Mothers and Citizens: Gender and Social Policy in Germany after the First World War

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rouette
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Equal Citizenship ◽  
First World

Historians have generally interpreted the early years of the Weimar Republic as an important stage in the development of the German welfare state. For the first time in the history of Germany, the state established in the constitution not only its own wideranging responsibilities and opportunities for intervention, but also the political and social rights of its citizens. Apart from “fundamentally” equal citizenship rights for womenand men (Art. 108) these also included entitlement to state support for the family and maternity as well as special state protection for marriage which, the constitution proclaimed, was to rest on an “equality of the two sexes” (Art. 119).

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Felix S. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

scholarly journals O. S. Kyrychuk, I.V. Orlevych. Lviv Stauropegian Institute (1788–1914s). The Role in the Socio-Political, Cultural and Religious Life of Ukrainians in Galicia. Lviv: Logos, 2018. 288 p.

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Yulia Shustova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

The article reviews the monograph by Alexandra Kirichuk and Irina Orlevich, which examines the activities of the Lviv Stavropigi Institute. This organization played a significant role in the socio-political, religious, cultural, educational, scientific life of the Ukrainians in Galicia. It arose as a result of the reform of the Lvov Ukspensky Stavropigian brotherhood in 1788. The chronological framework of the work covers the period from the transformation of the Lvov brotherhood into the Stavropigian Institute in 1788 until the outbreak of the First World War. More than a century of the organization's activity is considered in the broadest context of the spheres of public life in Lviv and Western Ukraine. The study was written on the basis of sources that are diverse in their species structure. Most of the sources are archival documents and are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors gave a detailed description of the legal and financial foundations of the activities of the Lviv Stavropigi Institute. The monograph provides a description of the achievements and failures of the Lviv Stavropegia in different spheres of public life in different periods. – The authors examined in detail the national-political, church-religious, cultural, educational, publishing and charitable activities of Stavropigia. The monograph by О. Kirichuk and I. Orleviy is a significant contribution to the study of the history of one of the most important institutions in the Ukrainian lands in the last quarter of the 18th – early 20th centuries.

Das Projektionsplanetarium als hyperreales Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Hans-Christian von Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World ◽  
The Universe

"In den Jahren nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde im Jenaer Zeiss-Werk im Auftrag des Deutschen Museums in München das Projektionsplanetarium als immersives Modell des Universums entwickelt. In ihm hallte eine lange Geschichte von Himmelsgloben, Armillarsphären, Astrolabien und mechanischen Planetarien nach, die seit der Antike als astronomische Demonstrationsobjekte gedient hatten. Erstmals aber fand sich diese Aufgabe nun mit einer Simulation des raum-zeitlichen In-der-Welt-Seins des Menschen verbunden. In the years following the First World War, commissioned by the German Museum in Munich, the projection planetarium was developed as an immersive model of the universe at the Zeiss plant in Jena. In it, a long history of celestial globes, armillary spheres, astrolabes, and mechanical planetaria resonated, which had served as astronomical demonstration objects since ancient times. For the first time, however, this task was associated with a simulation of man’s spaciotemporal being-in-the-world. "

A History of the Development of Flight Refuelling

1960 ◽  
Vol 64 (599) ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
J. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Great Idea ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Whenever a new and truly great idea is put forward for the first time it is usually received with scorn and derision by those whom it directly concerns. Such was the initial reception of the idea of refuelling aircraft in flight.Soon after the First World War air carnivals became very popular around the flying fields of the United States of America and it was in a search for new stunts that two intrepid fliers hit on the idea of transferring fuel by hose pipe from one aircraft to another. The two single-seater aeroplanes flew one above the other, the upper one carrying the extra fuel; in order to transfer it the pilot threw a length of hose overboard leaving it trailing behind him. The receiver aircraft then manoeuvred into position and the pilot caught the hose and put the nozzle into his reserve fuel tank. When a small quantity of fuel had been transferred, he pulled out the hose and threw it clear of his aircraft, leaving the donor aircraft to haul it in.

scholarly journals “…People Would Seek for Light and Find Joy in Art”: the First World War and Revolution in the Krasnoyarsk Art Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 1035-1047
Author(s):  
Marina V. Moskaljuk ◽  
Lilia R. Stroy
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
City Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art Community ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

The article is devoted to the art processes that took place in Siberia, Krasnoyarsk, during 1914–1920. The main methodology of scientific study on the creative component of the city during the First World War and Revolution is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, a systematic approach and unique archival data that allowed reconstructing the history of the art life in the city during the First World War and learning about war prisoner artists who brought the traditions of European art into the Krasnoyarsk creative architectonics. For the first time ever, there was found information not used earlier in the analysis of art processes; the data found incorporated the names of professional masters and amateur artists from Germany, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, who were in military captivity and worked as designers, organized art exhibitions, taught drawing and interacted with local art community. The authors conclude that the selected directions of the creative process formed the art life of the city during the First World War and Revolution, with the participation of foreign masters not only enriching the city culture, but also helping people survive in one of the most dramatic periods of world history

scholarly journals Sabotage Acts of German Agents in the Rear of the Russian Troops (Warsaw Governor General. 1914-1915)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 (25)) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Vadim O. Zverev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

For the first time in Russian historiography, the history of some sabotage operations, which was carried out at the beginning of the First World War in one of the spy-dangerous sections of the western borderland of Russia - in the Warsaw Governor General - is revealed. The author concludes that German intelligence failed to paralyze the daily railway supplies of weapons, ammunition, uniforms, food, etc. to the Russian armies to the theater of operations. Unprofessional sabotage agents (Russian citizens living in the Privislinsky Territory) were unsuitable for solving complex, responsible and dangerous sabotage tasks.

Archbishop Lang’s Visit to the Holy Land in 1931

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Garth Turner
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
World War ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
British Mandate ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Modus Vivendi ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

The overthrow of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War opened a new chapter in the history of the Holy Land. New and particular local tensions arose, especially in the aftermath of the Balfour Declaration between Jews and Arabs. In the post-war settlement, the British Mandate in Palestine gave rulership to a Christian power - and one with its own established Church - for the first time since the thirteenth century. Within the Christian community itself, the rise of an ecumenical movement also changed perspectives, challenging the rivalries which were particularly evident at that central shrine of Christianity, the Holy Sepulchre. The visit of Archbishop Lang of Canterbury to Palestine and Jerusalem in 1931 illustrates the primate’s own personal responses to the experience of the Holy Land, while also reflecting the need for tact and diplomacy in dealing with a particular set of circumstances in which the presence of the leader of the Anglican communion might be seen as intrusive, even threatening, to the religious modus vivendi already established there between Christians.

scholarly journals YU.V. BOUTOROVA FOUNDATION IN SYZRAN ARCHIVE AND ITS SOURCE POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
E.I. Sumburova
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

The article examines the history of the creation of the personal Fund of Yulia Vladimirovna Boutorova (1885-1946), analyzes the source possibilities of the Fund's materials in the study of the history of everyday life of the Volga nobility at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, the history of the First world war and the collapse of the Russian Empire. The author notes the uniqueness of the archive Fund of Yu. V. Boutorova as the only personal Fund of the pre-Soviet period in the archive of Syzran. When working with the materials of the Foundation, the method of reconstruction of the "family archive” was used, based on the methodological approaches of the new scientific direction memory studies, which allowed to restore the key moments of the Boutorov family's life and determine their main family values.

scholarly journals Rola i znaczenie i archiwów rodzinnych w badaniach naukowych. Kilka kart z archiwum rodzinnego Kotkowskich…

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
Rita Majkowska
Keyword(s):  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First World ◽  
Technical Revolution

The Role and Importance of Family Archives in Research. A Few Pages From the Archive of the Kotkowski Family... On the basis of a few selected groups of materials (correspondence, texts of memoirs, albums with photographs, documents and personal writings) from the family archive, the author shows how much information taken from it can be used for various kinds of historical research. The paper is an encouragement to draw the attention of an ordinary citizen to the necessity of preserving family souvenirs, particularly archive materials. This is particularly important in the period when, due to its speed, technical revolution makes it possible to record information in new forms while causing a limited possibility of preserving documentation, e.g., correspondence. The paper serves as a response to the “Become a Family Archivist” workshop – a campaign that has recently been promoted by the National Management of State Archives. The history of the branch of the Kotkowski family from Dzierzkowice, which is related and affined to many families (Zaborowski, Loegler, Lelek, Lubich, Szaniawski, Iłłakowicz, Gombrowicz, Zopoth, Rössner, Strzałkowski, Herman and other families), shows that, in spite of the occasional incompleteness of preserved archive materials, we can find there many research topics opening areas for further queries, but we can also be enchanted by the beauty of family souvenirs. The author also draws our attention to the possibility of handing archive materials over to public collections (archives, libraries). The paper reminds researchers of the importance of heritages (personal archives) of not only important persons, but also of those waiting to notice them. The latter include also persons presented in the paper from two generations of families living in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The paper described the fates of Józef Kotkowski (1843–1914), a participant of the January Uprising and an engineer in Buchach, Stryi and Lviv; Mieczysław Kotkowski (1881–1946), a judge in Sanok, Dobromil and Przemyśl, or distinguished officers of the First World War: August, Artur and Erwin Rössner.

scholarly journals The First World War and the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum

2014 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
L. M. Koval
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Good Education ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

The article discusses the place of the Rumyantsev Museum in the context of history of our Motherland during the difficult and complicated period of the First World War. The article is devoted to the centenary of the First World War. For the first time there are highlighted the multiple aspects of Patriotic activities of the Rumyantsev Museum, of its workers: both, in terms of service of culture "for the benefit of Motherland and good education", and on rendering aid to the wounded soldiers.

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