Six ultraviolet minutes for cleaner operating theatres

Abstract Background Sanitizing the operating theatres (OT) is important to minimize risk of post-operative infections. Disinfection procedures between one operation and another is less aggressive than final cleaning procedures, at the end of the day. Aim was assessing the difference of contamination: i) between different levels of disinfection; ii) before and after the use of a UVC Device (UVC-D). Methods Between December 2019/February 2020 a cross sectional study was conducted in OT in a real clinical context. 94 Petri dishes (PD) were used in 3 OT. Three different sanitation levels (SL1-3) were compared pre- and post-use of UVC-D: i) No cleaning after surgery (SL1); ii) after in-between cleaning (SL2); iii) after terminal cleaning (SL3). UVC-D was employed for 6 minutes, 3 minutes per bed side. PD were incubated at 36 °C and colony forming unit (CFU) counted at 48h. Descriptive statistic, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to assess the contamination levels in total, pre/post use of UVC-D, and between different sanitation levels, respectively. Results In total we had a mean of 3.39 CFU/PD (C.I. 2.05 - 4.74) and a median of 1 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 39), after UVC-D use we had a mean of 2.20 CFU/PD (C.I. 0.69 - 5.09) and a median of 0 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 133). The UVC-D led to a significant reduction of CFU (p < 0.001). Without UVC-D we had a significant CFU drop (p < 0.05) between SL1 and SL3. Using UVC-D, we observed significant reductions of contamination (p < 0.05) between SL3 and SL1. Comparing SL1 (median 0) post UVC-D use vs SL2 pre UVC-D use (median 0.5), and SL2 post UVC-D use (median 0) vs SL3 pre UVC-D use (median 1) we had a significant reduction of contamination (p < 0.05). Conclusions UVC-D improved environmental contamination in any of the three sanitation levels. Furthermore, the use of UVC-D alone was better than in-between and terminal cleaning. Although these encouraging results, the cleaning procedures executed by dedicated staff has to be considered. Key messages UVC are efficient to decrease contamination in operating theatres regardless of sanitation levels. The additional use of UVC technology to standard cleaning procedures significantly improves sanitation levels.

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The Difference of Cadre Knowledge Before and After Handwashing Tele-Education in COVID-19 Outbreak at Burangrang Village, Bandung

JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia ◽

10.53366/jimki.v8i2.154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Fachreza Aryo Damara

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Before And After ◽

The Media ◽

The Subject ◽

Transmission Prevention ◽

The Difference ◽

Prevention Method ◽

The Given

Background: Health prevention and promotion are both important in making better public health. In order to actualize both aspects, Posyandu cadre play major role. Cadre have bigger chance and impact to educate the people who are living around them. However, doing a direct education has become more difficult since physical contacts were minimalized during this COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, an effective tele-education is needed as an effort to prevent COVID-19 transmission. The study aims to evaluate the effect of tele-education through Youtube and Whatsapp to enhance people's understanding on COVID-19 transmission prevention Method: The study was a cross-sectional study with observational descriptive-analytical methods and quantitatively approach. Subject of the study was Posyandu cadre in Burangrang Village, Lengkong District, Bandung with the subject total was 19. Results: After given a tele-education, there was an increase in total score means between pretest and posttest with p=0.000 (p<0.001). Moreover, there were increases in both social media’s impression and engagement on educational video which was uploaded on Youtube. Discussion: In doing tele education to Posyandu cadre, video as a media to deliver the content was more preferred. Sharing the knowledge through video along with evaluating participants' understanding of the given topics could enhance cadre knowledge about handwashing as a prevention in the middle of COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: Tele education using video could enhance cadre’s understanding about handwashing. The media that has been used was able to deliver the content based on impression and engagement evaluations.

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The difference uses of panoramic photo and cbct evaluation of the gnathoplasty surgery outcome

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v2i2.535 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Ayu Wahyuni ◽

Muliaty Yunus ◽

Muhammad Ruslin

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Panoramic Radiograph ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Three Dimension ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surgery Outcome ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Objective: Gnathoschisis is the most common congenital craniofacial abnormality in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL and/or P). The panoramic radiograph is one means to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan with two-dimension photograph. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one means of supporting the maxillofacial to get a three-dimension photograph. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the results of the use of panoramic photos and CBCT in evaluation before and after gnathoplasty surgery.Material and Methods: This is an observational descriptive research with cross-sectional study method. All samples that meet the suitable criteria are put in this research. The data gained by collecting status card at medical record installation about photo panoramic application in gnathoschisis patients was then compare to the examination with CBCT.Results: The result performed shows that there is a significant difference between panoramic and CBCT picture. The CBCT provide better evaluation about teeth age and segment position of jaw curve from the cleft size. While the panoramic photo provides a widely covered area to observe facial and teeth bone.Conclusion: The CBCT results are more accurate in evaluating gnathoplasty surgery than panoramic photo; however, exposure to the radiation should be considered.

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Analisis Kebijakan Regionalisasi Rujukan terhadap Jumlah Kunjungan dan Kepuasan Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional

Journal of Health Studies ◽

10.31101/jhes.429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Amirul Mustofa dkk

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Research Data ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Approach ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Research Type ◽

Visit Number

This research was conducted to know the difference of visit number and satisfaction level before and after referral regionalization policy. The research type is quantitative with cross sectional study approach. This study uses secondary data of JKN participants at the Hospital Bantul District. Data analysis using paired t-test paired test and analysis of variance (Anova). Based on the test of normality's output that visit data and satisfaction are normally distributed. The research data was taken in seven hospitals because it has complete data about JKN participants' satisfaction data in Advanced Health Facility Advanced Facility (FKRTL) before and after the policy was enacted.

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Using Ultraviolet C (UVC) in Operating Rooms: A Hygiene Improvement

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ash.2021.123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (S1) ◽

pp. s63-s63

Author(s):

Roberta Bosco ◽

Gabriele Messina ◽

Davide Amodeo ◽

Gabriele Cevenini ◽

Simona Gambelli

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Operating Rooms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ultraviolet C ◽

Cleaning Procedures ◽

The Difference

Background: Disinfection procedures are an essential aspect of preventing cross contamination, especially in situations where the risk of infection is higher, such as in operating rooms (ORs). Disinfection procedures in ORs at the end of each surgery session are not the same as final cleaning procedures. We assessed the difference in microbial contamination between different levels of disinfection, before T(0) and after T(1) the use of an ultraviolet C device (UVC-D). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and August 2020 in a private clinic. Three sanitation levels (SL1–SL3) were compared for the reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) between T(0) and T(1): (1) no disinfection after surgery (SL1);, (2) after in-between cleaning (SL2), and (3) after terminal cleaning (SL3). UVC-D was used for 6 minutes, 3 minutes per bed side. Overall, 260 Petri dishes were used in 3 ORs, incubated at 36°C, and CFU were counted after 48 hours. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test, and MANOVA for repeated measures were performed to verify the 95% statistical difference between T(0) and T(1), both on the whole sample and combined with the different SLs. Results: The unstratified analysis showed statistically significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05) between T(0) and T(1), with means and standard deviations of 11.42 ± SD 41.19 CFU/PD and 5.91 ± SD 30.89, respectively. The Manova test for repeated measures, applied to 54 pairs of measurements, showed no significant difference between SLs in T(0)-T(1) CFU reduction. Overall, the mean percent reduction in CFU was 93.48% (CI95% = 86.97-99.99%). Conclusions: The results showed significant improvements in disinfection under any condition tested with UVC-D. Using the device immediately after surgery (SL1), before standard cleaning procedures, reduced CFUs by 97.3%. In some situations, UVC light was sufficient to reduce CFU to zero, even without chemical and mechanical cleaning. However, we do not recommend this approach; UVC light disinfection should be applied only after sanitization procedures because it does not remove dirt.Funding: UltraViolet Device, IncDisclosures: None

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Male prisoners’ experiences of taking part in research about suicide and violence: a mixed methods study

Research Involvement and Engagement ◽

10.1186/s40900-021-00303-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Hemming ◽

Daniel Pratt ◽

Gillian Haddock ◽

Peer Bhatti ◽

Jennifer Shaw

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Sensitive Topics ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Male Prisoners

Abstract Background There is an apparent reluctance to engage ‘vulnerable’ participants in conversation about sensitive topics such as suicide and violence and this can often lead to a paucity of research in these areas. This study aimed to explore the experiences of male prisoners taking part in quantitative and qualitative research on suicide and violence. Methods Participants at four male prisons completed a visual analogue scale of mood before and after data collection for both a cross-sectional study and also a qualitative interview. Participants were also asked to give three words to describe their experience of participation. A paired samples T-test was conducted to explore the difference in pre- and post-mood ratings, and content analysis was conducted to explore the positive and negative comments on participants’ experiences. Results Overall, participants’ mood significantly improved after participating in a cross-sectional study about suicide and violence (from 4.8 out of 10 to 5.3, p = 0.016), and there was no significant change in mood following participation in a related qualitative study (5.1 to 5.0, p = 0.793). Participants primarily described their experiences as positive, stating that the process had been satisfying, calming, interesting, enlightening and beneficial. A smaller number of participants described their experiences as stressful, challenging, saddening, uncomfortable and bizarre. Conclusions This study has found that researching sensitive topics such as suicide and violence with male prisoners did not have a negative impact on mood, rather that participants largely enjoyed the experience. These findings dispel the myth that research about sensitive topics with prisoners is too risky and could inform how future researchers assess levels of risk to participants.

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Sexual dysfunction during primiparous and multiparous women following vaginal delivery

Tanzania Journal of Health Research ◽

10.4314/thrb.v14i4.5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mehri Makki ◽

Noushin Abdoli Yazdi

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Educators ◽

Questionnaire Validation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Before And After ◽

Multiparous Women ◽

The Difference ◽

Larger Sample

Normal sexual functioning comprises of sexual activity together with transition through the phases from arousal to relaxation with no problem. Delivery has different effects on body organs, especially, on genitalia the disorder of which can cause sexual dysfunctions. In this study, an attempt is made to compare postpartum sexual dysfunction among primiparous and multiparous women. This descriptive cross sectional study was done on 564 primiparous (331) and multiparous (233) women chosen from among those who were present at health and clinical centres in Yazd, Iran. Data were gathered through a questionnaire consisting of demographics and questions related to sexual problems before and after 3-6 months of delivery. Both open-ended and closed items were included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in consultation with two health educators, a midwife, two gynaecologists and an expert in questionnaire validation. All registered data were analyzed by SPSS-15 software. Dyspareunia was shown to decrease after pregnancy in both primigravidae and multigravidae women (P<0.05). Libido decreased during multigravidae (P<0.05) while the difference was not significant during primigravidaes (P>0.05). Also, vaginal loosening was significantly increased in multigravid women (P<0.05) while it did not significantly change in primigravidae (P>0.05). The difference was not significant in primigravidae nor in multigravidae according to post coital bleeding, post coital itching, an-orgasmia, oral sex and anal sex. In conclusion, based on the results of this study, delivery has limited effects on sexual function of primiparous and multiparous women. Contradictory results of similar studies show the need for a précise critical appraisal and finding pitfalls of previous studies. Designing more valid surveys with larger sample size to determine the effects of delivery and parity on sexual function is recommended.

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HEEADSSS up: pediatric residents’ confidence and practice in adolescent health care before and after mandatory adolescent medicine rotations in Thailand

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2017-0149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Rosawan S. Areemit ◽

Boonying Manaboriboon ◽

Supinya In-iw ◽

Jiraporn Arunakul ◽

Wirote Areekul

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychosocial Assessment ◽

Adolescent Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pediatric Residents ◽

Pediatric Residency ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Mandatory Rotation ◽

Growth Assessment

Abstract Background The field of adolescent medicine is an emerging area of specialization in Thailand. Adolescent medicine was made a mandatory rotation in general pediatric residency training programs for the class of 2013. Objective This study aims to explore the difference in pediatric residents’ confidence and the frequency in providing aspects of care to adolescents. Subjects Participants included two groups of pediatric residents; the former curriculum group (FCG) in 2012 and the mandatory curriculum group (MCG) in 2015. Methods Participants in this cross-sectional study answered a 41-item self-administered questionnaire and results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results There were 91 participants, 50.05% were in the MCG. The FCG reported a higher percentage of feeling “more confident” on physical examination (p = 0.031, V = 0.23) and growth assessment (p = 0.040, V = 0.22). The MCG reported a higher percentage of “more frequently” carrying out the psychosocial assessment (p = 0.035, V = 0.22). Conclusion The FCG reported higher levels of confidence than the MCG in most of the items, while the MCG reported higher levels of frequency in providing care. The psychosocial (HEEADSSS) assessment, a key aspect of the adolescent clinical visit, was the item that the MCG reported doing more frequently than the FCG which remained significant when only the postgraduate year of training (PGY) 4s were compared.

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Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Sebelum dan Sesudah Terpapar Tekanan Panas (Studi pada Pekerja di Pabrik Tahu Bu Lis di Kec. Donorejo Kab. Pacitan tahun 2017)

GEMA LINGKUNGAN KESEHATAN ◽

10.36568/kesling.v16i1.820 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Novi Nur Pratiwi ◽

Winarko . ◽

Narwati .

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Data Retrieval ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Working Environment ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Climate Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

ne"> A comfortable work environment, one of which can be seen from the physical factors in the working environment, especially in the aspect of the working climate (heat-pressure). The working climate (heat-pressure) in the workplace can affect the health of the workforce that will ultimately decrease productivity. According to the research results of Ari, Suwondo and coauthors in 2008, that the pressure the heat affect the workers blood pressure. Tofu factory belonging to the "Ibu Lis" is the manufacturer knew the only residing in Donorojo Subdistrict of Pacitan Regency. The results of measurements on a preliminary survey of the working climate in 3 point at the production of known average temperature 31,28 ºC. These results show has exceeded the threshold Value (NAB) based on the regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Number PER 13/DOWNLOAD/X/2011 about the value of the thresholdfFactors are physical and chemical factors in the workplace amounted to 25.9 °C so that it can have an effect on the health of workers, in particular the blood pressure. In general, this research aims to know the difference in blood pressure before and after exposure to heat pressure on workers at Lady Lis’s tofu factory Donorojo Subdistrict of Pacitan Regency and in particular aiming to identify the characteristics of the workforce, the employment climate measure, measure the blood pressure of the workers before and after work, analyzing the difference of blood pressure before and after exposure to heat pressure, described the influence of characteristics of workers against blood pressure and climate control efforts work in the factory. This research includes the kind of observational studies and timebased data retrieval include cross sectional study. A large sample of 30 people taken in random, data is collected and processed and analyzed statistically (analytic) to test the hypothesis. The results showed there was a difference in blood pressure before and after exposure to heat pressure. Blood pressure changes also affected the characteristics of workers, among others, age, period of employment, and the habit of exercising. Factory owners are advised to install the ventilation is natural or manmade in the form vetilasi giving a fan or exhauster, workers should be more drinking lots of water, and take advantage of the break well. Key words : heat pressure, blood pressure, tofu factory

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The reliability of the angle of deviation measurement from the Photo-Hirschberg tests and Krimsky tests

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0258744

Author(s):

S. Tengtrisorn ◽

A. Tungsattayathitthan ◽

S. Na Phatthalung ◽

P. Singha ◽

N. Rattanalert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Computer Software ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prism Diopter ◽

Intermittent Exotropia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deviation Measurement ◽

Angle Of Deviation ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than

Objective To compare the angle of deviation measured from Photo-Hirschberg testing and Krimsky testing, with that from an alternate prism cover test (APCT) in strabismus patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. Thirty-three strabismus patients were photographed for analysis by Photo-Hirschberg testing using computer software. The corneal light reflex displacement, converted into prism diopter (PD), was compared to the angle of deviation measured with APCT. Twenty-eight strabismus patients were tested with the Krimsky test. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and paired t-tests. The study excluded 4 intermittent exotropia cases, 1 intermittent esotropia case and 2 which cases missing data for krimsky test. Results The mean±SD of the deviation angle, measured by APCT with a fixation target at 30 cm and 6 m; were 48.09±16.34PD and 47.82±15.73 PD, respectively. At 1 m, the difference in the angle of deviation measured from APCT and the Photo-Hirschberg test within 10 PD were 58.8% and 63.6%, for ET and XT, respectively. The difference in the angle of deviation measured from APCT and Krimsky tests within 10 PD in ET and XT were 86.7% and 80.0%, respectively. At 4 m, the difference in angle of deviation measured from APCT and Photo-Hirschberg tests within 10 PD in ET and XT were 58.8% and 54.5%, respectively; whereas, the difference in the angle of deviation measured from APCT and Krimsky tests within 10 PD in ET and XT were 80.0% and 70.0%, respectively. Conclusion The reliability of Krimsky test was better than Photo-Hirschberg test for measuring an angle of deviation.

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THERAPEUTIC BLOWING TOYS: DOES THE OVERLAP OF VENTILATORY STIMULI ALTER THE RESPIRATORY MECHANICS OF HEALTHY SCHOOLCHILDREN?

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Author(s):

Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski ◽

Bruna Cardoso Manna ◽

Fabíula Joanita da Mata Belém ◽

Tayná Castilho

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Respiratory Mechanics ◽

International Study ◽

Random Order ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

The Moment

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify whether the overlapping of ventilatory stimuli, resulting from playing with blowing toys, changes the respiratory mechanics of healthy schoolchildren. Methods: Cross-sectional study with healthy schoolchildren aged seven to 14 years old from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Spirometric data were obtained, a health questionnaire and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire were also applied. The procedure consisted of playing with the following blow toys in a random order: soap bubbles, party whistles and balloon. Before and after the intervention, the assessment of respiratory mechanics was carried out by impulse oscillometry - IOS (Erich Jaeger, Germany®). The ANOVA for repeated measures test was applied. Results: 71 students of both genders with mean age of 9.7±2.1 years participated in the study. Results showed a progressive decrease of impedance (Z5), total airway resistance (R5) and resonance frequency (Fres) when the moment before the use of the first toy was compared with the moment after the third toy (Z5/p=0.048; R5/p=0.049; Fres/p=0.004). Fres also differed between the moment before the first and the second toy (p=0.048). After the use of each of the three blowing toys, the oscillometric parameters did not differ. Conclusions: The difference in oscillometric parameters of R5 before the use of each toy indicates that the overlap of ventilatory stimuli produced by them provided a reduction in the R5.

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