scholarly journals The effects of phytate on intestinal absorption and secretion of zinc, and whole-body retention of Zn, copper, iron and manganese in rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Davies ◽  
R. Nightingale
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Cyclic Pattern ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Body Retention

1. The inclusion of phytate (10 g/kg) in a purified diet containing zinc (15 mg/kg) fed to young male rats significantly reduced growth rate and food intake, and promoted a cyclic pattern of food intake characteristic of an uncomplicated Zn deficiency. The decreased growth rate could be accounted for by the reduced food consumption.2. Rats maintained on a Zn-deficient diet (0.5 mg Zn/kg) were found to have a cyclic pattern of food intake and a very slight weight gain. The addition of phytate (10 g/kg) to the Zn-deficient diet promoted a net loss of mean body-weight.3. Rats maintained on the Zn-supplemented diet containing phytate excreted significantly more Zn in their faeces than either pair-fed or ad lib.-fed control rats. Rats given the Zn-deficient diet supplemented with phytate excreted more Zn in their faeces than Zn-deficient control rats.4. Dietary phytate significantly reduced the average daily accumulation (μg/d) and wholebody retention (relative to dietary intake) of iron, copper, manganese and Zn, whether or not the diet was supplemented with Zn.5. The addition of phytate to the lumen fluid of ligated loops of rat duodenum maintained in situ significantly inhibited 65Zn absorption, compared with the control systems without added phytate.6. Other studies using ligated duodenal and ileal loops indicated that Zn is secreted into the gut lumen and approximately one-third of this is normally reabsorbed. Recycling of endogenous Zn may be a significant process in the over-all body economy of this trace element.7. The absorption of 65Zn added to the diet was significantly reduced by dietary phytate. Dietary phytate also reduced the biological half-life of body 65Zn from 91 to 211 h post-administration, possibly by inhibiting reabsorption of endogenous 65Zn and thus promoting a more rapid loss from the body.

Photoperiodic requirements for rapid growth in young male red deer

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Webster ◽  
I. D. Corson ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn ◽  
S. K. Stuart ◽  
J. M. Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Lower Amplitude

AbstractWinter growth of young male red deer can be increased by exposure to 16 h of light (L) and 8 h of dark (D) per day (16L: 8D). This study tested the duration of photoperiod required for this growth response, determined if the time to reach slaughter weight can be reduced and monitored plasma IGF-1, prolactin and reproductive development. Fifty male calves were allocated to five equal groups. Four groups were housed indoors and for 33 weeks from the winter solstice (22 June, southern hemisphere) until 11 February were placed under either 16L: 8D (16L), 13·25L: 10·75D (13L), 10·751:13·25D (111) or 8L: 16D (8L) photoperiods. The fifth group of deer (OC) remained outside in a gravelled enclosure. All groups were given a pelleted diet ad libitum. Group food intake was recorded daily, individual live weight was measured weekly and testes diameter and blood samples taken at weekly or 2-week intervals.Plasma prolactin concentrations in 16L increased within 4 weeks of treatment and were different (P < 0·001) between groups from 14 August to 4 September. IGF-1 increased in both 16L and 13L 4 weeks after treatments and then increased further in 16L above that of 13L (P < 0·01). All groups grew at the same rate for the first 7 weeks. 16L then gained more weight (P < 0·001) than the other groups over the next 19 weeks (50·7 kg v. 38·5 for 13L, 35·7 for 11L, 37·0 for 8L and 37·4 for OC; s.e.d. 3·76). Food intake was positively related to growth rate in a similar way among the inside groups (P < 0·001), however there was a higher energy requirement outdoors (P < 0·05). A target live weight for slaughter of 95 kg was reached 7 weeks earlier for 16L than the other groups (P < 0·01). Testes diameter of 16L was larger than in the other groups from 13 November until 24 December (P < 0·001). The growth oflSL slowed from 1 January while that of OC increased and the live weight ofOC was equal to 16L by the end of the experiment. OC also had the largest testes diameter from 5 February onwards (P < 0·01). The live-weight increase in OC was associated with increases in both prolactin and IGF-1 levels.This study confirmed that 16L: 8D stimulates rapid growth of young male red deer during winter for sufficient time to achieve an earlier slaughter date. The live-weight advantage was lost by late summer however. The increased growth rate was mediated by food intake and associated with increases in IGF-1 and prolactin and earlier reproductive development. Photoperiods of 13 h of light per day or less did not stimulate growth and increases in IGF-1 and prolactin were of a lower amplitude than under 16L: 8D.

Electrolyte composition changes of chronically K-depleted rats after K loading

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sadre ◽  
H. P. Sheng ◽  
M. Fiorotto ◽  
B. L. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dose Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
K Depletion

The responses of whole body, skeletal muscle, and plasma to oral K loading were studied in K-depleted male rats. Potassium depletion was induced by feeding the rats a K-deficient diet for 4 wk and injecting deoxycorticosterone acetate during the first week. After 4 wk, the rats were growth retarded and hypokalemic (1.9 mmol/l plasma) and had low whole-body and muscle K content, 188 +/- 27 and 276 +/- 19 mmol/kg fat-free dried tissue (FFDT), respectively, compared with 296 +/- 10 and 454 +/- 13 mmol/kg FFDT for the control group. Sodium and water retention also occurred in the K-deficient group. After K depletion, the rats were divided into four groups and received either 0, 1, 2, or 3 intragastric doses of 10 mmol KCl/kg at 8-h intervals. The rats were killed 8 h after the last dose. Control rats were treated similarly. K-depleted and control rats responded differently to K loading. In the normal rats, plasma K remained at 5.0 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, muscle K increased to 502 +/- 24 mmol/kg, and muscle K/N ratio increased from 3.0 to 3.4 mmol/g. In the K-depleted rats, plasma K increased to 7.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/l, muscle K increased to 453 +/- 50 mmol/kg, and muscle K/N ratio increased from 1.8 to 3.1 mmol/g. These data indicate that the capacity of the muscles to accumulate K was impaired after severe K depletion and caused elevated plasma K levels when repletion was complete.

scholarly journals Whole-body retention and fetal uptake of 65Zn in pregnant mice fed a Zn-deficient diet.

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAONORI MATSUSAKA ◽  
HIDEKI SAKAMOTO ◽  
ITARU SATO ◽  
KUNIHIRO SHINAGAWA ◽  
HARUO KOBAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Fetal Uptake

Zinc deficiency impairs whole body accumulation of polyunsaturates and increases the utilization of [1-14C]linoleate for de novo lipid synthesis in pregnant rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1246-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Cunnane ◽  
J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet

Zinc deficiency impairs the metabolism of polyunsaturates, but the degree to which its effects are independent of food intake are still in question. Identical amounts of a semiliquid control diet (26.4 mg zinc/kg) or moderately zinc deficient diet (3.2 mg zinc/kg) were tube fed to rats for 11 days during the second half of pregnancy to evaluate the specific effects of zinc deficiency on maternal utilization and fetal accumulation of polyunsaturates. The whole body fatty acid balance method was used to determine net accumulation of polyunsaturates and their whole-body disappearance. Incorporation of 14C from [1-14C]linoleate into maternal and fetal lipid classes was also studied on days 20–21. At term, zinc-deficient rats had significantly higher whole-body disappearance of linoleate and α-linolenate and lower accumulation of n−6 and n−3 long-chain polyunsaturates. Zinc-deficient rats had higher 14C activity in free cholesterol, saturates, and monounsaturates in several maternal organs but not in the fetuses. We conclude that during pregnancy, moderate zinc deficiency not affecting food intake or weight gain still alters whole-body metabolism of linoleate and α-linolenate towards increased β-oxidation and also increases the utilization of carbon from linoleate for de novo lipid synthesis.Key words: cholesterol, linoleate, α-linolenate, oxidation, polyunsaturates, pregnancy, zinc.

Blood-brain barrier penetration of [14C]darolutamide compared with [14C]enzalutamide in rats using whole body autoradiography.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 345-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Zurth ◽  
Steffen Sandmann ◽  
Dagmar Trummel ◽  
Dietrich Seidel ◽  
Hille Gieschen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Early Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Whole Body Autoradiography ◽  
Blood Brain

345 Background: Darolutamide (ODM-201) (Daro) is an investigational oral and high-affinity androgen receptor antagonist. In preclinical studies, penetration of Daro through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is negligible and in a retrospective safety analysis of the ARADES database for CNS-related adverse events (AEs), only 1 report of urinary incontinence was linked to Daro (Fizazi K, et al. 2015). Various clinical trials on enzalutamide (Enza) have reported CNS AEs (eg, seizure, falls, fatigue, pain). To understand the differences in CNS outcomes, we report an in vivo tissue distribution study with [14C]-labelled Enza and Daro in a head-to-head study in rats by means of quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA). Methods: Male rats were orally dosed with 10 mg/kg [14C]Daro or [14C]Enza in the same formulation, administration volume, and radioactive dose. The animals were sacrificed at each drug’s specific tmax (time to reach the maximum concentration) in blood and brain and processed for QWBA. Results: At early time points [14C]Daro- and [14C]Enza-derived radioactivity was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and homogenously distributed throughout the body. By 8 h post dose, [14C]Daro was significantly eliminated from almost all organs/tissues, whereas [14C]Enza remained constant within the body. In contrast to [14C]Daro, high and persistent radioactivity was observed in brain for [14C]Enza. At tmax, the brain/blood-ratio of [14C]Enza was ~0.765, while [14C]Daro was about 10-fold lower at ~0.074. Conclusions: Results show that post dose, there was a 10-fold lower BBB penetration of [14C]Daro compared with [14C]Enza. At 8 h, [14C]Daro was rapidly eliminated and almost undetectable in all tissues, including brain, in contrast to [14C]Enza that remained constant. These data suggest that Daro might have a lower risk of inducing CNS-related AEs than Enza. Further clinical studies are ongoing.

A Study of Changes in Whole-Body Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium and Nitrogen by Neutron Activation Analysis in Vivo in Rats on a Calcium-Deficient Diet

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
K. Boddy ◽  
R. Lindsay ◽  
I. Holloway ◽  
D. A. S. Smith ◽  
A. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Dietary Period ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

1. A method of measuring changes in the total body content of calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen and sodium in rats by activation analysis in vivo is described. 2. The change in the body content of the elements has been measured in rats on a calcium-deficient diet and in control animals, the body nitrogen being used to represent lean body mass for normalization. 3. There were significant differences in Ca/N and P/N but not in Ca/P ratios between the animals on a deficient diet and control animals at the end of the dietary period.

scholarly journals Evidence that adverse effects of zinc deficiency on essential fatty acid composition in rats are independent of food intake

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Cunnane
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. Young male rats were fed on diets containing 3·4, 36 or 411 mg zinc/kg for 10 weeks in order to determine whether effects of Zn deficiency on plasma and liver essential fatty acid composition could be distinguished from those of reduced protein and energy intake.2. Fatty acid analysis revealed that a Zn intake of 3·4 mg/kg (plasma Zn 0·80 v. 1·97 mmol/l in controls fed on 36 mg Zn/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the linoleic acid: arachidonic acid ratio in both plasma and liver phospholipids in comparison with rats fed on 36 or 411 mg Zn/kg.3. Zn supplementation (411 mg/kg) decreased the linoleic acid: arachidonic acid ratio in plasma phosphatidylserine compared with that of the controls.4. The previously reported increase in arachidonic acid (mol %) in liver triacylglycerol of Zn-deficient rats was shown to be a function of a reduced liver triacylglycerol pool size; quantitatively, triacylglycerol content of arachidonic acid in the liver was not significantly affected by Zn intake.

scholarly journals The effect of three types of saponin on iron and zinc absorption from a single meal in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Southon ◽  
A. J. A. Wright ◽  
K. R. Price ◽  
S. J. Fairweather-Tait ◽  
G. R. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Single Meal

1. Iron and zinc retentions in young male rats, given 3 g starch–sucrose paste containing 120 μg Fe as FeSO4or 139 μg Zn as ZnC12(extrinsically labelled with59Fe or65Zn) and increasing amounts ofGypsophilasaponins, were measured by whole-body counting. The results were compared with whole-body Fe and Zn retention from a meal containing crude or purified saponin fractions. In a separate experiment Fe retention from a meal containingGypsophilasaponins, soyasaponin I, or saponins extracted from lucerne (Medicago sativa) plant tops, was measured in older rats.2. Results indicated that Fe absorption decreased with increasing concentration ofGypsophilasaponins. This was significant at a saponin: Fe molar value of approximately 1, with maximum effect occurring at molar ratios of 4 and above, when Fe absorption was reduced by approximately 17%.Gypsophilasaponins had no effect on Zn absorption from a test meal.3. Fe absorption was similar in groups given purified or crudeGypsophilasaponins at the same saponin: mineral molar value of 8, demonstrating that the ‘non-saponin’ fraction of the commercial preparation does not affect the absorption of this mineral.4. Saponins extracted from lucerne plant tops, fed at a saponin:Fe value of approximately 8, also reduced Fe absorption from a single meal. Fe absorption from a meal containing a similar amount of soyasaponin I was not significantly different from controls.5. These results indicate that some dietary saponins may reduce Fe absorption and hence have an adverse effect on Fe status in man and simple-stomached animals.

scholarly journals Effect of iodine deficiency on the reproductive performance of female rats and the viability and growth rate of their progeny

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Vappu Kossila ◽  
Ritva Myllymaa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Body Tissues

The experimental period was apparently too short and the number of rats too small to demonstrate a significant effect of iodine deficiency on some indices of reproduction of the females and the growth rate of their progeny. It was found, however, that iodine deficiency: a) delayed significantly the conception of the second generation females (C2) (Table 3) but was quite ineffective in the first generation females (B1, C1) (Tables 2 & 4), b) did not significantly affect the number of pups dropped or their birth weight, c) increased pup mortality during suckling period, d) tended to decrease the weight of the female sex organs of adult rats (Table 5), e) increased the absolute thyroid weight more rapidly in young growing rats than in old fullgrown rats (Tables 3, 4 & 5), and more rapidly in growing males than females, f) decreased significantly and progressively the PBI level in the serum of adult females which had pregnancies and lactations, g) obviously adversely affected the milk secretion of C1 rats during their second lactation on iodine deficient diet (Experiment II) as judged from the growth rate of their pups during 0—15 days after birth, h) did not adversely affect the growth rate of the suckling offspring of the dams during their first lactation on iodine deficient diet (Tables 3 & 4), i) did not significantly affect the rate of gain of the young rats from weaning up to 60-days of age. The rats transferred from iodine deficient to commercial diet at weaning had larger body weights and smaller thyroids at the age of 60 days than their litter mates remaining on an iodine deficient diet (Table 4). There is of course a possibility that the commercial diet was more palatable than the semisynthetic diet. It is also possible that the iodine deficiency activated the thyroid during the preweaning period and that after the transfer to iodine containing commercial diet at weaning, more thyroxine was secreted from preactivated glands compared to thyroids of the controls or thyroids of the rats kept on an iodine deficident diet throughout the growth period. Thyroid hormones are required for normal growth. A hypothyroid condition favours the accumulation of water and fat into the body tissues and may by this way result in an increase of the body weight. ln this study, however, no attempt was made to estimate the fat content of the body of the experimental rats.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE AND CORNSTARCH IN LOW-PROTEIN DIETS FED TO RATS EXPOSED TO COLD

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
J. F. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

Young male rats were fed one of three low-protein (5% casein) diets differing in the source of carbohydrate (sucrose, equal parts sucrose and cornstarch, or cornstarch) or a 20% casein (sucrose) diet at environmental temperatures of 24 °C or 5 °C. Replacement of sucrose with starch appeared to have a small but significant effect in increasing body weight gain for 15 days (but not the next 28 days) at 24 °C and also in animals exposed to cold for 28 days after a 15-day feeding period at 24 °C. In disagreement with results reported by Andik et al., cold exposure, although significantly increasing body weight gain and food intake in rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet, did not elicit a weight gain as great as that observed in 20% casein-fed animals at either 24 °C or 5 °C. The 24-hour food intake following a 24-hour fast exceeded the intake on the day before fasting on all diets for animals maintained at 5 °C but not 24 °C. The immediate ([Formula: see text] hour) and 24-hour food intakes of rats at 5 °C exceeded those of comparable dietary groups at 24 °C. At 5 °C, the 24-hour food intake, following the fast, of rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet exceeded that of the 20% casein-fed controls.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document