scholarly journals Meat consumption, stratified by dietary quality, and risk of heart disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sanne Pagh Møller ◽  
Heddie Mejborn ◽  
Anja Biltoft-Jensen ◽  
Anne Illemann Christensen ◽  
Lau Caspar Thygesen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Abstract Associations between meat consumption and heart disease have been assessed in several studies but it has been suggested that other dietary factors influence these associations. The aim of this study was to assess whether meat consumption is associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and if the association is modified by dietary quality. The analyses were based on the cohort of adult participants in The Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity in 2000-2002, 2003-2008, and 2011-2013. From these surveys, information on meat consumption and dietary quality were extracted. The cohort was followed in national registers to identify incident IHD. Associations were estimated using Cox regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Analyses of associations between meat consumption and IHD stratified by dietary quality were subsequently evaluated. Among the 8,007 participants, the median follow-up was 9.8 years and 439 cases of IHD were recorded. The results suggested a trend between consumption increments of 100g/day of red meat (HR=1.23; 95%CI:0.99-1.53) or of 50 g/day of processed meat (HR=1.09; 95%CI:0.93-1.29) and higher risk of IHD. The trends were, however, not statistically significant. Stratification by dietary quality did not suggest that associations between meat consumption and risk of IHD were modified by dietary quality. This population-based cohort study with detailed dietary information, suggested a trend with higher meat consumption being associated with higher risk of IHD, but the association was not statistically significant. Results did not indicate that dietary quality modifies such associations.

scholarly journals 1067Annual changes in job strain and risk of coronary heart disease in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Karl Sørensen ◽  
Elisabeth Framke ◽  
Ida E.H. Madsen ◽  
Reiner Rugulies
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background We examined the association between annual changes in job strain and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a population-based cohort study in Denmark. Methods We studied all workers residing in Denmark in 2000, aged 30-59 years with no prevalent CHD (N = 1,660,150). Using a job exposure matrix (JEM) with annual updates, we assessed changes in job strain from 2000-2009. Incident CHD was identified in hospital and death registers from 2001 to 2010. Using Cox regression, we calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between annual changes in job strain and incident CHD. Results During 16.1 million person-years (mean time of follow-up: 9.7 years), we identified 24,159 CHD cases (15.0 per 10,000 person-years). Compared to persistent no job strain, persistent job strain (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.10), onset of job strain (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12–1.29) and removal of job strain (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12–1.28) were associated with higher CHD incidence. Conclusions Persistent and onset of job strain was associated with a higher risk of CHD. Removal of job strain was also associated with a higher risk, which might be due to health selection. Our results suggest that job strain contributes to risk of CHD in the Danish workforce. Key messages Implementing JEM in a population-based cohort of more than 1.6 million workers enabled us to demonstrate associations between annual changes in job strain and risk of incident CHD.

scholarly journals Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Women and Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Liu ◽  
Marta Liu Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Deirdre Liu ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Objectives We aim to 1) examine the association between walnut consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality; 2) to estimate life expectancy that would be potentially gained by varying intake of walnuts in U.S. women and men. Methods Walnut consumption was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires in 1998 (baseline year) and updated every 4 years. We included data from 68,308 women of the Nurses’ Health Study (1998–2016) and 26,760 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998–2016) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models adjusting for confounders to estimate mortality risk associated with walnut consumption stratified by sex and dietary quality. We used population based multistate life tables to calculate the differences in life expectancy and years lived in relation to walnut consumption. Results During up to 18 years of follow-up, we documented 30,502 deaths from any cause. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality across categories of walnut intake (servings/week), as compared to non-consumers, were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.94), for <1 serving/week, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83–0.92) for 1 serving/week, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.75–0.85), for 2–4 servings/week, and 0.77 (95% CI,: 0.71–0.81) for >= 5 servings/week (P for trend <0.0001). Per 0.5 serving/day walnut consumption was associated of a reduced risk of total mortality (HR: 0.82, 95% CI,: 0.77–0.88), CVD mortality (HR: 0.78, 95% CI,: 0.67–0.33), and cancer mortality (HR: 0.93, 95% CI:, 0.81–1.07) in participants with a suboptimal diet (AHEI score <60% of cohort distribution). A greater life expectancy of 1.78 years in women and 1.94 years in men was observed among those who consumed walnuts more than 5 servings/week, compared to non-consumers at age 60. Conclusions Higher walnut consumption was associated with lower risk for total mortality and longer estimated life expectancy among U.S. men and women of two prospective cohort studies. Our results provide evidence on the potential role of walnut in the prevention of premature death. Funding Sources UM1 CA186107, UM1 CA176726, UM1 CA167552 Y.L. was partly funded by the California Walnut Commission. The funders have no roles in the design and conduct of the study.

scholarly journals Milk and Fermented Milk Consumption and Risk of Total Stroke: A Population Based Cohort of Swedish Women and Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1073-1073
Author(s):  
Erika Olsson ◽  
Jonas Höijer ◽  
Susanna C Larsson ◽  
Lena Kilander ◽  
Liisa Byberg
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Milk Consumption

Abstract Objectives To investigate associations between time updated information of milk and fermented milk consumption and risk of total stroke. Methods We included 79,613 Swedish adults (35,892 women and 43,721 men), 45–83 years of age, without stroke at baseline in 1997 (SIMPLER, simpler4health.se). The participants completed a validated 96-item food frequency questionnaire including questions about milk and soured milk and yogurt consumption at baseline and in 2009. Incident and previous stroke cases were identified by linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Associations between milk and fermented milk intake and incident total stroke were assessed by restricted cubic spline Cox regression. We included the baseline covariates sex and educational level, and time updated exposures and covariates (age, smoking, total energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, living alone, coffee, vitamin- and mineral supplements, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, weighted Charlson Comorbidity Index, and intakes of fermented milk (in analyses of milk), milk (in analyses of fermented milk), fruits and vegetables, processed meat, soft drink, juice, total fat, and saturated fat) from 2009. Results The average intake in 1997 was 260 grams (g)/day (d) for milk and 160 g/d for fermented milk (200 g corresponds to 1 glass). During a mean follow-up of 17.7 years (maximum follow-up of 22 years), 9736 total stroke cases were identified. P-values for non-linearity were 0.010 for milk and 0.721 for fermented milk. Compared with zero intake the Hazard ratio (HR) for milk intake was 0.95 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.91, 0.99) for 200 g/d, 0.94 (95% CI 0.89, 1.00) for 400 g/d, and 0.97 (95% CI (0.91, 1.02) for 600 g/d. For fermented milk intake the HR was 0.99 (95% CI 0.95, 1.04) for 200 g/day, 1.00 (0.95% CI 0.95, 1.05) for 400 g/d, and 1.01 (95% CI 0.95, 1.07) for 600 g/d compared with zero intake. Conclusions A low to moderate, but not higher, milk consumption (1–2 glasses/d) seem to have a protective effect on total stroke, compared to zero intake. Consumption of fermented milk was not associated with total stroke. Funding Sources SIMPLER is funded by Vetenskapsrådet. The current work is funded by Forte.

scholarly journals Diet and colorectal cancer in UK Biobank: a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E Bradbury ◽  
Neil Murphy ◽  
Timothy J Key
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

Abstract Background Most of the previous studies on diet and colorectal cancer were based on diets consumed during the 1990s. Methods We used Cox-regression models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for colorectal cancer by dietary factors in the UK Biobank study. Men and women aged 40–69 years at recruitment (2006–10) reported their diet on a short food-frequency questionnaire (n = 475 581). Dietary intakes were re-measured in a large sub-sample (n = 175 402) who completed an online 24-hour dietary assessment during follow-up. Trends in risk across the baseline categories were calculated by assigning re-measured intakes to allow for measurement error and changes in intake over time. Results During an average of 5.7 years of follow-up, 2609 cases of colorectal cancer occurred. Participants who reported consuming an average of 76 g/day of red and processed meat compared with 21 g/day had a 20% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4–37] higher risk of colorectal cancer. Participants in the highest fifth of intake of fibre from bread and breakfast cereals had a 14% (95% CI: 2–24) lower risk of colorectal cancer. Alcohol was associated with an 8% (95% CI: 4–12) higher risk per 10 g/day higher intake. Fish, poultry, cheese, fruit, vegetables, tea and coffee were not associated with colorectal-cancer risk. Conclusions Consumption of red and processed meat at an average level of 76 g/d that meets the current UK government recommendation (≤90 g/day) was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Alcohol was also associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, whereas fibre from bread and breakfast cereals was associated with a reduced risk.

scholarly journals Impacts of heart disease, depression and their combination on all-cause mortality in older people: a rural community-based cohort study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038341
Author(s):  
Weiju Zhou ◽  
Alex Hopkins ◽  
M Justin Zaman ◽  
Xuguang (Grant) Tao ◽  
Amanda Rodney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of heart disease (HD) combined with depression on all-cause mortality in older people living in the community.DesignA population-based cohort study.ParticipantsWe examined the data of 1429 participants aged ≥60 years recruited in rural areas in Anhui province, China. Using a standard method of interview, we documented all types of HD diagnosed by doctors and used the validated Geriatric Mental Status-Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy algorithm to diagnose any depression for each participant at baseline in 2003. The participants were followed up for 8 years to identify vital status.MeasurementsWe sought to examine all-cause mortality rates among participants with HD only, depression only and then their combination compared with those without these diseases using multivariate adjusted Cox regression models.Results385 deaths occurred in the cohort follow-up. Participants with baseline HD (n=91) had a significantly higher mortality (64.9 per 1000 person-years) than those without HD (42.9). In comparison to those without HD and depression, multivariate adjusted HRs for mortality in the groups of participants who had HD only, depression only and both HD and depression were 1.46 (95% CI 0.98 to 2.17), 1.79 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.48) and 2.59 (95% CI 1.12 to 5.98), respectively.ConclusionOlder people with both HD and depression in China had significantly increased all-cause mortality compared with those with HD or depression only, and without either condition. Psychological interventions should be taken into consideration for older people and those with HD living in the community to improve surviving outcome.

scholarly journals Dietary questions as determinants of mortality: the OXCHECK experience

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Whiteman ◽  
John Muir ◽  
Lesley Jones ◽  
Mike Murphy ◽  
Tim Key
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Eligible Patient ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractObjective:To determine whether responses to simple dietary questions are associated with specific causes of death.Design:Self-reported frequency intakes of various classes of foods and data on confounding factors were collected at the baseline survey. Death notifications up to 31 December 1997 were ascertained from the Office for National Statistics. Relative risk (RR) of death and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with baseline dietary factors were calculated by Cox regression.Setting:Prospective follow-up study based on five UK general practices.Subjects:Data were used from 11 090 men and women aged 35–64 years (81% of the eligible patient population) who responded to a postal questionnaire in 1989.Results:After 9 years of follow-up, 598 deaths were recorded, 514 of these among the 10 522 subjects with no previous history of angina. All-cause mortality was positively associated with age, smoking and low social class, as expected. Among the dietary variables, all-cause mortality was significantly reduced in participants who reported relatively high consumption of vegetables, puddings, cakes, biscuits and sweets, fresh or frozen red meat (but not processed meat), among those who reported using polyunsaturated spreads and among moderate alcohol drinkers. These associations were broadly similar for deaths from ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cancer and all other causes combined, and were not greatly attenuated by adjusting for potential confounding factors including social class.Conclusions:Responses to simple questions about nutrition were associated with mortality. These findings must be interpreted with caution since residual confounding by dietary and lifestyle factors may underlie the associations.

Does Hospitalization Predict the Disease Course in Ulcerative Colitis? Prevalence and Predictors of Hospitalization and Re- Hospitalization in Ulcerative Colitis in a Population-based Inception Cohort (2000-2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra A. Golovics ◽  
Laszlo Lakatos ◽  
Michael D. Mandel ◽  
Barbara D. Lovasz ◽  
Zsuzsanna Vegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Disease Extent ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospitalization Rates

Background & Aims: Limited data are available on the hospitalization rates in population-based studies. Since this is a very important outcome measure, the aim of this study was to analyze prospectively if early hospitalization is associated with the later disease course as well as to determine the prevalence and predictors of hospitalization and re-hospitalization in the population-based ulcerative colitis (UC) inception cohort in the Veszprem province database between 2000 and 2012. Methods: Data of 347 incident UC patients diagnosed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010 were analyzed (M/F: 200/147, median age at diagnosis: 36, IQR: 26-50 years, follow-up duration: 7, IQR 4-10 years). Both in- and outpatient records were collected and comprehensively reviewed. Results: Probabilities of first UC-related hospitalization were 28.6%, 53.7% and 66.2% and of first re-hospitalization were 23.7%, 55.8% and 74.6% after 1-, 5- and 10- years of follow-up, respectively. Main UC-related causes for first hospitalization were diagnostic procedures (26.7%), disease activity (22.4%) or UC-related surgery (4.8%), but a significant percentage was unrelated to IBD (44.8%). In Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analysis disease extent at diagnosis (HR extensive: 1.79, p=0.02) or at last follow-up (HR: 1.56, p=0.001), need for steroids (HR: 1.98, p<0.001), azathioprine (HR: 1.55, p=0.038) and anti-TNF (HR: 2.28, p<0.001) were associated with the risk of UC-related hospitalization. Early hospitalization was not associated with a specific disease phenotype or outcome; however, 46.2% of all colectomies were performed in the year of diagnosis. Conclusion: Hospitalization and re-hospitalization rates were relatively high in this population-based UC cohort. Early hospitalization was not predictive for the later disease course.

scholarly journals Joint association between education and polygenic risk score for incident coronary heart disease events: a longitudinal population-based study of 26 203 men and women

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214358
Author(s):  
Pekka Martikainen ◽  
Kaarina Korhonen ◽  
Aline Jelenkovic ◽  
Hannu Lahtinen ◽  
Aki Havulinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Region Of Residence

BackgroundGenetic vulnerability to coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established, but little is known whether these effects are mediated or modified by equally well-established social determinants of CHD. We estimate the joint associations of the polygenetic risk score (PRS) for CHD and education on CHD events.MethodsThe data are from the 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 surveys of the population-based FINRISK Study including measures of social, behavioural and metabolic factors and genome-wide genotypes (N=26 203). Follow-up of fatal and non-fatal incident CHD events (N=2063) was based on nationwide registers.ResultsAllowing for age, sex, study year, region of residence, study batch and principal components, those in the highest quartile of PRS for CHD had strongly increased risk of CHD events compared with the lowest quartile (HR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.97 to 2.59); associations were also observed for low education (HR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.89). These effects were largely independent of each other. Adjustment for baseline smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, igh-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes attenuated the PRS associations by 10% and the education associations by 50%. We do not find strong evidence of interactions between PRS and education.ConclusionsPRS and education predict CHD events, and these associations are independent of each other. Both can improve CHD prediction beyond behavioural risks. The results imply that observational studies that do not have information on genetic risk factors for CHD do not provide confounded estimates for the association between education and CHD.

scholarly journals Metformin use and long-term risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041875
Author(s):  
Mette Nørgaard ◽  
Bianka Darvalics ◽  
Reimar Wernich Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
First Line ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Lowering Drug

ObjectiveTo assess whether metformin use affects risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by comparing the risk of BPH in men with type 2 diabetes who initiated first-line treatment with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy between 2000 or 2006 in Northern Denmark. In this period, sulfonylurea and metformin were both frequently used as first-line glucose-lowering drug (GLD) treatment.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingNorthern Denmark.ParticipantsAll men who filled at least two prescriptions for metformin or for sulfonylurea, respectively, during their first 6 months of GLD treatment. Follow-up started 6 months after treatment start.Primary outcome measuresRates of subsequent BPH, identified based on community prescriptions for BPH-related treatment or hospital BPH diagnoses, and rates of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Rates in metformin and sulfonylurea users were compared overall and stratified by 6-month haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) using Cox regression and an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach and an as-treated analysis.ResultsDuring follow-up, less than five persons were lost to follow-up due to emigration. In 3953 metformin initiators with a median follow-up of 10 years, the 10-year cumulative BPH incidence was 25.7% (95% CI 24.2 to 27.1). Compared with 5958 sulfonylurea users (median follow-up 8 years, 10-year cumulative incidence 27.4% (95% CI 26.2 to 28.6)), the crude HR for BPH was 0.83 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.89) and adjusted HR in the ITT analyses was 0.97 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.06). For TURP, the adjusted HR was 0.96 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.46). In the as-treated analysis, adjusted HR for BPH was 0.91 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.02).ConclusionsCompared with sulfonylurea, metformin did not substantially reduce the incidence of BPH in men with diabetes.

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