Studies on Beetles of the Family Ptinidae IX.—A Laboratory Study of the Biology of Ptinus tectus Boield

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Howe ◽  
H. D. Burges
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Stevenson Screen ◽  
Food Value

Ptinus tectus occurs on a large range of foodstuffs in all types of storage places, in warehouse refuse and in the nests of birds. It is widely distributed in cool and temperate areas but is very rarely found in hot climates. In Britain it can survive the winter when exposed in a Stevenson screen to outdoor shade conditions. P. tectus is seldom found on imported cargoes inspected aboard ship, but many British warehouses carry a population of the species resident in the fabric of the premises.The larva is able to bore through cellophane, card and textiles and can also make impressions on wood. The fully fed larva spins a cocoon on the fabric of containers and buildings. Holing of packages and contamination by silk of high grade produce form the chief economic losses caused by the species, but occasionally large populations are found, sufficient to reduce the food value of produce. Unlike the larvae, adult beetles cannot penetrate sound linen bags, but lay eggs through the meshes.In a series of consecutive experiments, performed identically as far as possible, variations in the length of developmental period and in emergence weight of adult beetles were greater than would be expected by chance. The variations could not be related to any single observed or suspected inconsistency of technique or environment. It is desirable therefore to conduct comparative experiments simultaneously.

The Use of Medical Record Linkage for Population and Genetic Studies

1969 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 07-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Record Linkage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Record Linkage ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Machine Readable

Methods are described for deriving personal and family histories of birth, marriage, procreation, ill health and death, for large populations, from existing civil registrations of vital events and the routine records of ill health. Computers have been used to group together and »link« the separately derived records pertaining to successive events in the lives of the same individuals and families, rapidly and on a large scale. Most of the records employed are already available as machine readable punchcards and magnetic tapes, for statistical and administrative purposes, and only minor modifications have been made to the manner in which these are produced.As applied to the population of the Canadian province of British Columbia (currently about 2 million people) these methods have already yielded substantial information on the risks of disease: a) in the population, b) in relation to various parental characteristics, and c) as correlated with previous occurrences in the family histories.

Social and Familial Factors in the Development of Early Childhood Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Horwood ◽  
D. M. Fergusson ◽  
F. T. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
The Family

The role of social and familial factors in the development of childhood asthma by age 6 years was studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Rates of asthma varied markedly with the child's sex; boys had twice the rate of asthma as girls. In addition, the factors associated with asthma varied with the child's sex. For boys, wheeze during infancy, early eczema, and parental asthma were all significant risk factors; for girls, the only risk factor was early eczema. Proportional hazards modeling of the data failed to show any significant associations between the development of asthma and a large range of other social and familial factors including breast-feeding, parental smoking habits, pets in the child's family, stress in the family, or family social background. It was concluded that asthma in early childhood appeared to be inherited to some extent, its age of expression was related to the child's sex, and it had a complex interaction with other forms of allergic disease. There was no evidence to suggest that the structure, practices, or dynamics of the child's family played a significant role in the development of asthma for children in this birth cohort.

scholarly journals CK20 and CK5/6 Immunohistochemical Staining of Urothelial Neoplasms: A Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akhtar ◽  
Sameera Rashid ◽  
Mohamed Ben Gashir ◽  
Noheir Mostafa Taha ◽  
Issam Al Bozom
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Umbrella Cells ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Cytokeratins belong to the family of intermediate filaments. They are expressed in a highly specific manner in epithelial cells where they play a crucial role in the integrity and mechanical stability of the cells. Several types of cytokeratins have been described in normal as well as neoplastic urothelium. In the case of urothelial neoplasms expression of CK20 and CK5/6 has been shown in several studies to have diagnostic and prognostic implications. Thus, low-grade urothelial carcinoma manifests CK expression limited to the umbrella cells, while high-grade tumors usually have an expression in the entire thickness of the urothelium except for the basal layer. CK5/6 expression on the other hand is expressed in the basal cells in all low-grade and some high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Diffuse CK20 staining accompanied by loss of CK5/6-positive basal layer is usually associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Double staining of the slides for these cytokeratins may facilitate proper interpretation and correlation.

scholarly journals Quinolizidine-Based Variations and Antifungal Activity of Eight Lupinus Species Grown under Greenhouse Conditions

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Willy Cely-Veloza ◽  
Diego Quiroga ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Quinolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Standard

Fusarium oxysporum is an aggressive phytopathogen that affects various plant species, resulting in extensive local and global economic losses. Therefore, the search for competent alternatives is a constant pursuit. Quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) are naturally occurring compounds with diverse biological activities. The structural diversity of quinolizidines is mainly contributed by species of the family Fabaceae, particularly the genus Lupinus. This quinolizidine-based chemo diversity can be explored to find antifungals and even mixtures to address concomitant effects on F. oxysporum. Thus, the antifungal activity of quinolizidine-rich extracts (QREs) from the leaves of eight greenhouse-propagated Lupinus species was evaluated to outline promising QA mixtures against F. oxysporum. Thirteen main compounds were identified and quantified using an external standard. Quantitative analysis revealed different contents per quinolizidine depending on the Lupinus plant, ranging from 0.003 to 32.8 mg/g fresh leaves. Bioautography showed that all extracts were active at the maximum concentration (5 µg/µL). They also exhibited >50% mycelium growth inhibition. All QREs were fungistatic except for the fungicidal QRE of L. polyphyllus Lindl. Angustifoline, matrine, 13α-hydroxylupanine, and 17-oxolupanine were ranked to act jointly against the phytopathogen. Our findings constitute reference information to better understand the antifungal activity of naturally afforded QA mixtures from these globally important plants.

scholarly journals Croonian Lecture - The formal genetics of man

1948 ◽  
Vol 135 (879) ◽  
pp. 147-170 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Genetical Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Complex Methods ◽  
Mendel’S Laws

Man has obvious disadvantages as an object of genetical study. The advantages are that very large populations are available, and that many serological differences and congenital abnormalities have been intensively investigated. Some characters are found to obey Mendel’s laws with great exactitude. In others the deviations are such as to suggest the existence of a considerable selective mortality, perhaps prenatal. In yet other cases the observations are biased because we only know that we are investigating the progeny of two heterozygotes when the family includes at least one recessive. Statistical methods which eliminate this bias are described. Still more complex methods are needed for the detection and estimation of linkage. Several such cases have been detected with greater or less certainty, and the frequency of recombination between the loci of the genes for colour-blindness and haemophilia is now estimated at 10 ± 4%. If the theory of partial sex-linkage be accepted, it is possible to make a provisional map of a segment of the human sex chromosome. When a gene is sublethal, as are those for haemophilia and achondroplasic dwarfism, its elimination by natural selection is in approximate equilibrium with its appearance by mutation, and the frequency of the latter process can be estimated. The mutation rates at five human gene loci lie between 4 × 10 -5 and 4 × 10 -6 per locus per generation. These are the only estimates available for vertebrates. The rates per generation are rather higher than those in Drosophila , but those per day are so small that much, or even all, hum an mutation may be due to natural radiations and particles of high energy.

On the genealogy of large populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (A) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. C. Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Neutral Mutation ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Coupling Techniques ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
Haploid Population

A new Markov chain is introduced which can be used to describe the family relationships among n individuals drawn from a particular generation of a large haploid population. The properties of this process can be studied, simultaneously for all n, by coupling techniques. Recent results in neutral mutation theory are seen as consequences of the genealogy described by the chain.

scholarly journals Balanced Convolutional Neural Networks for Pneumoconiosis Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Chaofan Hao ◽  
Nan Jin ◽  
Cuijuan Qiu ◽  
Kun Ba ◽  
Xiaoxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Computer Aided Detection ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Costly Treatment ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Pneumoconiosis remains one of the most common and harmful occupational diseases in China, leading to huge economic losses to society with its high prevalence and costly treatment. Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis still strongly depends on the experience of radiologists, which affects rapid detection on large populations. Recent research focuses on computer-aided detection based on machine learning. These have achieved high accuracy, among which artificial neural network (ANN) shows excellent performance. However, due to imbalanced samples and lack of interpretability, wide utilization in clinical practice meets difficulty. To address these problems, we first establish a pneumoconiosis radiograph dataset, including both positive and negative samples. Second, deep convolutional diagnosis approaches are compared in pneumoconiosis detection, and a balanced training is adopted to promote recall. Comprehensive experiments conducted on this dataset demonstrate high accuracy (88.6%). Third, we explain diagnosis results by visualizing suspected opacities on pneumoconiosis radiographs, which could provide solid diagnostic reference for surgeons.

scholarly journals Application of insecticides in industrial animal breeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
A. P. Paliy ◽  
A. M. Mashkey ◽  
N. V. Sumakova ◽  
V. V. Gontar ◽  
A. P. Paliy
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Causative Agents

Entomoses of farm animals are widespread in the territory of Ukraine and cause significant economic losses to animal husbandry. It is established that the sick animals have reduced milk, meat and wool productivity, breeding qualities; weakened young animals, which are easily exposed to various diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology, are born. Among all modern methods and means for artificial reduction of the number of insects, the most effective is the chemical method. To protect animals from midges the most cost-effective is the spraying of animals with insecticides and repellents. The analysis of the presented literature data allows us to say that sufficiently large range of effective preparations of both domestic and foreign production is presented on the market of disinsection agents. However, it has been reported that resistance to insects has formed for most of them, some of the products are highly toxic to warm-blooded animals, and also they are quite expensive and their use is economically unjustified. Great scientific and practical importance has the development of modern methods of combating the causative agents of farm animal entomoses based on strict regulations for treatment-and-prophylactic means, which make it possible to reduce the number of parasites to an economically intangible level, prevent environmental pollution by pesticides, and obtain safe animal products of high sanitary quality. The insecticide market has a fairly large range of efficient products, both domestic and foreign, but most of them do not meet modern challenges and advanced livestock technologies. At the present stage of the disinfectology development, the search for new compositions of chemical compounds for disinsection in animal husbandry to combat harmful insects is promising

scholarly journals MONITORING OF CERVICAL CANCER CONTROL ACTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda Ferreira dos Anjos ◽  
Poliana Cardoso Martins ◽  
Nília Maria Brito de Lima Prado ◽  
Vanessa Moraes Bezerra ◽  
Patty Fidelis de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Region ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Health Strategy

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze factors associated with the monitoring of actions to control cervical cancer in the Family Health Strategy, in a health region of northeastern Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted from January to March 2019 by means of interviews with 241 physicians and nurses from the Family Health Teams of the Vitória da Conquista health region, Bahia, Brazil. Adequate monitoring was assessed by the degree of actions taken to promote, prevent and actively seek to control cervical cancer. Three blocks of variables were tested as explanatory: professional characterization and training; organization of the unit and access to cytopathological exam; and care coordination and integration. Poisson regression with robust variance was employed, adopting hierarchical entry of variables. Results: 51.9% (95% CI: 45.5-58.2) of the professionals performed adequate monitoring for the control of cervical cancer. Being a nurse, working in the municipality’s primary care network (≥2 years), disclosure of results collection through posters and other communication means, existence of a high-grade lesion, time to perform the biopsy ≤1 month, and agility in the release of the reports were elements associated to the outcome. Conclusion: even with the extended coverage of the Family Health Strategy, small municipalities in the Northeast have characteristics that impose obstacles to comprehensiveness, favoring the incidence of high-grade lesions and greater difficulty in the control of cervical cancer. Assessing the assistance quality in this level revealed challenges in the regionalized network.

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