DISTRIBUTED LEDGERS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE PURPOSE OF THE CORPORATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-458
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Normative Conception ◽  
Human Management ◽  
Reducing Costs

AbstractDistributed ledgers and blockchain technology are widely expected to promote more direct shareholder involvement in corporate governance by reducing costs of voting and trade clearance. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence may shrink the decision-making terrain where corporations rely on human management. This article analyses these technologies and concludes that, while such outcomes are plausible, their potential corporate governance impacts are likely more complex and contingent. Despite the implicit libertarianism that characterises much of the discourse, we in fact have choices to make about how such technologies are developed and deployed – and these policy decisions will have to be grounded in a normative conception of corporate purpose external to the technology itself.

scholarly journals Digital leadership: State governance in the era of digital technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 209660832198983
Author(s):  
Bo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Digital Implementation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
State Governance ◽  
Daunting Challenge

The rise of digital technology, as represented by artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, cloud computing, big data, edge computing and 5G, is not only leading a new round of economic and industrial transformation, but also reshaping society and fundamentally transforming state governance. In retrospect, almost every recent catastrophe in China has been followed by substantial advances in the Chinese internet. While the COVID-19 pandemic poses a daunting challenge for the country, it has provided an opportunity for digital technology to be deployed in the fight against it. After COVID-19, it will be important to establish a model of governance that is compatible with digital technology, so a government with digital leadership will be a standard component of a digital society. Digital leadership and state capacity are theoretically based on the same foundation. Both are organic bodies supported by digital insights, digital decision-making, digital implementation and digital guidance, with digital thinking as the basis. All aspects collaborate throughout the process of state governance to assist its modernisation. Digital competence, platforms, government and talent should be improved as part of digital leadership.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY AND LAW: CHALLENGES OF OUR TIME

2020 ◽  
pp. 524-549
Author(s):  
Y. S. Kharitonova ◽  
◽  
V. S. Savina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Original Result ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

Introduction: the article deals with the issues concerning the protection of the rights to digital content created with the use of artificial intelligence technology and neural networks. This topic is becoming increasingly important with the development of the technologies and the expansion of their application in various areas of life. The problems of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of developers have come to the fore in intellectual property law. With the help of intelligent systems, there can be created not only legally protectable content but also other data, relations about which are also subject to protection. In this regard, of particular importance are the issues concerning the standardization of requirements for procedures and means of storing big data used in the development, testing and operation of artificial intelligence systems, as well as the use of blockchain technology. Purpose: based on an analysis of Russian and foreign scientific sources, to form an idea of the areas of legal regulation and the prospects for the application of artificial intelligence technology from a legal perspective. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; special scientific methods (legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms). Results: analysis of the practice of using artificial intelligence systems has shown that today intelligent algorithms include a variety of technologies that are based on or related to intelligent systems, but not always fall under the concept of classical artificial intelligence. Strictly speaking, classic artificial intelligence is only one of the intelligent system technologies. The results created by autonomous artificial intelligence have features of works. At the same time, there are some issues of a public law nature that require resolution: obtaining consent to data processing from the subjects of this data, determining the legal personality of these persons, establishing legal liability in connection with the unfair use of data obtained for decision-making. Standardization in the sphere and application of blockchain technology could help in resolving these issues. Conclusions: in connection with the identified and constantly changing composition of high technologies that fall under the definition of artificial intelligence, there arise various issues, which can be divided into some groups. A number of issues of legal regulation in this area have already been resolved and are no longer of relevance for advanced legal science (legal personality of artificial intelligence technology); some issues can be resolved using existing legal mechanisms (analysis of personal data and other information in course of applying computational intelligence technology for decision-making); some other issues require new approaches from legal science (development of a sui generis legal regime for the results of artificial intelligence technology, provided that the original result is obtained).

scholarly journals Legal forms and ways of application of artificial intelligence technology in making corporate decisions by the board of directors: problems and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Olga Sushkova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Corporate Decisions ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of scientific and technological advances and adaptation of artificial intelligence on corporate governance practices. It applies or can be applied in three dimensions - business, technology, and society. Therefore, to assess the necessity, feasibility, effectiveness, and responsibility of decision-making automation at the Board of Directors (supervisory body of a legal entity) to ensure effective corporate governance, it is necessary to consider all normative regulators in the field of corporate law. Based on an assessment of the potential and limitations of human and machine learning for effective decision-making at the level of the collegial governance body, the Board of Directors, the paper proposes five AI-based governance scenarios, i.e., supportive, augmented, enhanced, autonomous, and autopoietic, that can shape the governance of organizations today, tomorrow, and in the future. It is important to understand the implications of such AI-enabled governance in the areas where the Board is empowered to make certain corporate decisions.

scholarly journals Examining the use of artificial intelligence in recruitment processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ugur Karaboga ◽  
Pelin Vardarlier
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Incorrect Decision ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Resources Managers ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
To Receive

The recruitment process is more of an issue for many businesses. The process of determining the appropriate candidate to hire is often a costly, time-consuming process. Besides, due to incorrect decision-making or lack of objectivity in hiring processes, recruitment processes may not proceed effectively. Businesses are trying to use technology in their recruitment processes to avoid these problems. Currently, many businesses use internet and software technologies to receive applications and evaluate candidates. But despite these technologies, it takes time and additional personnel costs for people to coordinate all processes. Due to these and similar situations, there has been an increase in the use of artificial intelligence technologies in recruitment processes in the world recently. The use of artificial intelligence in recruitment processes has the effect of reducing costs and decision-making errors and appears to be beneficial in saving time. In this study, the use of artificial intelligence in the recruitment processes of businesses in Turkey was examined. In this context, interviews were conducted with the human resources managers of 22 businesses. According to research results, it was understood that artificial intelligence was benefited only as an auxiliary element in recruitment processes. It has been found that businesses do not rely much on artificial intelligence in their recruitment processes, so they do not use it or partially use it.

scholarly journals Blockchain-based Information Sharing: A New Opportunity for Construction Supply Chains

10.29007/8hng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi ◽  
Jong Han Yoon ◽  
Nishant Dass
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Bullwhip Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Reducing Costs

In the supply chain, information sharing is critical for facilitating decision making, accelerating the schedule, reducing costs, and enhancing the final quality of the project. However, information sharing is challenging in the construction supply chain when information asymmetry could help certain individuals avoid liability or help others maximize their profits by using substandard materials. In this environment, the stakeholders may not truly trust one another and may be reluctant to share complete information. Even though several studies have emphasized the importance of trust for information sharing, few studies have focused on promoting trust and verifying information using technology. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of Blockchain technology for establishing a trust-enhanced environment with distributed trust that will benefit the construction supply chain. This paper presents three logical scenarios for the application of Blockchain technology in information-sharing systems in order to demonstrate that the technology helps establish a trust-enhanced environment for reliable information sharing while eliminating counterfeiting and reducing bullwhip effect. These scenarios will demonstrate the value of Blockchain-based information sharing in the construction supply chain and possibly provide direction for future research with greater depth and specificity.

scholarly journals Using artificial intelligence for effective decision-making in corporate governance under conditions of deep uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Volosova ◽  
Ekaterina Matiukhina
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Tensor Model ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
Process Uncertainty ◽  
Dempster Shafer Theory ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Shafer Theory

The article deals with research related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies for effective decision-making in corporate governance under conditions of deep uncertainty. To process uncertainty, it is proposed to use the cognitive capabilities of artificial intelligence. Cognitivism can be used to implement intuitive, psychological and other components of the internal mental activity of a person when making decisions. These capabilities allow one to make informed decisions and predict the consequences of these decisions. To study the properties of deep uncertainty, the authors suggest using a tensor model. The tensor model of deep uncertainty makes it possible to study additional properties of uncertainty that are not available in traditional models, such as Bayesian formalism, Dempster-Shafer theory, fuzzy sets, a method based on certain factors (Stanford formalism), and others. The use of the tensor model allows one to study the spatial model of uncertainty, real and imaginary values of uncertainty, as well as uncertainty invariants with respect to various transformations of the coordinate system.

scholarly journals Toward artificial governance? The role of artificial intelligence in shaping the future of corporate governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-870
Author(s):  
Michael Hilb
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Board Members ◽  
The Future ◽  
Board Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Technology

Abstract The article explores the impact of the ongoing progress and adaptation of artificial intelligence on the practice of the corporate governance. It applies three lenses to artificial governance—the business, technology and society lenses—to assess the desirability, feasibility and responsibility of automating board-level decision-making to ensure effective corporate governance. Based on an assessment of the potential and limitations of human and machine learning for effective board-level decision-making, the article proposes five scenarios of artificial governance, i.e. assisted, augmented, amplified, autonomous and autopoietic intelligence, that are likely to shape the governance of organizations today, tomorrow and beyond. It discusses the implications of both the governance of and the governance with artificial intelligence in the three horizons and concludes with an appeal to board members to take an active role in understanding, imagining and shaping the future of artificial governance.

scholarly journals Possibilities at the Intersection of AI and Blockchain Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Intelligent Decision Making ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
The Given

Artificial intelligence and Blockchain are the most trending technologies these days, where artificial intelligence offers intelligent decision-making capabilities to machines which is similar to human beings and blockchain technology allows a decentralised pathway for encrypted data sharing between ledgers in a secured manner. Integration of both technologies forms a decentralised AI which enables the process of decision making on digitally encrypted platform for secure data sharing without involvement of any Third Party. This paper gives a detail on the possibilities of intersection of AI and Blockchain. The paper also contains the issues and problems related to the respective integration. An Algorithm is proposed in two parts, based on one of the given issues, which predicts the action plan of AI for destructing malware blocks in blockchain

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Field of Corporate Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 01064
Author(s):  
Liyuan Meng ◽  
Shaodong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
New Technology ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Annual General ◽  
Shareholder Voting ◽  
Annual General Meeting ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Voting Procedures ◽  
The Cost

The Annual General Meeting of Shareholders is considered to be a boring and mandatory annual ceremony. At present, its information, forum, decision-making functions, and voting procedures are all flawed. As a new technology, the introduction of blockchain can greatly reduce the cost of shareholder voting and company organization costs, improve the company’s decision-making efficiency and the transparency of voting and elections, and effectively solve the problems existing in the current annual general meeting of shareholders. The research in this paper provides an intelligent solution for the traditional inefficiency of corporate governance.

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