scholarly journals Genetic control of recombination inSchizophyllum commune: evidence for a new type of regulatory site

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Stamberg ◽  
Y. Koltin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Regulatory Site ◽  
Recognition Sites ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Fine Control ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYTwo strains ofS. communecharacterized by different levels of high recombination frequency in a particular region of the genome (between the two subunits, α and β, of theBincompatibility factor) were crossed, and their progeny tested for recombination frequency in the same region. The difference between the strains in recombination frequency is found to be due to some factor located within the recombining region itself.The segregation among the progeny indicates that the factor consists of a number of sites, with additive effects. This and the dominance relationships suggest that these sites may be recognition sites which comprise a part of the fine control of recombination.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF Adh EXPRESSION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-933
Author(s):  
G Maroni ◽  
C C Laurie-Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Natural Variants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Natural variants displaying different levels of expression of the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) were subjected to genetic mapping experiments. The strains studied carry one of the two common electrophoretic forms of the enzyme. The difference among Adh  - fast strains appears to be due to multiple loci with trans-acting effects. Differences among Adh  - slow strains are due to modifiers or quantitative sites located very close to the structural gene (less than 0.05 map unit) or part of it. The modifiers detected in the Adhs strains seem to operate only on the structural allele in the cis-position.—A modifier that affects the ratio of ADH levels in larvae and adults was also detected in the Adhs strains. This modifier is also closely linked to Adh and is cis-acting.

scholarly journals Mode Shape-Based Damage Detection Method (MSDI): Experimental Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4589
Author(s):  
Ivan Duvnjak ◽  
Domagoj Damjanović ◽  
Marko Bartolac ◽  
Ana Skender
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Mode Shape ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels

The main principle of vibration-based damage detection in structures is to interpret the changes in dynamic properties of the structure as indicators of damage. In this study, the mode shape damage index (MSDI) method was used to identify discrete damages in plate-like structures. This damage index is based on the difference between modified modal displacements in the undamaged and damaged state of the structure. In order to assess the advantages and limitations of the proposed algorithm, we performed experimental modal analysis on a reinforced concrete (RC) plate under 10 different damage cases. The MSDI values were calculated through considering single and/or multiple damage locations, different levels of damage, and boundary conditions. The experimental results confirmed that the MSDI method can be used to detect the existence of damage, identify single and/or multiple damage locations, and estimate damage severity in the case of single discrete damage.

Multiplicative vs. arbitrary gene action in heterosis.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
F W Schnell ◽  
C C Cockerham
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Genetic Significance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multiplicative Models ◽  
Multiplicative Effects

Abstract In this article we investigate multiplicative effects between genes in relation to heterosis. The extensive literature on heterosis due to multiplicative effects between characters is reviewed, as is earlier work on the genetic description of heterosis. A two-locus diallelic model of arbitrary gene action is used to derive linear parameters for two multiplicative models. With multiplicative action between loci, epistatic effects are nonlinear functions of one-locus effects and the mean. With completely multiplicative action, the mean and additive effects form similar restrictions for all the rest of the effects. Extensions to more than two loci are indicated. The linear parameters of various models are then used to describe heterosis, which is taken as the difference between respective averages of a cross (F1) and its two parent populations (P). The difference (F2 - P) is also discussed. Two parts of heterosis are distinguished: part I arising from dominance, and part II due to additive x additive (a x a)-epistasis. Heterosis with multiplicative action between loci implies multiplicative accumulation of heterosis present at individual loci in part I, in addition to multiplicative (a x a)-interaction in part II. Heterosis with completely multiplicative action can only be negative (i.e., the F1 values must be less than the midparent), but the difference (F2 - P) can be positive under certain conditions. Heterosis without dominance can arise from multiplicative as well as any other nonadditive action between loci, as is exemplified by diminishing return interaction. The discussion enlarges the scope in various directions: the genetic significance of multiplicative models is considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Six ultraviolet minutes for cleaner operating theatres

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bosco ◽  
S Gambelli ◽  
V Urbano ◽  
G Cevenini ◽  
G Messina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Final Cleaning

Abstract Background Sanitizing the operating theatres (OT) is important to minimize risk of post-operative infections. Disinfection procedures between one operation and another is less aggressive than final cleaning procedures, at the end of the day. Aim was assessing the difference of contamination: i) between different levels of disinfection; ii) before and after the use of a UVC Device (UVC-D). Methods Between December 2019/February 2020 a cross sectional study was conducted in OT in a real clinical context. 94 Petri dishes (PD) were used in 3 OT. Three different sanitation levels (SL1-3) were compared pre- and post-use of UVC-D: i) No cleaning after surgery (SL1); ii) after in-between cleaning (SL2); iii) after terminal cleaning (SL3). UVC-D was employed for 6 minutes, 3 minutes per bed side. PD were incubated at 36 °C and colony forming unit (CFU) counted at 48h. Descriptive statistic, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to assess the contamination levels in total, pre/post use of UVC-D, and between different sanitation levels, respectively. Results In total we had a mean of 3.39 CFU/PD (C.I. 2.05 - 4.74) and a median of 1 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 39), after UVC-D use we had a mean of 2.20 CFU/PD (C.I. 0.69 - 5.09) and a median of 0 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 133). The UVC-D led to a significant reduction of CFU (p < 0.001). Without UVC-D we had a significant CFU drop (p < 0.05) between SL1 and SL3. Using UVC-D, we observed significant reductions of contamination (p < 0.05) between SL3 and SL1. Comparing SL1 (median 0) post UVC-D use vs SL2 pre UVC-D use (median 0.5), and SL2 post UVC-D use (median 0) vs SL3 pre UVC-D use (median 1) we had a significant reduction of contamination (p < 0.05). Conclusions UVC-D improved environmental contamination in any of the three sanitation levels. Furthermore, the use of UVC-D alone was better than in-between and terminal cleaning. Although these encouraging results, the cleaning procedures executed by dedicated staff has to be considered. Key messages UVC are efficient to decrease contamination in operating theatres regardless of sanitation levels. The additional use of UVC technology to standard cleaning procedures significantly improves sanitation levels.

Insertion of vowels in English syllabic consonantal clusters pronounced by L1 Polish speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Urszula Chwesiuk
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Vowel Reduction ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
English System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The aim of this study was an attempt to verify whether Polish speakers of English insert a vowel in the word-final clusters containing a consonant and a syllabic /l/ or /n/ due to the L1–L2 transfer. L1 Polish speakers are mostly unaware of the existence of syllabic consonants; hence, they use the Polish phonotactics and articulate a vocalic sound before a final sonorant which is deprived of its syllabicity. This phenomenon was examined among L1 Polish speakers, 1-year students of English studies, and the recording sessions were repeated a year later. Since, over that time, they were instructed with regard to phonetics and phonology but also the overall practical language learning, the results demonstrated the occurrence of the phenomenon of vowel insertion on different levels of advanced command of English. If the vowels were inserted, their quality and length were monitored and analysed. With regard to the English system, pronouncing vowel /ə/ before a syllabic consonant is possible, yet not usual. That is why another aim of this study is to examine to what extent the vowels articulated by the subjects differ from the standard pronunciation of non-final /ə/. The quality differences between the vowels articulated in the words ending with /l/ and /n/ were examined as well as the potential influence from the difference between /l/ and /n/ on the occurrence of vowel reduction. Even though Polish phonotactics permit numerous consonantal combinations in all word positions, it proved to be challenging for L1 Polish speakers to pronounce word-final consonantal clusters containing both syllabic sonorants. This result carries practical implications for the teaching methodology of English phonetics.

Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

Isometric Stress Analysis and Current-Voltage Characteristics of Some Nanoclay Dielectric Elastomer Compounds

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nurminen ◽  
A. Ellman ◽  
V. Jouppila ◽  
M. Paajanen ◽  
M. Karesoja
Keyword(s):  
Material Model ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Compound Materials ◽  
Different Levels

The electromechanical properties of elastomer material change when different levels of stretching are applied to the elastomer film. The generated stress and expansion of the EAP material depend on the electric field across the material and its relative permeability. Some of the best known commercial dielectric elastomer materials are based on acrylic elastomers, e.g. 3M VHB 4910 or 4905 adhesive tape. In this work, the VHB 4910 tape was used as a reference material for different types of acrylic nanoclay compound materials. These new type of nanoclay elastomer compounds were tested because the addition of clay into the elastomer was assumed to increase its actuating performance. Different voltage and pre-stretching levels were used in the measurements. Current-voltage characteristics and isometric stress measurements were used to study the energy efficiency, frequency dependent behavior, reactivity and isometric stress performance of the EAP materials. Based on the electromechanical characterization and material properties, a general hyperelastic material model was developed. According to the preliminary tests, the nanoclay compound seems to be a bit stiffer than VHB 4910 resulting in a greater isometric stress response.

New analysis of holophotoelastic patterns and their application

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ebbeni ◽  
J Coenen ◽  
A Hermanne
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Dynamic Problems ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fringe Patterns

This paper shows that by the use of a new type of diffuser it is possible in photo-holoelasticimetry, without any addition of optical elements or particular preparation of the specimen, to record simultaneously but separately fringe patterns respectively related to the sum and the difference of the principal stresses. The value of intensity of the interfering light reaching the hologram plate is established and hence the equations of the recorded pseudoisopachic fringe patterns are given. Used successfully for the study of particular static problems, where numerical methods are very difficult or impossible, the present interferometer is also suited for dynamic problems.

scholarly journals Newman’s Error Analysis Dalam Geometri Ruang Ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Visual Siswa SMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-461
Author(s):  
Ardina Fahriyanti Maharani ◽  
Erlina Prihatnani
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Solid Geometry ◽  
Visual Intelligence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Geometry Test

In solid geometry needed the ability to visualize space that cannot be seen so differences in visual intelligence can trigger errors in solving geometry problems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the types of errors made by students and the factors that cause errors in working on geometry problems based on Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) in terms of visual intelligence. This research chose the subjects of class XII high school who had studied the material distance points to lines in space with different levels of visual intelligence, namely high and low. The process of collecting data used visual intelligence test questions, geometry test questions, and interviews. The results of this study indicated that the level of students' visual intelligence affects the difference in location and the factor that causes errors in the stage of transformation especially on determining the distance in dimension 3. Students with high visual intelligence made mistakes at the stage of transformation and encoding that caused by the students’ carelessness. However, students with low visual intelligence made mistakes at the stage of comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding due to the concept of the point distance to the line and the concept of the Pythagorean theorem.

scholarly journals Research Status and Development Trend of Magnetic Fluid Acceleration Sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Mu Xueyu ◽  
Yang Shaojie ◽  
Kong Xiangdong
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Liquid ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Difference

As a new type of accelerometer, in recent years, the magnetic liquid acceleration sensor has attracted widespread attention worldwide, and related research results have also continued to emerge. This article mainly introduces the theoretical basis and general structure of the magnetic liquid acceleration sensor, and according to the difference of inertial mass, briefly describes the research progress of the magnetic liquid acceleration sensor by national and foreign scholars in recent years and some in existing problems. Finally, suggestions and prospects for the future development trend of the magnetic liquid acceleration sensor are given.

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