Population genetic differentiation of the black locust gall midge Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): a North American pest invading Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Shang ◽  
Y. Yao ◽  
W. Huai ◽  
W. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation

AbstractObolodiplosis robiniae is native to North America and is an important introduced insect pest that forms leaf margin roll galls on species of genus Robinia (Fabaceae) in China. It was first detected in China in 2004, but subsequently spread and provoked local outbreaks. An analysis of a 676-bp sequence of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I was conducted in 560 individuals from 28 populations, in order to (1) assess population genetic structuring and (2) explore possible explanations for the rapid spread and invasion success of O. robiniae. Yet, only four haplotypes were identified and the nucleotide diversity was low (π = 0.00005) and among the 560 specimens studied, only ten showed haplotypic variation involving no more than three substitutions. The result showed a low degree of genetic diversity among populations of the successful invasive gall midge, which suggested that the pest experienced a severe genetic bottleneck and a loss of genetic diversity after its introduction. The successful establishment and spread of O. robiniae in China is attributed to the wide distribution of its host plant, thus allowing ample opportunities for gene flow in the pest species, and to the advantageous life history characteristics of O. robiniae.

Population genetics and conservation of the critically endangered Clematis acerifolia (Ranunculaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. López-Pujol ◽  
F.-M. Zhang ◽  
S. Ge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Term Storage

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to evaluate the levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the critically endangered Clematis acerifolia Maximowicz (Ranunculaceae), a narrow endemic species in China. On the basis of variation at 19 putative loci in nine populations covering the entire distribution of this species, low values of genetic diversity were detected (P = 20.5%, A = 1.27, and He = 0.072). A significant deficiency of heterozygotes was found in all populations. Most loci showed deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, probably as a result of population genetic structuring. The high genetic divergence among populations (FST = 0.273) can be interpreted as an effect of the extinction of local populations and genetic drift within extant populations, and has probably been enhanced by habitat fragmentation in recent decades. Threats to this species are mainly anthropogenic (road works, construction of holiday resorts, and extraction activities), although stochastic risks cannot be ignored. Therefore, to preserve extant genetic variation of C. acerifolia, in situ strategies, such as the preservation of its habitat or at least the most diverse populations, and ex situ measures, such as the collection and long-term storage of seeds, should be adopted.

Population genetic structure and genetic diversity of soybean aphid collections from the USA, South Korea, and Japan

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Hwan Jun ◽  
Andrew P. Michel ◽  
Jacob A. Wenger ◽  
Sung-Taeg Kang ◽  
M.A. Rouf Mian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
The Usa

Following its recent invasion of North America, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has become the number one insect pest of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in the north central states of the USA. A few studies have been conducted on the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the soybean aphid and the source of its invasion in North America. Molecular markers, such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are very useful in the evaluation of population structure and genetic diversity. We used 18 SSR markers to assess the genetic diversity of soybean aphid collections from the USA, South Korea, and Japan. The aphids were collected from two sites in the USA (Indiana and South Dakota), two sites in South Korea (Yeonggwang district and Cheonan city), and one site in Japan (Utsunomiya). The SSR markers were highly effective in differentiating among aphid collections from different countries. The level of differentiation within each population and among populations from the same country was limited, even in the case of the USA where the two collection sites were more than 1200 km apart.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Terapon jarbua (Forskål, 1775) (Teleostei, Terapontidae) in Malaysian waters

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyama Sundari Devi Chanthran ◽  
Phaik-Eem Lim ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Te-Yu Liao ◽  
Sze-Wan Poong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Stock Management ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Mtdna Coi

A background study is important for the conservation and stock management of a species. Terapon jarbua is a coastal Indo-Pacific species, sourced for human consumption. This study examined 134 samples from the central west and east coasts of Peninsular (West) Malaysia and East Malaysia. A 1446-bp concatenated dataset of mtDNA COI and Cyt b sequences was used in this study and 83 haplotypes were identified, of which 79 are unique haplotypes and four are shared haplotypes. Populations of T. jarbua in Malaysia are genetically heterogenous as shown by the high level of haplotype diversity ranging from 0.9167–0.9952, low nucleotide diversity ranging from 0.0288–0.3434, and high FST values (within population genetic variation). Population genetic structuring is not distinct as shown by the shared haplotypes between geographic populations and mixtures of haplotypes from different populations within the same genetic cluster. The gene flow patterns and population structuring observed among these regions are likely attributed to geographical distance, past historical events, allopatric speciation, dispersal ability and water currents. For instance, the mixture of haplotypes revealed an extraordinary migration ability of T. jarbua (>1200 km) via ancient river connectivity. The negative overall value of the neutrality test and a non-significant mismatch distribution are consistent with demographic expansion(s) in the past. The median-joining network concurred with the maximum likelihood haplotype tree with three major clades resolved. The scarcity of information on this species is an obstacle for future management and conservation purposes. Hence, this study aims to contribute information on the population structure, genetic diversity, and historical demography of T. jarbua in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Population differentiation and gene flow in Rrodium cicutarium: A potential medicinal plant

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaocheng Jia ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Shahram Mehri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Assignment Test ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Irap Markers ◽  
Geographical Populations

Erodium (Geranaiceae) species are distributed in different habitats of Iran. Some species are of medicinal importance while some are well known weeds. In arid and semi-arid regions, E. cicutarium has had some importance as a forage plant and is an important grazing plant and source of protein supplements to straw for ruminants in semi deserts and wastelands of the Middle East. There is no information on its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and morphological variability in Iran. Due to the medicinal importance of this species, a genetic variability and populations? structure study is performed studying 15 geographical populations of E. cicutarium Therefore, we used six inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and 15 combined IRAP markers to reveal within and among population genetic diversity in this plant. AMOVA test produced significant genetic difference (PhiPT = 0.39, P = 0.010) among the studied populations and also revealed that, 55% of total genetic variability was due to within population diversity while, 45% was due to among population genetic differentiation. Mantel test showed positive significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. Networking, STRUCTURE analyses and population assignment test revealed some degree of gene flow among these populations. PCoA plot of populations based on morphological characters was in agreement with MDS plot of molecular data. These results indicated that geographical populations of E. cicutarium are well differentiated both in genetic content as well as morphological characteristics. Consensus tree based on morphological and genetic data separated some of these populations from the others suggesting the existence of ecotypes within this species.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of the Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) in Ireland: implications for conservation management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Reyne ◽  
Kara Dicks ◽  
Claire McFarlane ◽  
Aurélie Aubry ◽  
Mark Emmerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Epidalea Calamita

AbstractMolecular methods can play a crucial role in species management and conservation. Despite the usefulness of genetic approaches, they are often not explicitly included as part of species recovery plans and conservation practises. The Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) is regionally Red-Listed as Endangered in Ireland. The species is declining and is now present at just seven sites within a highly restricted range. This study used 13 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers to analyse the population genetic diversity and structure. Genetic diversity was high with expected heterozygosity between 0.55 and 0.61 and allelic richness between 4.77 and 5.92. Effective population sizes were small (Ne < 100 individuals), but not abnormal for pond breeding amphibians. However, there was no evidence of historical or contemporary genetic bottlenecks or high levels of inbreeding. We identified a positive relationship between Ne and breeding pond surface area, suggesting that environmental factors are a key determinant of population size. Significant genetic structuring was detected throughout the species’ range, and we identified four genetic entities that should be considered in the species’ conservation strategies. Management should focus on preventing further population declines and future loss of genetic diversity overall and within genetic entities while maintaining adequate local effective population size through site-specific protection, human-mediated translocations and head-start programs. The apparent high levels of genetic variation give hope for the conservation of Ireland’s rarest amphibian if appropriately protected and managed.

Genetic diversity and structure of the threatened anti-cancerous plantNothapodytes nimmonianaas revealed by ISSR analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Abdul Kareem ◽  
P. E. Rajasekharan ◽  
S. Mini ◽  
T. Vasantha Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Western Ghats Of India

Inter simple sequence repeat markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population genetic structure in 12 populations ofNothapodytes nimmonianafrom Western Ghats of India. A total of 16 selected primers produced 103 discernible bands, with 76 (73.7%) being polymorphic. The Nei's gene diversity (h) ranged from 0.1166 to 0.2124, with an average of 0.1518 at the population level and 0.2965 at the species level indicating high genetic diversity. The Shannon's index (I) was estimated to be 0.2189 within populations (range 0.1703–0.2947) and 0.4352 at the species level. The analysis of molecular variance showed that the genetic variation was found mainly within populations (73%), but variance among populations was only 27% and its value, ΦPT = 0.271,P < 0.001, implied that high genetic differentiation among populations. In addition, Nei's differentiation coefficient (GST) was found to be high (0.4882) and the gene flow (Nm) was low (0.5242), confirming the high population genetic differentiation. The unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average clustering elicited similar results. Based on this, we propose conservation strategy for this plant species.

Unangan (Aleut) Migrations

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Michael H. Crawford ◽  
Sarah Alden ◽  
Randy E. David ◽  
Kristine Beaty
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Barriers ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

There were diverse causes and demographic and evolutionary consequences of migration of the Unangan (a.k.a. Aleut) people in their expansion from Siberia through the Aleutian archipelago. The causes included subsistence patterns, volcanic eruptions that destroyed island econiches, climatic changes that calmed the seas and made interisland migrations possible, and cultural contacts as well as forcible relocations. The consequences of the migrations included an intimate relationship between genetics, as revealed by mitochondrial DNA, and geography; loss of genetic diversity due to population fission along kin groups; creation of genetic barriers due to periodic climatic limitations to migrations; population genetic differentiation due to kin migration and founder effect; and admixture with Russian administrators and military in the western and central islands and with fishermen of English and Scandinavian ancestry in the eastern islands.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Endangered Indian Catfish, Clarias magur as Revealed by mtDNA D-loop Marker

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Lakshman Sahoo ◽  
Ashoktaru Barat ◽  
Sangram Ketan Sahoo ◽  
Bismay Sahoo ◽  
Gargee Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
D Loop

Clarias magur, popularly known as magur, is one of the economically important catfish species having high aquaculture potential in India due to its efficient food conversion, taste, and nutritional benefits. Due to habitat degradation, over exploitation, lack of resources, indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides and introduction of competitor exotic species, the wild populations are dwindling day by day. According to IUCN, it is listed as endangered species. In the present study, the population genetic structure of 206 magur samples collected from seven different geographical regions was examined using partial mitochondrial D-loop (control region) sequence variation. In total of 17 haplotypes were observed with high number of private alleles, number of haplotypes ranged from 2 to 6 and maximum number of haplotypes was observed in UP population. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.06897 to 0.76322 and 0.00019 to 0.00208, respectively. Pairwise FST values ranged from 0.01383 to 0.62069 and highest genetic differentiation was observed between AP and AS population. Low genetic diversity and significant population genetic differentiation was observed in the present study. The information generated in the present investigation would facilitate formulating appropriate strategy for management, conservation, and genetic improvement program of this commercially important aquaculture species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document