scholarly journals Methionine-balanced diets improve cattle performance in fattening young bulls fed high-forage diets through changes in nitrogen metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cantalapiedra-Hijar ◽  
I. Ortigues-Marty ◽  
B. Sepchat ◽  
E. Titgemeyer ◽  
L. Bahloul
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Forage Diets

AbstractRuminants fed high-forage diets usually have a low feed efficiency, and their performances might be limited by methionine (Met) supply. However, the INRA feeding system for growing cattle does not give recommendation for this amino acid (AA). This study aimed to assess the effects of Met-balanced diets on animal performance and N metabolism in young bulls fed high-forage diets formulated at or above protein requirements. Four diets resulting from a factorial arrangement of two protein levels (Normal (13·5 % crude protein) v. High (16·2 % crude protein)) crossed with two Met concentrations (unbalanced (2·0 % of metabolisable protein) v. balanced (2·6 % of metabolisable protein)) were tested on thirty-four fattening Charolais bulls for 7 months before slaughter. Animal growth rate was greater in Met-balanced diets (+8 %; P = 0·02) with a trend for a greater impact in High v. Normal protein diets (P = 0·10). This trend was observed in lower plasma concentrations of branched-chain AA only when Met supplementation was applied to the Normal protein diet (P ≤ 0·06) suggesting another co-limiting AA at Normal protein level. Feed conversion efficiency and N use efficiency were unaffected by Met supplementation (P > 0·05). However, some plasma indicators suggested a better use of AA when High protein diets were balanced v. unbalanced in Met. The proportion of total adipose tissue in carcass increased (+5 percent units; P = 0·03), whereas that of muscle decreased on average 0·8 percent units (P = 0·05) in Met-balanced diets. Our results justify the integration of AA into dietary recommendations for growing cattle.

EFFECTS OF THREE PROTEIN LEVELS WITH AND WITHOUT ADDED FAT ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY VEAL CALVES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. STILES ◽  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
W. A. GILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Protein Diets

Twenty-four Holstein bull calves were fed high concentrate rations containing 12, 15 or 18% crude protein (as fed basis), with or without 4% added tallow, from 12 wk of age (avg wt 85 kg) to 200 kg liveweight. Seven calves were removed from trial during the course of the experiment due to salmonellosis (1), bloat (3) and calcium or magnesum deficiency (3). Dietary protein level had no effect (P < 0.05) on average daily gains, feed intake, or feed efficiency. Average daily gains were 1.02, 0.95 and 0.93 kg for 12, 15 and 18% protein diets, respectively. Calves fed 4% added tallow were more efficient in feed conversion than those fed no added tallow (adjusted mean difference of 0.43 ±.29 kg feed per kg gain, P < 0.05). Increasing levels of dietary protein produced a significant linear increase in protein content (P < 0.05) of meat samples. The addition of 4% dietary tallow increased the water, protein and fat content of bone samples and depressed ash. Taste panel ratings for flavor, tenderness and overall satisfaction were higher for calves that received no added tallow in their rations. Feed cost per kg gain was lowest for the ration containing 12% protein and 0% added fat. It was concluded that a 12% crude protein high-grain ration fed to calves from 12 wk to 200 kg resulted in performance comparable to 15 and 18% protein rations and that the only benefit from added fat was an improvement in feed efficiency.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY PROTEIN ON PLASMA 5α-ANDROSTENONE CONCENTRATIONS IN YOUNG BOARS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. GOWAN ◽  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
R. J. ETCHES
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Young Boars ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Nineteen individually-penned Yorkshire boars, averaging 23 kg, were used to evaluate the effect of feeding 15, 17, 19 and 21% crude protein diets on plasma 5α-androstenone concentrations up to 100 kg liveweight. Although the protein levels significantly (P < 0.01) affected cumulative weight gain, the results indicated that the dietary protein concentration had no effect on plasma concentrations of 5α-androstenone.

scholarly journals CRUDE PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF GROWING CHICKENS UNDER NIGERIAN ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
M. C. Njike
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

A FEEDING trial was carried out with Warren cockerels to determine the minimum crude protein requirements of growing chickens (6 - 14 Weeks) under the Nigerian (tropical) environment. Three series of diets with protein levels ranging from 13 to 22 percent were used for this study. The first series consisted of unsupplemented all-plant protein diets, the second and third series were the all-plant protein diets supplemented with methionine or methionine plus fishmeal respectively. Satisfactory growth and feed conversion efficiency were observed with increasing concentration of protein, changes in body weight being similar to the pattern observed with the baby chicks fed the same protein levels (Njike 1978a). Maximum weight gain was achieved by chicks on unsupplemented rations containing 20 and 22 percent protein and on 18 % protein diets supplemented with methionine or methionine plus fish meal. The result clearly showed that there is no advantage in supplementing grower rations with fishmeal; the most economic ration is unsupplemented 18% protein diet The performance of chicks on unsupplemented 18% protein diet or 16% protein diet supplemented with methionine or methionine plus fishmeal are comparable and are protein levels of choice for growing chickens under tropical conditions like Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein levels on the growth of Carnatic carp Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849) fingerlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sridhar ◽  
B. Gangadhar ◽  
Uma Latha ◽  
C.H. Raghavendra ◽  
S. S. Giri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Faecal Matter ◽  
Protein Diets

Fingerlings of Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon 1849) (6.40±0.267 cm, 2.46±0.39 g) were reared in aerated plastic tubs (40 l) with five iso-energetic diets formulated to contain crude protein levels ranging from 25 to 45% using pure ingredients. Initially, the diet was fed at @5% of the biomass and gradually adjusted based on daily feed consumption. The fish were allowed to feed for 6 h and thereafter the unconsumed feeds were siphoned out. The following day, faecal matter was collected from each tank by filtering the water with a fine meshed nylon cloth (15 μm), dried, pooled and stored for proximate analysis. Water from eachtub was replaced with 50% freshwater every day after faecal matter collection. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 60 days. Proximate composition of feed and faecal matter was analysed. Acid insoluble ash was used as the reference marker for dry matter, protein and fat digestibility determination. The growth parameters and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were higher (p<0.05) in fish fed 35% protein diet compared to other diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p<0.05) in 35, 40 and 45% protein diets compared to the lower protein diets. The carcass proximate composition revealed the lowest moisture (p<0.05) and highest protein (p>0.05) and fat content (p<0.05) in fish fed 35% protein diet compared to other diets. The digestibility ofdry matter and nutrients was higher (p<0.05) with 35% protein diet. The study revealed crude protein requirement of 35% by the fingerlings of B. carnaticus.

scholarly journals Crude protein requirements in feeding for hybrid jundiara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e978986866
Author(s):  
Rafael Pereira Barros ◽  
Joaldo Rocha Luz ◽  
Ana Paula de Souza Ramos ◽  
Deise Silva Costa ◽  
Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

The objective of this study was to determine the crude protein requirements for juvenile jundiara fish, a hybrid of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum X Leiarius marmoratus. A total of 240 juveniles of the hybrid, with an initial mean weight of 8.4 ± 1.41 g, were distributed in 15 fiberglass tanks (170 L) in a closed water recirculation and constant aeration system, with a density of 16 fish/tank. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of diets with 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40% crude protein. Seventy days into the experiment the final fish weight and feed intake were measured. Two specimens from each experimental unit were collected for evaluation of carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency and blood parameters. The increase in crude protein content promoted the significant, increasing linear effect for mean weight gain, mean feed intake and specific growth rate, and decreasing effect for feed conversion. Significant differences were also observed in carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency, total plasma protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipase enzymatic activity. Thus, the increase in crude protein levels of up to 40% in jundiara diets promotes improvement in the productive performance of juvenile jundiara.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein on the growth of mullet, Chelon labrosus, reared in sea cages

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Altunok ◽  
Osman Özden
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chelon Labrosus

Abstract The purpose of the study was to obtain preliminary data on the effect of dietary protein on the growth of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) juveniles reared in net sea-cages. The juveniles (6.2 ± 0.61 g) were obtained from the wild and were stocked into net sea-cages at a stocking rate of 100 juveniles per cubic meter and fed with experimental diets including 25, 30, or 35% crude protein for 87 days. The highest mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were 39.5 g and 2.13% day−1, respectively, at protein levels of 30%. The diet also resulted in the most efficient feed conversion ratio of 1.61.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Lili Song ◽  
Mingjie Chai ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Microbial Diversities

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight ( 20.99   kg ± 0.16   kg ) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II ( P < 0.05 ). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low-protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.

The interaction between level of protein and the response to specific nutrients in high silage diets

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. Crocker ◽  
W. Fisher ◽  
C. Walker ◽  
A. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

Previous studies have indicated that supplements to high quality grass silage based on molasses and sodium bicarbonate can enhance microbial efficiency and milk output. However these experiments showed that there was still a need to include preformed protein in the supplement to maximise the response. Also, work at this Institute (M. Gill, unpublished data) had indicated marked responses to branched chain volatile fatty acids (vfa) in high forage diets, but only in the presence of protein supplements. The aims of the experiment were to firstly examine whether preformed proteins in high forage diets could be replaced by either protected or unprotected amino acids (methionine and lysine) in dairy cow diets and secondly, to investigate the interaction between branched chain acids and the supply of protein.Eighty British Friesian cows in their second and subsequent lactation were offered grass silage ad libitum together with 4 kg of molasses and sodium bicarbonate (Alkacarb, ICI plc) at 30 g/kg silage dry matter (DM). They were given a protein supplement consisting of soyabean meal and fishmeal in a 3:1 ratio at either 2 (L) or 3.2 kg/day (H).

scholarly journals 221 Optimizing sugar inclusion in high roughage diets for growing cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
Allison VanDerWal ◽  
Josh Zeltwanger ◽  
Alfredo DiCostanzo
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Producers wishing to background cattle may not have access to grain in certain regions of the country or when grain price is high. Sugar sources may replace grain under these circumstances. The objective of this study was to determine optimum sugar concentration based on daily gain and feed conversion in high-forage diets fed to growing cattle. Ninety-two Angus crossbred (Ranch 1) steers (n = 60; 339 + 11 kg BW) and heifers (n = 32; 309 + 14 kg BW), and 89 Red Angus crossbred (Ranch 2) steers (338 + 16 kg BW) were randomly allocated (5 to 7 hd/pen) within ranch and sex to one of 15 pens in each of two (north or south side) locations within a deep bedded confinement feedlot. Target dietary treatments were designed to contain supplemental sugar inclusion of 0%, 3.5%, 7% or 10.5% (8, 7, 8 or 7 replicate pens in each treatment, respectively) using a molasses-based supplement containing 56.8% sugar and 7.4% urea. Diets were comprised (DM basis) of hay (12%), corn silage, dry distillers grains (14.5%), dry rolled corn and a liquid supplement (5%); corn grain and corn silage inclusion varied from 21% to 32% and from 29% to 36%, respectively, to accommodate supplemental sugar. This resulted in dietary sugar concentrations of 4.3%, 7.3%, 10.3% and 13.3% or 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, as supplemental sugar. As concentration of sugar increased, DMI increased linearly (P < 0.006) with no change in ADG (P = 0.22) resulting in linearly decreasing feed conversion efficiency (P = 0.032). Iterated ME concentration of supplemental sugar was similar to that of corn grain (P > 0.06). Given the appropriate conditions, sugar may replace dry rolled corn and corn silage in high roughage diets for growing cattle.

scholarly journals Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tao ◽  
Bo Deng ◽  
Qizhi Yuan ◽  
Xiaoming Men ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Low protein diets are commonly used in the growing-finishing pig stage of swine production; however, the effects of low dietary protein on the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, and their association with pig sex, remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a low crude protein (CP) diet on the gut microbiome and metabolome, and to reveal any relationship with sex. Barrows and gilts (both n = 24; initial body = 68.33 ± 0.881 kg) were allocated into two treatments according to sex. The four groups comprised two pairs of gilts and barrows fed with a high protein diet (CP 17% at stage I; CP 13% at stage II) and a low protein diet (CP 15% at stage I; CP 11% at stage II), respectively, for 51 d. Eight pigs in each group were slaughtered and their colon contents were collected. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The low protein diet increased intestinal microbiota species and richness indices (P &lt; 0.05) in both sexes compared with the high protein diet. The sample Shannon index was different (P &lt; 0.01) between barrows and gilts. At the genus level, unidentified Clostridiales (P &lt; 0.05), Neisseria (P &lt; 0.05), unidentified Prevotellaceae (P &lt; 0.01) and Gracilibacteria (P &lt; 0.05) were affected by dietary protein levels. The relative abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was different (P &lt; 0.01) between barrows and gilts. The influence of dietary protein levels on Neisseria (P &lt; 0.05), unidentified Prevotellaceae (P &lt; 0.01) and Gracilibacteria (P &lt; 0.05) were associated with sex. Metabolomic profiling indicated that dietary protein levels mainly affected intestinal metabolites in gilts rather than barrows. A total of 434 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in gilts fed the two protein diets. Correlation analysis identified that six differentially abundant microbiota communities were closely associated with twelve metabolites that were enriched for amino acids, inflammation, immune, and disease-related metabolic pathways. These results suggested that decreasing dietary protein contents changed the intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs, which selectively affected the intestinal metabolite profiles in gilts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document