769, p = 0.003), and higher abundance of genera Faecalibacterium (FC = 1.153, p = 0.03), Lachnospira (FC = 1.167, p = 0.04), and SMB53 (FC = 1.201, p = 0.05). A species-level meta-analysis showed an association between higher fiber intake and higher abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FC = 1.165, p = 0.03) and lower abundance of Ruminococcus bromii (FC = 0.828, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher intake of dietary fiber may alter gut microbiota in healthy adults. Given the potentially modifiable nature of the gut microbiota through diet, these findings warrant further study of diet-microbiota based colorectal cancer prevention strategies.

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The relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the possible role of dietary fibre

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-021-01727-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dominic Salamone ◽

Angela Albarosa Rivellese ◽

Claudia Vetrani

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

The Relationship ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractGut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health. Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among dietary component, dietary fibre may play a pivotal role by virtue of its prebiotic effect on fibre-fermenting bacteria, that may increase SCFA production. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanisms behind this association were also discussed.

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Intake of dietary fibre and lifetime non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and the incidence of colorectal polyps in a population screened for colorectal cancer

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2016-208606 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 961-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eileen Shaw ◽

Matthew T Warkentin ◽

S Elizabeth McGregor ◽

Susanna Town ◽

Robert J Hilsden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Colorectal Polyps ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fibre Intake ◽

Screening Population ◽

Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽

Dietary Fibre Intake ◽

Anti Inflammatory

BackgroundThere is suggestive evidence that increased intake of dietary fibre and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk. However, the effects on precursors of colorectal cancer, such as adenomatous polyps, are mixed. We present the associations between dietary fibre intake and NSAID use on the presence and type of colorectal polyps in a screening population.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 2548 individuals undergoing colonoscopy at the Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre (Calgary, Canada) was conducted. Dietary fibre intake and NSAID use were assessed using the Diet History Questionnaire I or II and the Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire. Colorectal outcomes were documented as a polyp or high-risk adenomatous polyp (HRAP; villous histology, high-grade dysplasia, ≥10 mm or ≥3 adenomas). Crude and ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using unconditional logistic regression.ResultsThere were 1450 negative colonoscopies and 1098 patients with polyps, of which 189 patients had HRAPs. Total dietary fibre intake was associated with a decreased presence of HRAPs (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.86) when comparing the highest to lowest quartiles and was observed with both soluble (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.88) and insoluble (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.86) fibres. Ever use of NSAIDs was also inversely associated with HRAPs (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.89), observed with monthly (OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95) and daily (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.86) use.ConclusionsDietary fibre intake and NSAID use were associated with a decreased risk of having a HRAP at screening.

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Ontogenetic Differences in Dietary Fat Influence Microbiota Assembly in the Zebrafish Gut

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00687-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Sandi Wong ◽

W. Zac Stephens ◽

Adam R. Burns ◽

Keaton Stagaman ◽

Lawrence A. David ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Ideal Model ◽

Surrounding Environment ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

The Relationship ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Gut microbiota influence the development and physiology of their animal hosts, and these effects are determined in part by the composition of these microbial communities. Gut microbiota composition can be affected by introduction of microbes from the environment, changes in the gut habitat during development, and acute dietary alterations. However, little is known about the relationship between gut and environmental microbiotas or about how host development and dietary differences during development impact the assembly of gut microbiota. We sought to explore these relationships using zebrafish, an ideal model because they are constantly immersed in a defined environment and can be fed the same diet for their entire lives. We conducted a cross-sectional study in zebrafish raised on a high-fat, control, or low-fat diet and used bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to survey microbial communities in the gut and external environment at different developmental ages. Gut and environmental microbiota compositions rapidly diverged following the initiation of feeding and became increasingly different as zebrafish grew under conditions of a constant diet. Different dietary fat levels were associated with distinct gut microbiota compositions at different ages. In addition to alterations in individual bacterial taxa, we identified putative assemblages of bacterial lineages that covaried in abundance as a function of age, diet, and location. These results reveal dynamic relationships between dietary fat levels and the microbial communities residing in the intestine and the surrounding environment during ontogenesis. IMPORTANCE The ability of gut microbiota to influence host health is determined in part by their composition. However, little is known about the relationship between gut and environmental microbiotas or about how ontogenetic differences in dietary fat impact gut microbiota composition. We addressed these gaps in knowledge using zebrafish, an ideal model organism because their environment can be thoroughly sampled and they can be fed the same diet for their entire lives. We found that microbial communities in the gut changed as zebrafish aged under conditions of a constant diet and became increasingly different from microbial communities in their surrounding environment. Further, we observed that the amount of fat in the diet had distinct age-specific effects on gut community assembly. These results reveal the complex relationships between microbial communities residing in the intestine and those in the surrounding environment and show that these relationships are shaped by dietary fat throughout the life of animal hosts.

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