The sillimanite zones of the Huntly-Portsoy area in the north-east Dalradian, Scotland

1975 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Potash Feldspar ◽  
Grade Metamorphism ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Tectonic Dislocation

SummaryThe distribution of andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite in an important part of the NE Dalradian is mapped. Sillimanite represents a late episode overprinted on the regional Andalusite and Kyanite Zones. The spatial distribution of sillimanite confirms that the heat source for the sillimanite-grade metamorphism in this area was the Newer (or Younger) Basic magma. The sillimanitic aureole of the Newer Basic intrusives is divisible into a Sillimanite Zone and a higher-grade Sillimanite—potash feldspar Zone. Relict andalusite is common in the Sillimanite Zone. Coarse muscovite replacing other minerals is primary in both zones, and should not be confused with late retrograde effects. Electron-probe analytical data on the Sillimanite–potash feldspar zone paragenesis of muscovite are presented. In this, its type area, the so-called ‘Boyne Line’ does not exist; the concept of such a tectonic dislocation arose through misinterpretation of the metamorphic effects.

Note on the Occurrence of Dayia navicula (J. de C. Sowerby) in the Lower Ludlow Rocks of Shropshire

1939 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 360-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Great Thickness ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Type Area

In the type area the Ludlow Rocks generally have been divided into Lower Ludlow Shales, Aymestry Limestone, Dayia Shales and Whitcliffe Flags in upward sequence. The Dayia Shales are characterized by the presence of enormous numbers of Dayia navicula (J. de C. Sowerby). This preponderance of D. navicula in the shales immediately above the Aymestry Limestone has caused a tendency to regard beds in other localities containing this fossil as being on the same stratigraphical horizon in spite of the character of the accompanying fauna. In two recent papers on the Ludlow Rocks of the Welsh Borderland (Straw, 1937, and Earp, 1938) it has been shown that D. navicula ranges through at least 3,000 feet of strata, occurring commonly throughout this great thickness and outlasting more than one change of fauna. Although, in this area, the brachiopod ranges from the zone of Monograptus nilssoni into the Upper Ludlow it has not hitherto been recorded below the Aymestry Limestone in Shropshire. This gap in our knowledge is now filled by the discovery of specimens in Lower Ludlow Shales exposed in a small quarry 40 yards north-east of Stokewood Cottage, which is on the west side of the railway line a little over a mile south of Craven Arms. The quarry shows about 15 feet of nodular shales with thin limestone seams. The commonest fossils are Chonetes laevigata (J. de C. Sowerby), C. minima (J. de C. Sowerby), and Stropheodonta filosa (J. de C. Sowerby) which occur in large numbers on some of the bedding surfaces. Other fossils are Stropheodonta euglypha (Dalman), Delthyris sp., Orthoceras sp., Dalmanites sp., and a plectambonitid. Dayia navicula seems to be confined to a thin layer on the north side of the quarry. Graptolites referable to Monograptus cf. chimaera occur fairly commonly. About 400 yards in a south-easterly direction another small quarry exposes Conchidium Limestone which is about 170 feet stratigraphically above the beds in the first quarry.

scholarly journals Central Business District of St. Petersburg 1869–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Константин Аркадьевич Холодилин ◽  
Леонид Эдуардович Лимонов
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

The city center is at the core of urban and housing economics. Many models crucially depend on it. In a market economy, the location of urban amenities, especially eating establishments, closely correlates with that of the city center and, more generally, with the Central Business District (CBD). In a centrally planned economy, the spatial distribution of those amenities is determined by the central planner and can differ significantly from a market-based distribution. Using the case of St. Petersburg (Russia), we investigate changes in the spatial distribution of eating establishments resulting from the transition from a market economy to a centrally planned one and then again to a market economy. In addition, we explore the shifts of the city center between 1895 and 2017 using eating establishments as a proxy. The spatial distribution is analyzed using a 2-D kernel density estimation. We find evidence for a substantial reduction and dispersion of eating establishments during the Soviet period. We also establish that after the October 1917 Revolution the city center of St. Petersburg moved several kilometers to the north-east.

spatial distribution patterns of basking sharks on the european shelf: preliminary comparison of satellite-tag geolocation, survey and public sightings data

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
e.j. southall ◽  
d.w. sims ◽  
j.d. metcalfe ◽  
j.i. doyle ◽  
s. fanshawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Satellite Tag

current concerns about the population levels of the basking shark (cetorhinus maximus) in the north-east atlantic have prompted a need to understand population distribution, habitat preference and centres of abundance. in this study, spatial distribution maps derived from satellite-tag geolocations, boat surveys and public sightings data were compared. the broad distribution patterns revealed by these different methods are similar, but there are considerable differences in density distributions. surface sightings data show high densities, or ‘hotspots’ in the hebridean sea, clyde sea, irish sea and close inshore around devon and cornwall. tag geolocations, in contrast, identified two areas where individuals spent considerable time outside the distributions indicated by surveys and public sightings: the celtic sea and western approaches of the english channel. the reason for this disparity and its implications for population estimates for the species are discussed.

scholarly journals Detecting and Analyzing the Increase of High-Rising Buildings to Monitor the Dynamic of the Xiong’an New Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4355
Author(s):  
Liwei Li ◽  
Jinming Zhu ◽  
Lianru Gao ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Fully Convolutional Networks ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Urban Dynamic

As an effort to monitor the urban dynamic of the Xiong’an new area, this paper proposed a novel procedure to detect the increase of High-Rising Buildings (HRBs) from multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data based on Fully Convolutional Networks. The procedure was applied to detect the increase of HRBs between 2017 and 2019 in 39 counties in the center of the Xiong’an new area. The detected increases were validated and then analyzed in terms of their quantities, spatial distribution and driving forces at the county level. The results indicate that our method can effectively detect the increase of HRBs in large urban areas. The quantity and spatial distribution of the increased HRBs varies a lot in the 39 counties. Most of the increase is located in the north-east and the mid-west of the study region. As to the driving forces, it seems that no single factor can fully explain the increase. Among the five selected factors, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and transportation accessibility have clear high impacts than others. Number of Permanent Residents (NPR) and policy follow as the secondary group. The terrain has the lowest influence on the increase. Our method provides a useful tool to dynamically monitor HRBs in large areas and also the increase of HRBs can be employed as a new indicator to characterize urban development.

Artefact function and the distribution of activities

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Analogical Inference ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Bronze Vessel ◽  
Bronze Vessels

In chapter 3, I discussed some of the nomenclature ascribed to Roman artefacts by modern scholars. In certain cases, I assessed the validity of this nomenclature’s assignation of functions to particular artefacts in this catalogue, especially with regard to Latin labels. The present chapter develops this discussion further, by using this contextualized study of finds assemblages to further our knowledge of the activities for which certain types of artefacts were used and of the spatial distribution of these activities. Sometimes the contexts and assemblages support and broaden our current knowledge, but at other times this study throws doubt on our current understandings of the relationships between this material and human activity. There is not space here to deal with all the classes of material in this catalogue so a few examples are highlighted. However, it should be noted that these observations are specific to Pompeii, and that any extrapolation from them to other parts of the Roman Empire, without further evidence, should be treated with caution. This discussion is also based predominantly on artefact distribution in Pompeii and any analogical inference which might be drawn from literary sources is avoided. This does not mean, however, that such inference should not be made using the results. The following labels, many of which were highlighted in the terminology chapter (Chapter 3), give either misleading or non-specific perspectives on the functions of certain Roman artefacts. Examples from this catalogue are used to demonstrate this, and to propose alternative possibilities. This term means a drinking vessel and is used in the Pompeii reports for a small biconical ceramic pot. None of the so-labelled ceramic examples in this catalogue has actually survived. However, a bronze vessel of the form to which this label was given (cat. no. 1286), was found in portico 10 of the Casa del Fabbro, together with a comparable jar (cat. no. 1287), but probably in a salvage assemblage. In the Casa del Menandro, one so-labelled ceramic pot (cat. no. 828) was recorded in the north-east corner of Room 43, together with a number of larger bronze vessels. The latter were possibly associated with ablutions, the serving of food and wine, and religion.

scholarly journals Spatial characteristics analysis of drought disasters in North China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoben Bi ◽  
Shengjie Bi ◽  
Changchun Chen ◽  
Athanase Nkunzimana ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
North China ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
North West ◽  
Orthogonal Function ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Drought Disaster

Abstract. This paper studies grade sequence of drought disasters in 21 sites in Ming and Qing Dynasties (1470–1912) in North China. Two aspects are explored, in order to study the spatial distribution and characteristics of drought disaster in North China. The reconstruction of the sequence of drought disaster in North China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and on Rotated Empiric Orthogonal Function (REOF). The drought disaster has been divided into several space models and into several sensitive space areas. It can provide an important basis for the better understanding of the spatial distribution of drought disasters in North China during the historical period. The research's results show that: the frequency is high in northern area and is low in southern area of North China. The frequency of drought intensity is high in South-East, low in West China. Meanwhile, the North China can be divided into six main sensitive regions: Middle-east of North China, west of North China, South of North China, East of North China, North-east and North-west of North China.

scholarly journals Interannual analysis of high spatially-resolved δ18O and δ2H data in precipitation across North-East Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Masiol ◽  
Daniele Zannoni ◽  
Barbara Stenni ◽  
Giuliano Dreossi ◽  
Luca Zini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

<p>Stable water isotopes are widely-used tracers to investigate hydrological processes occurring in the atmosphere and to determine the geospatial origin of water, i.e. to acquire useful information about the hydrological cycles over catchment basins and to find the origin of water recharging rivers, aquifers, and springs. Mapping the isotopic composition of precipitation provides hydrological and climate information at regional and global scales. However, the isotopic composition of precipitation is usually analyzed at large scales with a limited spatial resolution. In Italy, a few studies mapped the oxygen stable isotopes using annually-averaged data, not accounting for the strong seasonality of the isotopic composition linked to climatic and weather factors. To partially fill this gap, the present study proposes a detailed analysis of more than 2250 isotope data (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>2</sup>H, and deuterium excess) related to precipitations collected in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region (Italy) with monthly or seasonal frequency in 36 sites between 1984 and 2015.</p><p>The FVG region lies at the north-eastern end of Italy, bordering Austria in the North and Slovenia in the East, and extends over ~7.9·10<sup>3</sup> km<sup>2</sup>. From a hydrogeological point of view, FVG is an interesting case study. Large highly-permeable carbonate aquifers are present in the Alps and Prealps, while the southern part of the region is characterized by an alluvial plain, split by the spring belt into two sectors: the High Plain in the North, characterized by an highly-permeable unconfined aquifer, and the Low Plain in the South, characterized by a system of confined and artesian aquifers. All the aquifers are recharged by the effective precipitations which in the FVG exhibits among the highest annual precipitation rates in Italy (with peaks >3000 mm/year).</p><p>For the present research, the isotopic data were used: (i) to analyze the spatial and seasonal variability of isotopic composition; (ii) to relate water isotopes with orography and weather parameters collected from meteorological stations as well as using ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis; (iii) to reconstruct the local meteoric water lines across the FVG at annual and seasonal bases; (iv) to quantify interannual trends and analyze their spatial distribution; and (iv) to model the spatial distribution of isotope content in precipitation and create annual and seasonal maps.</p>

scholarly journals A cloud-to-ground lightning climatology for north-eastern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Feudale ◽  
A. Manzato ◽  
S. Micheletti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Southern Flank

Abstract. This study analyzes the spatial distribution and temporal characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightnings (C2G) in the North East of Italy and the neighboring areas of Austria, Slovenia and Croatia. The dataset consists of about 6.5 millions C2G flash records, both positive and negative, observed between January 1995 and December 2011 by the "Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano-Sistema Italiano Rilevamento Fulmini'' (CESI/SIRF), part of the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) Network. The results show that C2G lightnings concentrate in the foothill regions on the southern flank of the Eastern Alps with a maximum of discharge frequency of 10 lightnings per km2 per year. The number of C2G strokes varies with the period of the year: the most active period for lightning starts in April and lasts through November with the highest number of C2G strokes happening during the summer months of July and August, with maximum spatial density slightly moving from the mountain to the coastal area. The least frequency of C2G strokes is observed during wintertime. The mean diurnal C2G lightning activity for the whole domain shows a peak around 16:00–17:00 UTC and reaches a minimum around 07:00–09:00 UTC; the mean spatial distribution follows different patterns depending on the period of the day.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Lichens in the North-East regions of Cyprus

1999 ◽  
Vol 110 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Güvenç ◽  
Ş Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
North East ◽  
The North
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