The Cotton Jassid (Empoasca libyca, Berg.) in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and Experiments on its Control

1947 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Cowland
Keyword(s):  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
New Type ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Different Parts

Empoasca libyca is a major pest of cotton in the northern and western blocks of the Gezira Irrigated Scheme.Distribution of the species of the genus of Empoasca and Erythroneura lubiae is given, together with their food plants in the Sudan.Damage caused by E. libyca is noted; an experiment carried out in 1935/36 showed that Jassids were able to cause such symptoms.The life-cycle shows that the egg and nymphal stages are of short duration (8 days each) and followed by a long adult life (as long as 2 months) in which the female lays her eggs over a long period.A new type of cage was used and is figured.The effect of applications of Bordeaux mixture in reducing the Jassid population and amount of scorch is given as well as physiological data relating to the influence of spraying on different parts of the Jassid-infested cotton plants. It is shown that sprayed plants produced an appreciable increase in the number of green bolls formed and an increase of 11 per cent, in the weight of seed cotton per boll harvested. It is pointed out, however, that Bordeaux mixture has several disadvantages and other more suitable insecticides are being sought.No Sakel varieties as yet have shown resistance to Jassid attack.

Designing the Profile of a Student of a General Education School in the Context of the System-Activity and Outcome-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
V. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Education Development ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Modern School ◽  
New Type ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
Goals And Objectives

At present goals and objectives of the education development are associated with ensuring the global competitiveness of the Russian education in general and guaranteeing the entry of the Russian Federation into the top 10 countries in the world in terms of the quality of general education, in particular. To achieve these national goals and objectives aimed at the development of education, the purposeful activity of general education institutions is required. They should focus on the design of modern school models to transform them into a new type of schools that will be able to improve the quality of education and ensure the school graduates’ training and preparation for their future adult life in the context of sustainable technological changes in the production, economic and social spheres. The article presents the approaches used by the staff of the Educational Complex "Nasha Shkola" in Novosibirsk to the construction of the Student’s Profile as a target reference point for the educational content standard of the System "Nasha Shkola" in the context of the system-activity and outcome-based approaches. The paper also considers the list of universal competencies and literacy groups that are formed by the educational and technological environment of the school and allow creating conditions for the personal and professional success of each student.

On the Effects produced by the Attacks of the Pink Bollworm on the Yield of Cotton Seed and Lint in Egypt

1919 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Gipsy Moth ◽  
A Minor

The history of but few insects can be compared with that ofPectinophora(Geleckia)gossypiella, which, having started as a minor pest in its native country and having been transported by human agency to a new country, has there suddenly leapt to the most important position as a major pest of the crop it attacks. In this respect it may be placed with thePhylloxeraand the gipsy moth.Although the chief object of this paper is to consider certain aspects of the damage done by the pink bollworm to the cotton crop, the following short summary of the established facts concerning the life-history of the insect may be useful to readers not familiar with its habits.Food-Plants. The pink bollworm feeds on cotton (Gossypium, various species), okra (Hibiscus esculentus; Arabic :bamia; Hindustani :bhindi), Deccan hemp (Hibiscus cannabinus; Arabic :til), hollyhock (Althaea rosea), mallow (Malvasp., probablysilvestris),Thespesia populnea(fideFullaway ; this record is considered doubtful by Busck), andAbutilonsp. (Arabic :hanbuk;fideKing).It will be noticed that all these plants belong to the Malvaceae. The record for pomegranates given by Dudgeon and Gough is without doubt due to error.Of all these food-plants cotton is preferred. The larvae attack the stems (feeding in the cambium and boring a tunnel which encircles the stem), flowers, flower-buds, bolls and seeds.

scholarly journals Role of mineral nutrition in alleviation of heat stress in cotton plants grown in glasshouse and field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem ◽  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Cotton Plants

Abstract Coincidence of high temperature with terminal reproductive pheno-stages of cotton is chief constraint to achieve yield potential. This high temperature interfere plant defensive system, physiological process, water relations and lint yield production. In this study, we modulated the detrimental outcomes of heat stress on cotton through the foliar spray of nutrients. Cotton crop was exposed to sub-optimal and supra-optimal thermal regimes for a period of one week at squaring, flowering and boll formation stages under glass house and field conditions. Foliar spray of potassium (K-1.5%), zinc (Zn-0.2%) and boron (B-0.1%) were applied at three reproductive stages one day prior to expose high temperature regimes. High temperature increased lipid membrane damage through increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in cotton leaves. High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant. Various nutrients variably influenced growth and physiology of heat-stressed cotton plants. Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant. For example, zinc improved seed cotton yield under supra-optimal thermal regime by 17% and under sub-optimal thermal regime by 12% of glasshouse study while 19% under high temperature sowing dates of field study than the water treated plants under the same temperatures. Conclusively, increasing intensities of temperature adversely affected the recorded responses of cotton and exogenous application of Zn efficaciously alleviated heat induced perturbations. Moreover, exogenous nutrients mediated upregulations in physiochemical attributes induced heat tolerance at morphological level.

Glucose homeostasis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis during development in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E601-E613 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Widmaier
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Definition Of

Glucoprivation represents a model stress in which activation of different stress responses at different ages can be monitored both in vivo and in vitro. Physiological data indicate rat brain contains a liver/pancreas-type glucose sensor, yet no biochemical or immunocytochemical evidence exists for such a sensor. Young rats appear to lack normal hypothalamic glucose-sensing ability and do not show typical secretory patterns of corticotropin-releasing factor, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or corticosterone after experimentally induced glucoprivation. However, they hypersecrete catecholamines and glucagon (compared with adults) and thrive on fuel sources other than glucose that are abundant after birth. High steroid levels during the first 24 h after birth may be critical for inducing gluconeogenic enzymes and promoting differentiation of tissues like pancreas. Neonatal rats also have unique control systems to combat the damaging effects of other stresses like hypoxia; these systems may disappear in adults. Thus the definition of stress may change during development, and the compensatory mechanisms employed to combat stress change from neonatal to adult life and are intricately related to the metabolic needs of the animal.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juerg E. Frey ◽  
Beatrice Frey ◽  
Robert Baur
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Swede Midge ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEarly detection of pest infestation is a prerequisite for sustainable crop protection. However, many pest species are difficult to detect and thus infestation is diagnosed from damage observed on the respective crop. This diagnosis is often made too late for implementation of crop protection measures, and serious crop losses may result. The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer, is a major pest of Brassica L. (Brassicaceae) vegetables in Europe that has recently invaded North America. With its small size and short adult life-span, and the cryptic lifestyle of the larvae feeding at the growing points of its host plants, it is usually detected only after damage has already occurred. Furthermore, because field-trapped specimens are rarely fully intact, it is extremely difficult to identify. Therefore, we developed a species-specific molecular diagnostic method that enables reliable identification of swede midge from various sources such as alcohol or sticky glue traps. The method enables large-scale screening of field-trapped specimens and is used to evaluate the attractiveness and specificity of pheromone traps that are currently under development.

THE INFLUENCE OF WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION OF HELIOTHIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) EGGS ON OVICIDE EFFICACY IN COTTON1

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Farrar ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Different Parts

The influence of within-plant distribution of Heliothis zea (Boddie) eggs on ovicide efficacy in cotton was investigated. Eggs were placed on different parts of cotton plants in the field, and an ovicide was applied as a broadcast spray. Eggs in more sheltered sites and lower on the plants suffered significantly lower mortality. Similar results were obtained using both methomyl and chlordimeform.

scholarly journals Inoculum Densities of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Meloidogyne incognita in Relation to the Development of Fusarium Wilt and the Phenology of Cotton Plants (Gossypium hirsutum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. DeVay ◽  
A. P. Gutierrez ◽  
G. S. Pullman ◽  
R. J. Wakeman ◽  
R. H. Garber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
T Values

Development of Fusarium wilt in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) usually requires infections of plants by both Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. In this study, the soil densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and the incidence of Fusarium wilt in three field sites were determined in 1982-1984. Multiple regression analysis of percent incidence of Fusarium wilt symptoms on population densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum yielded a significant fit (R 2 = 0.64) only on F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Significant t-values for slope were also obtained for the interaction of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, but densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were also related on a log10 scale. The physiological time of appearance of first foliar symptoms of Fusarium wilt, based on a degree-days threshold of 11.9°C (53.5°F), was used as a basis for determining disease progress curves and the phenology of cotton plant growth and development. Effects of Fusarium wilt on plant height and boll set were determined in three successive years. Increases in both of these plant characteristics decreased or stopped before foliar symptoms were apparent. Seed cotton yields of plant cohorts that developed foliar wilt symptoms early in the season (before 2,000 F degree-days) were variable but not much different in these years. This contrasted with cohorts of plants that first showed foliar symptoms late in the season (after 2,400 F degree-days) and cohorts of plants that showed no foliar symptoms of wilt. Regression analyses for 1982-1984 indicated moderate to weak correlations (r = 0.16–0.74) of the time of appearance of the first foliar symptoms and seed cotton yields.

Utilization of TETRA Networks for Health Information Transfer

2010 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Konstantinos M. Siassiakos ◽  
Konstantinos Ioannou ◽  
Athina A. Lazakidou
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
New Type

Rapid advances in information technology and wireless communications are leading to the emergence of a new type of information infrastructure that has the potential of supporting an array of advanced services for healthcare. Today’s healthcare professionals need to be connected to the network always. Continuous connectivity is the watchword of these demanding users, who need to communicate over the network seamlessly and stay connected everywhere in emergency cases. TETRA technology provides several ways of protecting the privacy and security of communication, such as authentication, air interface encryption and end-to-end encryption. Using a TETRA network can benefit not only ambulance crews, but also medical personnel at remote locations. Even though doctors are rarely present in ambulances, they can use the transmitted medical data to make a formal diagnosis, enabling treatment to be started and saving several critical minutes before arrival at the hospital. The objective of this chapter is to study how simply can a healthcare professional collect physiological data from mobile and/or remote patients and how securely and reliably health information can be transferred from emergency places to hospitals through a TETRA network.

Illustrated accounts of coccinellid predators of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) on mulberry in India, with description of a new species of Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from West Bengal

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4382 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. POORANI ◽  
N. LALITHA
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Pink Hibiscus Mealybug ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), is a major pest of mulberry (Morus alba L.), the sole host of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.), which is a source of livelihood to millions of sericulture farmers in India. Several predators, mainly Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), have been reported to feed on M. hirsutus on mulberry. Coccinellid predators of M. hirsutus collected on mulberry from different parts of India are illustrated here with brief diagnostic notes to facilitate their identification. An account of mycophagous species of coccinellids commonly found on mulberry and misreported as predators of mulberry pests is also given with illustrations. Scymnus (Pullus) latifolius sp. nov., a promising predator of M. hirsutus, hitherto misidentified and reported as Scymnus pallidicollis Mulsant, is described and illustrated from West Bengal, India, with detailed biological notes. Keiscymnus taiwanensis Yang & Wu, 1972 is reduced to a new junior synonym of Scymnus pallidicollis Mulsant, 1853 (syn. nov.). Illeis bielawskii Ghorpade, 1976 is found to be a valid species and removed from synonymy with I. bistigmosa Mulsant, 1850 (stat. rev.). 

scholarly journals Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage Treatment Plants between January 2020 and July 2021 in Taiwan

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Wei-Lun Huang ◽  
Wen-Bin Fann ◽  
Rong-Jun Shen ◽  
Yi Chu ◽  
Jyh-Yuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Different Parts

An outbreak of a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, and it later spread to other areas of China and around the world. Taiwan reported the first confirmed case from an individual who returned from Wuhan, China, in January 2020 for Chinese New Year. Monitoring microbes in environmental sewage is an important epidemiological indicator, especially for pathogens that can be shed in feces such as poliovirus. We have conducted additional SARS-CoV-2 sewage testing since January 2020 using a well-established poliovirus environmental sewage surveillance system in Taiwan. Wastewater samples were collected from 11 sewage treatment plants from different parts of Taiwan twice a month for laboratory testing. By the end of July 2021, 397 wastewater specimens had been tested, and two samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. These two wastewater samples were collected in the northern region of Taiwan from Taipei (site A) and New Taipei City (site C) at the beginning of June 2021. This result is consistent with the significant increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases observed in the same period of time. As the pandemic ebbed after June, the wastewater samples in these areas also tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in July 2021.

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