Visions of Self, Success, and Society among Young Men in Antebellum Boston

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather D. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Irish Catholics ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
The City ◽  
Foreign Birth

When Dwight L. Moody left his native town of Northfield, Massachusetts, for Boston in 1854, he was one among hundreds of young men flocking to urban centers in hopes of achieving greater prosperity and “success” in mercantile careers than their families had attained through agricultural pursuits or village commerce. This trend was part of a larger pattern of urban growth that began in the early nineteenth century, fueled by both foreign immigration and the expansion of industrial capitalism. In the decades prior to the Civil War, Boston's population expanded exponentially, reaching nearly 140,000 at the time of the 1850 census, a six-fold increase since 1800. Of this number, nearly one-half were of “foreign” birth or parentage, and an additional 25,000 were “Americans” who had migrated to Boston from rural New England and other areas of the United States. Only around 50,000—or 35 percent of the total population—had been born and raised in Boston. This rapid influx of newcomers to the city provoked growing concern among native Bostonians, as the presence of rural youths, Irish Catholics, and other “outsiders” began to challenge and transform traditional patterns of social, economic, political, and religious life.

The Contributions of Oscar Halecki to American Historical Scholarship

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Thaddeus V. Gromada
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
The One

Most of the one and one-half million Poles who immigrated to the United States before World War II were people of rural, Catholic, Slavic stock in search of greater economic and social opportunities. They settled in urban centers primarily in the middle Atlantic, mid-Western, and New England states where they formed communities (Polonias) around the steel mills, coal and iron mines, slaughter houses and meat packing plants, oil refineries, shoe and textile factories, granaries and milling plants. Their labor was an important element in the industrialization of America. They were among the millions of unknown persons from eastern and southern Europe, as Michael Novak put it, “who have strengthened family and neighborhood life in America, and from 1930's to the present have made possible the longest strides in the nation's history in economic matters and civil rights.” Very few scholars and intellectuals, however, could be found among these Polish immigrants. When Polish scholars, intellectuals, or artists emigrated from partitioned Poland, usually after unsuccessful revolutions, they settled in France or some other European country.

scholarly journals Do Income, Race and Ethnicity, and Sprawl Influence the Greenspace-Human Health Link in City-Level Analyses? Findings from 496 Cities in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Browning ◽  
Alessandro Rigolon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The City

Examination of the greenspace—human health relationship operates in at least four dimensions: what is considered greenspace? which moderators and mediators are included? what outcomes are measured? and which units of analysis (e.g., individuals, cities) are studied? We examined three of these four dimensions in a cross-sectional study of 496 of the 500 most populated US cities (total population size = 97,574,613, average population per city = 197,920). Spatial average models tested the effect of two greenspace measures (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index greenness and tree cover) on two outcomes (obesity and mental health), while adjusting for income, race and ethnicity, sprawl, age, sex, physical inactivity, median age of housing, and total population. We conducted analyses at the city scale, which is an understudied unit of analysis, and compared findings to individual- and neighborhood-level studies. In two of four models, greenspace was associated with better health. We found race and ethnicity moderated this relationship with varying results. In full sample analyses, cities with greater percentages of non-Hispanic Whites showed links between higher tree cover and lower obesity but marginal relationships between higher greenness and lower obesity. In subsample analyses with majority-non-Hispanic Black cities, higher tree cover was associated with lower obesity and better mental health. These findings advance previous research by showing that race and ethnicity moderate the greenspace—health link at the city level.

scholarly journals Assessing the Multiple Impacts of Extreme Hurricanes in Southern New England, USA

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Ullman ◽  
Isaac Ginis ◽  
Wenrui Huang ◽  
Catherine Nowakowski ◽  
Xuanyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Narragansett Bay ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
River Inflow ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Major Hurricane ◽  
The City

The southern New England coast of the United States is particularly vulnerable to land-falling hurricanes because of its east-west orientation. The impact of two major hurricanes on the city of Providence (Rhode Island, USA) during the middle decades of the 20th century spurred the construction of the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier (FPHB) to protect the city from storm surge flooding. Although the Rhode Island/Narragansett Bay area has not experienced a major hurricane for several decades, increased coastal development along with potentially increased hurricane activity associated with climate change motivates an assessment of the impacts of a major hurricane on the region. The ocean/estuary response to an extreme hurricane is simulated using a high-resolution implementation of the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model coupled to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). The storm surge response in ADCIRC is first verified with a simulation of a historical hurricane that made landfall in southern New England. The storm surge and the hydrological models are then forced with winds and rainfall from a hypothetical hurricane dubbed “Rhody”, which has many of the characteristics of historical storms that have impacted the region. Rhody makes landfall just west of Narragansett Bay, and after passing north of the Bay, executes a loop to the east and the south before making a second landfall. Results are presented for three versions of Rhody, varying in the maximum wind speed at landfall. The storm surge resulting from the strongest Rhody version (weak Saffir–Simpson category five) during the first landfall exceeds 7 m in height in Providence at the north end of the Bay. This exceeds the height of the FPHB, resulting in flooding in Providence. A simulation including river inflow computed from the runoff model indicates that if the Barrier remains closed and its pumps fail (for example, because of a power outage or equipment failure), severe flooding occurs north of the FPHB due to impoundment of the river inflow. These results show that northern Narragansett Bay could be particularly vulnerable to both storm surge and rainfall-driven flooding, especially if the FPHB suffers a power outage. They also demonstrate that, for wind-driven storm surge alone under present sea level conditions, the FPHB will protect Providence for hurricanes less intense than category five.

scholarly journals Bibliometric analysis of worldwide publications on multi-, extensively, and totally drug – resistant tuberculosis (2006–2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Sweileh ◽  
Adham S. AbuTaha ◽  
Ansam F. Sawalha ◽  
Suleiman Al-Khalil ◽  
Samah W. Al-Jabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New England ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Number Of Publications

Background: The year 2015 marked the end of United Nations Millennium Development Goals which was aimed at halting and reversing worldwide tuberculosis (TB). The emergence of drug resistance is a major challenge for worldwide TB control. The aim of this study was to give a bibliometric overview of publications on multi-, extensively, and totally drug-resistant TB. Methods: Scopus database was used to retrieve articles on multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) tuberculosis for the study period (2006–2015). The number of publications, top productive countries and institutions, citation analysis, co-authorships, international collaboration, active authors, and active journals were retrieved and analyzed. Results: A total of 2260 journal articles were retrieved. The mean ± SD citations per article was 7.04 ± 16.0. The h-index of retrieved data was 76. The number of publications showed a three – fold increase over the study period compared with less than two – fold increase in tuberculosis research during the same study period. Stratified by number of publications, the United States of America ranked first while Switzerland ranked first in productivity per 100 million people, and South Africa ranked first in productivity stratified per one trillion Gross Domestic Product. Three of the High Burden Countries (HBC) MDR-TB (India, China, and South Africa) were present in top productive countries. High percentage of international collaboration was seen among most HBC MDR-TB. Except for Plos One journal, most active journals in publishing articles on MDR, XDR, TDR-TB were in infection – related fields and in general medicine. Top 20 cited articles were published in prestigious journal such as Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine. The themes in top 20 cited articles were diverse, ranging from molecular biology, diagnostic tools, co-infection with HIV, and results of new anti-TB drugs. Conclusion: Publications on MDR, XDR and TDR – TB are increasing in the past decade. International collaboration was common. Many low resourced African and Asian countries will benefit from research leading to new diagnostic and screening technology of TB. The exchange of expertise, ideas and technology is of paramount importance in this field.

“Base Falsehoods” and the Genuine Article: The Visual Economy of San Francisco

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy K. DeFalco Lippert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Visual Medium ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The City

In the burgeoning urban centers of the United States in the nineteenth century, anonymous denizens interpreted one another and presented themselves through the visual medium. Publicly displayed and circulated imagery was broadly accessible to San Francisco’s diverse array of immigrants. Photographs and other illustrations provided newcomers with a universal language—a way to view and explore each other and a means of conceptualizing San Francisco. As the city developed and tents gave way to buildings, the modes of production, circulation, and display of visual ephemera grew apace, revealing their adaptability to the burgeoning market economy and their preeminence in San Francisco’s urban culture. A competitive commercial culture among San Franciscan photographers catered to and often exploited public anxieties over the divide between appearance and reality.

American Urban Growth Preceding the Railway Age

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rogers Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
City Population ◽  
The City ◽  
Dominant Influence

The rate of urban growth in the United States reached its highestlevel in the twenty years before 1861. Nevertheless in the five preceding decades, 1790 to 1840, those coming just before the railroad age, the cities of the nation grew at a remarkably rapid rate. It is true that during one 10-year period of relatively slow growth, 1810–1820, the city population increased at a pace slightly below that for the total population. But in the other four decades, 1790–1800, 1800–1810, 1820–1830, and 1830–1840, the rate of increase in the number of people living in cities was almost double that for the whole population and exceeded the urban growth rate attained in any post-Civil War decade. This study makes available detailed statistics on urban population changes from 1775 to 1840, directs attention to the differing contributions to urbanization made by four city groups, and notes some of the influences affecting urban population expansion in the years before the railroad became a dominant influence.

The Transnational Turn: Rediscovering American Studies in a Wider World

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Henry David Thoreau ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Big City ◽  
Urban Scene ◽  
The City

Few American writers have been so rooted in a single place as Henry David Thoreau. Born in Concord, Massachusetts, sixteen miles west of Boston, Thoreau spent nearly all his short life, some forty-four years, in the vicinity of his native town – “the most estimable place in all the world” he deemed it – with only brief sojourns beyond New England. Like many of his contemporaries, he did try out the big city, living close to Manhattan in 1843, an aspiring writer, age twenty-six, with hopes of a literary career. But he quickly recoiled from the urban scene. “I don't like the city better, the more I see it, but worse,” he wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. “I am ashamed of my eyes that behold it. It is a thousand times meaner than I could have imagined. … The pigs in the street are the most respectable part of the population.” Homesick, he was back in Concord within six months. Only once did he stray outside the United States, for a week-long excursion to Montreal and Quebec. To this “Yankee in Canada,” it was a disappointing jaunt. “What I got by going to Canada was a cold.” Thoreau was simply happiest in his hometown, where he “traveled a good deal,” exploring the ponds, woods, and fields, observing and provoking the neighbors, and transforming his chosen ground, in Walden and in his journals, into a sacred site on the American literary landscape. Concord, he declared, is “my Rome, and its people … my Romans.”

scholarly journals “Heaven, Hell, or Hoboken:” Anti-German Sentiment in Hoboken, 1917-1918, Some Examples

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lurie
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Irish Immigrants ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The City

In the early 20th century, urban centers in New Jersey, especially locations such as Newark, Hoboken, and Camden, were home to many immigrants from Europe. Hoboken stands out amongst these as it was the major port of embarkation for American troops en route to the World War I. The city saw American immigrants supporting the war effort in varying ways. Irish immigrants, for example, may well have looked at American support for Great Britain in a different light than native-born American citizens. Similarly, German-Americans, especially between 1914 and 1917, were ambivalent as American “neutrality” towards Germany shifted towards outright hostility. What can local newspapers, some of which catered to ethnic interests, tell us about the tensions between ethnic loyalties and the call for patriotic support for the Allies as the United States went to war? This paper focuses in part on editorial comments on the need for “loyalty,” and/or “patriotism” once war was declared in April, 1917. It was originally presented as a paper at the NJ Historical Commission’s 2017 conference, “New Jersey and The Great War,” held November 3-4, 2017 at Rowan College at Burlington County and Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst.

scholarly journals Sociabilidades, racialidad y sexualidad entre jóvenes de sectores populares de Cali

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Fernando Urrea Giraldo ◽  
Mary Lily Congolino
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Daily Behavior ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Made In

Resumen: El presente artículo incluye un análisis delos resultados obtenidos en diferentes investigacionesrealizadas entre 1999 y 2003, con el objetivo de determinary tipificar los patrones de sociabilidad y la construcciónde identidades femeninas y masculinas enhombres y mujeres jóvenes, a partir del conocimiento desus comportamientos cotidianos y especialmente delejercicio de la sexualidad. Los hábitos de interés sonobservados empíricamente y analizados a través dehistorias de vida. El estudio se realizó en sectores popularesurbanos de la ciudad de Cali, por lo que los individuosentrevistados son en su mayoría negros que vivenen situación socioeconómica de extrema pobreza. De lapoblación total entrevistada (70 sujetos) se escogieron6 hombres y 6 mujeres para analizar y documentar losresultados de las entrevistas en profundidad a través debiografías sexuales.Palabras clave: Sociabilidades, racialidad, sexualidad,jóvenes, sectores populares, CaliAbstract: The present article includes an analysis of theresults obtained in different investigations made between1999 and 2003, aimed at determining types and patternsof sociability and the construction of feminine and masculineidentities in young men and women, on the basisof reports of their daily behavior, especially about theexercise of their sexuality. Their habits are observedempirically and analyzed through their life-stories. Thestudy was made in urban low-class sectors of the city ofCali, for which reason the individuals interviewed aremostly black and live in situations of extreme poverty. Ofthe total population interviewed (70 subjects), 6 menand 6 women were chosen to analyze and document theresults of in-depth interviews through sexual biographies.Key Words: Sociabilities, raciality, sexuality, youth, lowclass,Cali

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