PLATO'S PHAEDO: ARE THE PHILOSOPHERS’ PLEASURES OF LEARNING PURE PLEASURES?

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-584
Author(s):  
Georgia Mouroutsou
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Real Domain

Though Plato's Phaedo does not focus on pleasure, some considerable talk on pleasure takes place in it. Socrates argues for the soul's immortality and, while doing so, hopes to highlight to his companions how important it is to take care of our soul by focussing on the intellect and by neglecting the bodily realm as far as is possible in this life. Doing philosophy, so his argument goes, is something like dying, if we grant that death is the separation of the soul from the body and notice that genuine philosophers wish nothing else than to be detached from the bodily realm. For indulging into bodily pleasures has detrimental consequences on the soul, impeding the search of truth and distorting reality, and so philosophers should undertake to purify themselves from all bodily concerns and gratifications and love the objects of learning and knowledge without deviation and distraction. On the contrary, ordinary people fall for the bodily realm as the only real domain that should therefore be of priority and of their earnest concern.

The Establishment of the Classical Type in Geeek Art

1924 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-253
Author(s):  
Charles Walston
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Head ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western World ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Artists

It is hardly necessary to attempt a definition of what is meant by ‘the classical type’ in the body or in the face. Ordinary people know what they mean when they speak of a ‘classical face,’ ‘regular features,’ or ‘a perfectly made man or woman’ as regards the nude figure. Even though such people may have but a slight familiarity with Greek or Graeco-Roman statues and busts, or have never even actually perceived, themselves, the distinctive characteristics of the classical type, they have had it conveyed to them indirectly through the work of modern artists and illustrators of books or advertisements, or even in the attenuated and vulgarised renderings on chocolate boxes. No doubt we are now living in revolt and reaction against this type of beauty and normality, as in the past there have been periodic reactions against the dominance of the classic types, whether in ‘realistic’ or ‘romantic’ movements, throughout the historical development of art since the classical age. The fact, however, remains, that the standards of proportion and inter-relation between the parts of the body and between the features of the human head, as embodied in the classic type, still determine the taste of, at least, the Western world.

The Resurrection of the Body

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Martin Rheinheimer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Material Life ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Bodily Resurrection ◽  
Church Paintings ◽  
Written Materials

This article analyses visual and written materials which indicate some of the interesting changes that the authoritative, Christian doctrine of bodily resurrection underwent in modernity. These materials document a growing gap between the authoritative creed and people’s beliefs, which cannot, I argue, be attributed solely to intellectual changes, but which was also highly reliant on changes in material living conditions and medical and hygienic progress. The article suggests that the belief in the resurrection of the body was quite firm in the general population even in the eighteenth century - the century of the Enlightenment, but that it faded towards the end of the nineteenth century due to changes in the material life conditions, such as medical progress and a decline in child mortality. My sources are gathered from the predominantly Lutheran former Duchy of Schleswig, and particularly from northern Friesland, and consist of personal letters, sermons, and visual sources such as church paintings and gravestone images. By means of selected examples, I investigate what the authoritative dogma of belief in the resurrection of the body meant to ordinary people. I trace the causes of this belief, and I discuss why it faded towards the end of the nineteenth century.

Presa della parola: A review and discussion of oral history and the Italian 1968

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonomo
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
1960S And 1970S

Among the common definitions of 1968, the most telling is that of a collective presa della parola (the capture of speech, or the act of starting to speak). Students, workers, women and ‘ordinary’ people began to speak out and speak for themselves, refusing the established systems of representation and delegation in the name of participation and direct democracy. In Italy, the development of oral history owed much to the participatory and democratising ethos of 1968, and oral history has long been viewed as a methodology enabling a collective presa della parola. Exploring the body of historical works on the Italian 1968, this article looks at the contribution oral history has made to a better understanding of the student revolt and the social movements in the late 1960s and 1970s. Attention is directed to the diversity of ways in which oral sources are used in historical research, to their potential and limits for studying past events, experience, subjectivity and memory, and to some key theoretical and methodological issues raised by their use.

scholarly journals The Problem of Symbolic Interaction and of Constructing Self

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-89
Author(s):  
Krzysztof T. Konecki
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Kinesthetic Empathy

In the article we make an analysis of a thesis that verbal symbolic interaction is a necessary condition of constructing self. The main concepts used in the paper are: symbolic interaction, self and corporality. The aforementioned thesis and the concept of symbolic interaction originate from G.H Mead, who set the trend of thinking about interaction in human society in sociology and social psychology. This influence is noticeable up to this day. Symbolic interaction as a tool of understanding others actions and informing partners about our intensions is clearly visible in “languagecentred” and anthropocentrically oriented analyses of interactions as well as in the concentration on linguistic conditions of creating a self. Self is understood as an interpreted concept of a person but mainly in a process of social perception of a human by others occurring in interactions based on verbal language. In the article we want to develop a thesis about “nonlinguistic” possibilities of constructing interactions and self. The aforementioned thesis has been many times elaborated so far together with critical analyses of G. H. Mead (Irvin, 2004, Sanders, 1993, 1999, 2003; Myers, 1999, 2003). We want to integrate these elaborations, including our empirical experiences from a research on “The Social World of Pet’s Owners’ (research done in 2001-2005) on theoretical level and concentrate more on corporality and emotions issues and their relations to symbolic interaction and self. G.H. Mead’s views on this topic are analysed with regard to their methodological consistency and adequacy. In the article there is another thesis proposed, that interactions between animals also have meanings and, sometimes, symbolic nature, or sometimes, non symbolic one, and not necessarily related to use of a verbal language. The creation of self is connected with issues of corporality that includes: 1. nonverbal communication, 2. a relation of bodies in physical space, 3. the so called “kinesthetic empathy”, 4. emotions connected with body, mind and self processes. These elements of corporality may be the basis for taking the role of other. Researches and analyses of many sociologists (beginning from Ch. H. Cooley) show that self is often pre-verbal and that exclusion of an individual from her/his surroundings takes place also with the aid of the body and emotions tightly connected with functioning of self. The analysis of interactions between humans and animals provides us with much methodological and theoretical inspiration. Those researches and analyses obviously face a problem of “anthropomorphization of human behaviour”, which is of frequent occurrence both among researchers and ordinary people. New sociological sub-discipline called the sociology of human - non-human animals relationships adds a lot of new threads to the abovementioned deliberations on conditions of constructing self.

scholarly journals From victimhood to hubs of (trans)formation and local agency: Re-imagining poor urban communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasebwe T.L. Kabongo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
South African ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Good News ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Black African ◽  
Biblical Principles ◽  
The Church

This article was written from the perspective of a black African who has been unfairly subjected to colonialism, apartheid and neo-colonialism. This African is learning to simultaneously blame others for mistakes committed against him and interrogate his own agency in being an answer to his own prayers. He has observed that communities of poverty are usually seen as undesirable. As a consequence of this, most of its residents prefer to move away, if they have the option of doing so. This article explored the concept of thin places as a vehicle to nurture agency amongst people living in communities of poverty such as Soshanguve. It uses the narrative approach of storytelling to recount particular past events and present ones as a tool to cultivate a ‘can-do attitude’ in ordinary people. The goal is to raise agents of hope who will bring good news to their neighbours and anybody else, using biblical principles as a critical tool in their toolkit. Communities of poverty are usually seen as undesirable. As a consequence, most of its residents prefer to move out, if they have the choice to do so. This article reflects on the efforts of a missional team, InnerCHANGE, to help residents of the township of Soshanguve migrate from a victim mentality to become agents of their own hope. It uses a theology of place that alludes to concepts of thin places which challenges ordinary people to become participants in the flourishing of lives around them. A reflection on agency influenced by the Black Consciousness Movement and other African scholars gave context, meaning and relevance to such a theology of place. Stories of agency from Africa are remembered and retold to inspire ordinary people. Some of the latter have taken to heart these inspirational stories and have been transformed into agents. This article calls such people transformation agents. A conclusion was made that the Church needs to continue playing its prophetic role in society. Such a role could entail reminding people of existing assets they may have such as stories told around them of people who defied the normal victim mentality seen in poor communities and actively built thin places around them.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article was based on the field of missiology. It engaged historical facts (history) in a way that could nurture and develop agency in ordinary people. It challenges a general apathy towards community involvement found within the body of Christ located in South African communities of poverty.

scholarly journals The Body Image and Illogical Thoughts and Believes Comparison of Amputation Persons with Ordinary Persons

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammadi Bolban Abad
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Statistical Sample

This study aims to determine and compare the body image satisfaction, illogical thoughts and believes of amputation persons with ordinary persons. In this study we used the scientific – comparison method. The study sample consists of all amputation people that are under the sponsored of martyr and amputee's affairs foundation and social welfare organization, and the equal or matched ordinary people with those in Qorveh. According to the limitation of persons with amputation, 25 subjects of amputation persons that was under the support of martyr and amputee's affairs foundation and social welfare organization was selected purposefully and also 25 subjects of ordinary people was chosen randomize as samples; (they) were selected as statistical sample with the cloning and homogenization method with amputation group. For measuring body image satisfaction, the 24 questions of body image satisfaction scale of Mashhad's Ferdowsi University were used (Parizade, 2012). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of test (α = 0/91) show the acceptable reliability of this scale in measuring satisfaction of body image. To assess the logical thoughts and believes; the 40 questions of logical thoughts and believes questionnaire from Jones was used that validated in Ahwaz (Abadi and Moatamedin, 2005). The final test score is 0/79 that shows the high detection strength test. For data analysis, also the Pearson's correlation coefficient, the independent t-test was used. The results of hypothesis research testing show that there is meaningful and negative relationship between body image satisfaction and illogical thoughts and believe of ordinary people with amputation persons. In other words, the increscent of body image satisfaction results are decreased their illogical believes in both groups. Also the results indicate that a meaningful difference is observed between the satisfaction of body image and illogical thoughts and believes in both groups of ordinary and amputation persons. In other words, people with amputation have a lower body image satisfaction and a higher illogical believes about themselves.

scholarly journals TERJERAT (CINTA TERLARANG OLEH LATAR BELAKANG DAN KETURUNAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Isra Fahriati
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Inner Pressure ◽  
Emotional Feeling ◽  
Married Life ◽  
Close Relationship

Karya tari terjerat ini terinspirasi dari kisah empiris dari sahabat penulis. Sahabat penulis menceritakan bagaimana kehidupan rumah tangganya yang belum lama terjalin. Pernikahan yang tidak didasari cinta kini membuat huubungan pernikahaannya penuh dengan tekanan batin. Rasa menyesal da terpukul karena harus meniggalkan sang kekasihnya yang berasal dari masyarakat biasa hanya karena sebuah aturan adat dari keluarga bangsawan. Pengalaman pribadi kerap menjadi rangsangan dalam menciptakan sebuah karya. Hal inilah yang mendorong penulis untuk menciptakan sebuah koreografi yang bertujuan menyampaikan kepada masyarakat dengan menggunakan tubuh sebagai alat penyampaian fenomena tersebut. Karya tari terjerat diwujudkan dengan beberapa medium salah satunya adalah medium gerak, penulis menggunakan gerak metakinesis, fisik dan psikis adalah dua aspek yang memeiliki hubungan yang erat dengan pengalaman pribadi, mental dan peralatan emosional. Karya tari ini melibatkan empat orang penari diantaranya satu penari laki-laki dan tiga penari perempuan. Karya tari ini ditampilkan pada pentas proscenium. Bentuk dari koreografi tersebut bersifat literal dan menggunakan tipe tari dramatic. Tari ini menggunakan metode penciptaan koreografi dan kreativitas.This terjerat dance work is inspired by empirical stories from the writer's best friend. A friend of the writer tells how his married life. Marriage that is not based on love now makes the marriage relationship full of inner pressure. feeling sorry that because I had to leave her lover who came from an ordinary people just because of a customary rule from a noble family. Personal experience is often a stimulus in creating a work. This is what encourages the writer to create a choreography that aims to convey to the community by using the body as a means of delivering the phenomenon. Terjerat dance manifested in several mediums, one of which is the medium of motion, the author uses metacinesis, physical and psychological movements are two aspects that have a close relationship with personal experience, mental and emotional feeling. This dance involved four dancers including one male dancer and three female dancers. This dance is performed on the proscenium stage. The form of the choreography is literal and uses a dramatic type of dance. This dance uses the method of choreography creation and creativity.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN JIWA NABI MUHAMMAD

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Anwar Supenawinata
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Guide Care

Man as creature that created by God (khaliq) as khalifah on the earth to carry out the commandment that able to rule, guide, care and maintain the worldwide to serve the God. The prefer man in order to be a good man certainly was destined by Allah Swt with the choise that has been decised by Him. Khaliq as the creature’s (man) creator that perfectly in his creature because consist of the body organs including soul and body, both are the reason why men get a task as khalifah on the earth which differs them from other creature on the earth. Mens in their life have their particular (goodness) and lack (mistake), these show that mans behavior rise down in accord of degree of their each knowledge and experience, thus a Prophet as ordinary people that in his course (development) can not escape from any mistakes.  

scholarly journals TERMINOLOGY OF CRIMINAL LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Mykola Komissarov ◽  
◽  
Natalia Komissarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Body ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Relevant Article ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies

In this article questions about the expediency of using semantically accurate and clear terms in norm-setting that as correctly as possible denote acts, things, or persons because of the illegal actions or corpus delicti which are described in the relevant article of the Ukrainian Criminal Code are considered. On the example of several articles of current Ukrainian Criminal Code approaches of improving regulatory acts by using successful legal and common terms are being proposed. Criteria that could be a foundation when creating and improving legislation in general and criminal in particular being considered. Being proposed particular, more accurate, terms for replacement of the current, but not appropriate terms. Emphasis is placed on that each legal act should be write down very clear for ordinary people to increase the efficiency of positive criminal liability institution. Being determined main types of misuse of terms, which includes the use of terms without considering their content load by lawmakers; lawmakers' use of terms taking into account pre-determined actions that are not reflected in the body of the law but are marked by an unfortunate term, or use specific terms where their use is inappropriate. Taking everything above into account and considering the prevalence of legal terminology outside the professional community, questions related to the accuracy, intelligibility, simplicity, clarity of legal language are emphasized, in particular terminology of criminal law. Works of the most popular scientists whether in the field of legal terms or in the field of criminal law are analyzed. It is argued that the clarity of the legal norm, criminal law, in particular, will avoid arbitrariness and abuse by law enforcement agencies and more effectively implement the concept of positive criminal liability in society.

January 26 — International Day «Let's Talk»

2022 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Oksana Aleksandrovna Rybachok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Ice Water

January marks the beginning of the new year and the middle of winter, therefore, the holidays this month are celebrated accordingly, for example, in Canada and the United States, Walrus Day is celebrated on January 1 with the organization of traditional swims in ice water, but on January 5, it was proposed to celebrate Fasting Day, obviously, with the purpose of saving the body tired from the festive feasts. On January 14, in some countries, it is customary to celebrate an unusual day — the Day of Combating Procrastination, which in psychology means «constantly putting things off for later», some experts have already dubbed this fairly common feature «the disease of the 21st century». January 16 isWorld SnowDay and January 21 is International Hug Day. Besides, on the last Wednesday of January, concerned people proposed to establish Let's Talk Day, dedicated to the problem of difficult relationships between healthy people and patients with mental disorders. Canada was the initiator of the celebration of this day. Experts suggest that ordinary people protect themselves from mental illness by leading an active lifestyle, but does it always help? Let's try to figure it out in this article.

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