Frass produced by the primary pest Rhyzopertha dominica supports the population growth of the secondary stored product pests Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum, and T. confusum

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Shah ◽  
T. Vendl ◽  
R. Aulicky ◽  
V. Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Food Medium ◽  
First Time

Abstract Primary pests such as Rhyzoperta dominica may increase the contents of dockage, dust, and frass in grain mass. Although it has been suggested that frass can affect the population growth of stored product pests and ecological interactions among primary and secondary pests in stored grain, this has not been validated experimentally. Therefore, this work experimentally tested the hypothesis that R. dominica wheat frass may support population increases in secondary pests such as Tribolium confusum, T. castaneum, and Oryzaephilus surinamensis for the first time. The effect of frass on secondary pest performance was compared with the effects of various physical qualities of wheat grain (i.e., intact grain kernels, grain fragments, flour, grain + frass) and an artificially enriched control diet (milled wheat kernels, oat flakes, and yeast). The results showed that the clean intact grain kernels did not support the population growth of any tested species, and the nutrient-rich control diet provided the best support. Frass was a significantly better food medium for O. surinamensis and T. castaneum than flour or cracked grain, while T. confusum performed equally well on flour and frass. Our results showed that in terms of food quality and suitability for the tested species, frass occupied an intermediate position between the optimized breeding diet and simple uniform cereal diets such as cracked grain or flour. The results suggest that (i) the wheat frass of primary pest R. dominica is a riskier food source for the development of the tested secondary pests than intact or cracked wheat grain or flour; (ii) frass has the potential to positively influence interspecific interactions between R. dominica and the tested secondary pests; and (iii) wheat grain should be cleaned if increases in R. dominica populations and/or accumulated frass are detected.

scholarly journals Survival over the winter of Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in hot spots caused by improper grain storage technology: the first record in the Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stejskal ◽  
J. Zuska ◽  
P. Werner ◽  
Z. Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
First Record ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
First Time

The survival of dense populations of Rhyzopertha dominica in stored grain hot spots in the Czech Republic during winter months was documented for the first time. Improper storage of grain causes subsurface hot zones, which seem to provide conditions for pest overwintering and become the source of subsequent cross infestations. 

scholarly journals Efficacy Assessment of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on Stored Grain Insects and Their Impacts on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Ali A. Badawy ◽  
Nilly A. H. Abdelfattah ◽  
Salem S. Salem ◽  
Mohamed F. Awad ◽  
Amr Fouda
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir

Herein, CuO-NPs were fabricated by harnessing metabolites of Aspergillus niger strain (G3-1) and characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and XPS. Spherical, crystallographic CuO-NPs were synthesized in sizes ranging from 14.0 to 47.4 nm, as indicated by TEM and XRD. EDX and XPS confirmed the presence of Cu and O with weight percentages of 62.96% and 22.93%, respectively, at varied bending energies. FT-IR spectra identified functional groups of metabolites that could act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents to the CuO-NPs. The insecticidal activity of CuO-NPs against wheat grain insects Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica was dose- and time-dependent. The mortality percentages due to NP treatment were 55–94.4% (S. granarius) and 70–90% (R. dominica). A botanical experiment was done in a randomized block design. Low CuO-NP concentration (50 ppm) caused significant increases in growth characteristics (shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and leaves number), photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), and antioxidant enzymes of wheat plants. There was no significant change in carbohydrate or protein content. The use of CuO-NPs is a promising tool to control grain insects and enhance wheat growth performance.

scholarly journals Productivity, pathogenicity, host range, and spore mass-propagation of local strain of Mattesia sp. isolated from insect cadavers of certain stored grain pests in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Ahmed Alfazairy ◽  
Yasien Mohamed Gamal Zedan El-Abed ◽  
Hanan Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Hedaya Hamza Karam
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Spore Yield ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Spore Mass

AbstractAverage yields of Mattesia spores (spore productivity) had varied from a minimum yield (0.17 × 107 spores) for Laemophloeus turcicus adult to a maximum yield (7.46 × 107 spores) for Plodia interpunctella larva. Comparatively, the highest increase in Mattesia spore yield, recorded from P. interpunctella larva (7.46 × 107 spores) over the lowest one, estimated for L. turcicus adult (0.17 × 107 spores), was nearly 44-fold. The increase in Mattesia spore yields that calculated from the other hosts (P. interpunctella pupa or moth; Galleria mellonella larva; Rhyzopertha dominica adult; Sitophilus zeamais), over that estimated for L. turcicus adult, was less than 10-fold (6–9-fold). Based on the weight of 1 g of the insect host infected with Mattesia sp., small stored grain insect hosts (e.g. L. turcicus, S. zeamais, and R. dominica) seemed to achieve Mattesia spore yields more than the larger ones (e.g. P. interpunctella). The increase in spore yields over that used for the inoculum, based on an average of 25 P. interpunctella larvae per bioassay container, was ca. 2 to 31-fold. These results revealed that the Indianmeal moth, P. interpunctella, could serve as a potential host for mass propagating the isolated entomopathogenic protozoan, Mattesia sp. Besides Mattesia larval mortality, survivors of Mattesia infection suffered deformities and noticeable undersized pupae or adults than the control ones. Also, many copulated moths (ca.46%) were unable to become separated after copulation until they had died. Bioassay of siftings, obtained from L. turcicus-protozoan-infected stock cultures, was carried out in order to emphasize the suppressive potent role of such protozoan entomopathogens in long-term storage. With the highest tested concentration of the studied siftings (10%), mortality responses due to Mattesia infection ranged from 13 to 68% at 14–169 days post-treatment. The corresponding figures for Adelina infection were 7–42%.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE MERCHANT GRAIN BEETLE, ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR (SILVANIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN CANADA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Loschiavo ◽  
L. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Oryzaephilus Mercator

AbstractA national survey shows that the merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator Fauvel, has been present in Canada since at least 1925 and that it has become firmly established as a household pest of processed cereal products preferably of high oil content, but has not been reported from stored grain. A related species, the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), infests both stored grain and processed cereal products. Illustrations are provided to show the morphological characters by which the two species may be recognized and separated.

scholarly journals Translational modeling of non-traumatic raised intracranial pressure in rodents; the impact of diet-induced obesity on cephalic hypersensitivity and retinal degeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connar Stanley James Westgate ◽  
Snorre Malm Hagen ◽  
Ida Marchen Egerod Israelsen ◽  
Steffen Ellitsgaard Hamann ◽  
Rigmor Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Icp Recording ◽  
Translational Modeling

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a feature of critical cerebral disorders. Obesity has been linked to raised ICP, and especially to disorders such as idiopathic intracranial pressure (IIH). We aimed to explore the impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on ICP, cephalic sensitivity and structural retinal changes with the dual goal of developing a disease model for non-traumatic raised ICP and IIH. Rats were fed high-fat diet or matched control diet. To assess pain sensitivity, Von Frey and light/dark box testing were performed. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning was used to measure body composition. Optic nerve head and retinal structures were evaluated using optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure was assessed. Rats were then implanted with telemetric device for continuous ICP recording. At the end, eye histology and molecular analysis on choroid plexus (CP) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) were performed. The DIO rats had double the abdominal fat mass. ICP was 55% higher in obese rats (p=0.003). Altered pain thresholds were found in DIO rats as denoted by a lower periorbital threshold (p=0.0002). Expression of Calca and Trpv1 was elevated in TG. Furthermore, a peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer swelling (p=0.0026) with subsequent neuroretinal degeneration p=0.02) was detected in DIO rats. There was a trend to increased expression of AQP1 and NKCC1 at CP. This study demonstrates for the first time that DIO leads to raised ICP, with clinically relevant sequalae. Our novel model for non-traumatic raised ICP could expand the knowledge regarding disorders with elevated ICP and IIH.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Differences in Hydrocarbons Between Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with GC-MS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Direct Immersion

Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from the harmful effects of pesticides. The main components of the cuticular lipids are hydrocarbon compounds. In this research, phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of two main stored-grain insects, T. castaneum and R. dominica, were tested to determine the possible role of their cuticular hydrocarbons in phosphine resistance. Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to extract and analyze the cuticular hydrocarbons. The results showed significant differences between the resistant and susceptible strains regarding the cuticular hydrocarbons that were investigated. The resistant insects of both species contained higher amounts than the susceptible insects for the majority of the hydrocarbons, sixteen from cuticular extraction and nineteen from the homogenized body extraction for T. castaneum and eighteen from cuticular extraction and twenty-one from the homogenized body extraction for R. dominica. 3-methylnonacosane and 2-methylheptacosane had the highest significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of T. castaneum from the cuticle and the homogenized body, respectively. Unknown5 from the cuticle and 3-methylhentriacontane from the homogenized body recorded the highest significant differences in R. dominica. The higher hydrocarbon content is a key factor in eliminating phosphine from entering resistant insect bodies, acting as a barrier between insects and the surrounding phosphine environment.

scholarly journals The toxicity of bean flour (Phaseolus vulgaris) to stored-product mites (Acari: Acaridida)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hubert ◽  
M. Němcová ◽  
G. Aspaly ◽  
V. Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Storage Mites ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Stored Product Mites ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Bean Flour

Legume proteins were shown to have insecticidal activity against stored-product pests. Grain enriched by bean (<I>Phaseolus vulgaris</I>) flour inhibits the growth of stored-product mites. In this study, we tested the toxicity of bean flour to storage mites under optimal conditions for their population growth (i.e. rearing diet, temperature: 25C and humidity optimum: 85% RH). Bean flour was added&nbsp; to the diet in one of eight concentrations: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10%). The population growth of <I>Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro </I>and <I>Aleuroglyphus ovatus </I>initiating from a density of 50 mites per 0.2 g of diet was recorded for 21 days. The enrichment of grain with bean flour suppressed the population growth of the tested species. These differed in their sensitivity to bean flour. Population growth was decreased to 50% in comparison to the control (rC<SUB>50</SUB>) by the bean flour concentration of 0.02% in <I>T. putrescentiae, </I>0.04% in<I>&nbsp; A. siro, </I>and by<I> </I>4.87% in <I>A. ovatus. </I>&nbsp;The concentration of 5% bean flour in diets kept populations of <I>A. siro </I>and <I>T. putrescentiae</I><I> </I>at the initial level. The results are discussed in the context of applying bean flour in the integrated control of stored-product mites.

scholarly journals The effect of choline and cystine on the utilisation of methionine for protein accretion, remethylation and trans-sulfuration in juvenile shrimp Penaeus monodon

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenaïg Richard ◽  
Christiane Vachot ◽  
Anne Surget ◽  
Vincent Rigolet ◽  
Sadasivam J. Kaushik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Betaine Homocysteine Methyltransferase ◽  
First Time ◽  
Juvenile Shrimp ◽  
Homocysteine Methyltransferase

This 35-d feeding experiment examined in juvenile shrimp Penaeus monodon (3·3 g initial body weight) the effects of methionine (Met), choline and cystine on protein accretion and the activity of two key enzymes of remethylation (betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase; BHMT) and trans-sulfuration (cystathionine β-synthase; CBS). The interaction between Met and choline was tested using semi-purified diets either adequate or limiting (30 or 50 %) in total sulphur amino acid (SAA) content with a constant cystine:Met ratio. The diets contained either basal or excess choline (3 v. 7 g/kg feed). Cystine was added to two other 30 and 50 % Met-limiting diets to adjust the SAA supply to that of the control diet in order to evaluate the interaction between Met and cystine. As expected, N accretion was significantly lower with the SAA-limiting diets but increased back to control levels by the extra choline or cystine, demonstrating their sparing effect on Met utilisation for protein accretion. We show, for the first time, the activities of BHMT and CBS in shrimp hepatopancreas. Only BHMT responded to the SAA deficiencies, whereas the extra choline and cystine did not stimulate remethylation or down-regulate trans-sulfuration. Our data also suggest the capacity of P. monodon to synthesise taurine, being significantly affected by the cystine level in the 30 % SAA-limiting diets. Further research is warranted to better understand the metabolic regulation of taurine synthesis in shrimp and of the observed Met-sparing effects.

The effect of aeration on the vertical distribution of grain beetles (Coleoptera) in wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Armitage ◽  
P. G. Day ◽  
G. J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

AbstractIn order to see if aeration causes grain beetles to become peripherally distributed in bulks of grain, the positions of adults were recorded 7–10 days after they had been placed in the middle of vertical columns of wheat 1200 mm long and 80 mm in diameter. The columns were held at 10 or 25°C, and a downward current of air was passed through half of them. At 10°C, there were more adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) at the ends and fewer at the centre of aerated than unaerated tubes when a high airflow was used, and at 25°C, a similar difference occurred when aeration caused cooling, dampening or drying of the grain. Dampening at 10°C and drying at 25°C caused there to be fewer adults of Sitophilus granarius (L.) at the ends and more at the centre of aerated than unaerated tubes. However, vibration at 10°C encouraged the dispersion of weevils. Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) scarcely moved at 10 or 25°C under either aerated or unaerated conditions.

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