Metamorphic evolution of the Karimnagar granulite terrane, Eastern Dharwar Craton, south India

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. PRAKASH ◽  
I. N. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Dharwar Craton ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Eastern Dharwar Craton ◽  
Geochronological Data ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Crustal

AbstractThe Karimnagar granulite terrane is an integral part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), India, having been the subject of much interest because of the only reported granulite facies rocks in the EDC. It shows a large variety of rock types with a wide range of mineral parageneses and chemical compositions, namely charnockites (Opx+Pl+perthite+Qtz±Bt±Grt), gneisses (Opx+Crd+Bt+Pl+Qtz+perthite±Sil±Grt±Spl; Bt+Qtz+Pl±Crd±Hbl±Spl), mafic granulites (Cpx+Pl+Qtz±Opx±Hbl), quartz-free granulites (Spr+Spl+Bt+Crd+Kfs+Crn; Bt+Crd+Kfs±Crn±Spl±Krn; And+Bt+Kfs+Chl), granites (Qtz+Pl+Kfs±Bt±Hbl), altered ultramafic rocks (Chl+Trem+Tlc), metadolerites (Cpx+Pl±Bt±Qtz±Chl), banded magnetite quartzites and quartzites. Andalusite- and chlorite-bearing assemblages presumably suggest a retrograde origin. Investigation of quartz-free granulites of the area brings out some interesting and important observations, reflecting the presence of refractory phases. These granulites are devoid of sillimanite and contain corundum instead. Reaction textures in the gneisses include breakdown of garnet to form coronas and symplectites of orthopyroxene+cordierite, formation of cordierite from garnet+sillimanite+quartz and late retrograde biotite and biotite+quartz symplectites. In the mafic granulites, inclusions of quartz and hornblende within orthopyroxene are interpreted as being a part of the prograde assemblage. At a later stage orthopyroxene is also rimmed by hornblende. The quartz-free granulites display a variety of spectacular coronas, for example, successive rims on corundum consisting of spinel+sapphirine+cordierite±orthopyroxene, rare skeletal symplectitic intergrowth of sapphirine+cordierite+potash feldspar, and late retrograde formation of chlorite, corundum, spinel and andalusite from sapphirine±cordierite. Based on chemographic relationships and petrogenetic grids, a sequence of prograde, isothermal decompressive and retrograde reactions have been inferred. Quartz-free sapphirine granulites and mafic granulites record the highest P–T conditions (~7 kbar, 850°C), whereas the gneisses were formed at lower P–T conditions (~5 kbar, 800°C). In addition, the presence of andalusite-bearing rocks suggests a pressure of around 2.5 kbar. This change in pressure from 7 kbar to around 2.5 kbar suggests a decompressive path for the evolution of granulites in the study area, which indicates an uplift for the granulite-facies rocks from lower crustal conditions. The implications for supercontinent history are also addressed in light of available geochronological data.

scholarly journals The mode of occurrence and petrogenesis of the sapphirine-bearing and associated rocks of West Greenland

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
R.K Herd ◽  
B.F Windley ◽  
M Ghisler
Keyword(s):  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Amphibolite Facies ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Granulite Facies Metamorphism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Facies Metamorphism ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Anorthosite Complex

Seven occurrences of sapphirine-bearing rocks in the Fiskenæsset region are described in detail. They occur within a chromite-layered anorthosite complex that was metamorphosed by a hornblende-granulite facies metamorphism and then by a cordierite-amphibolite facies metamorphism. They were derived from spinel-layered ultramafic rocks that mostly occur as layers and lenses along the contacts between major metaanorthosite and pyribolite/amphibolite horizons within the complex. There are four types of sapphirine-bearing rocks - enstatite, pargasite, gedrite and phlogopite types, which represent a petrogenetic sequence involving increasing degrees of Si, Ca, K and H2O metasomatism related to shearing and deformation along meta-anorthosite-pyribolite junctions. Their relationship to associated non-sapphirine-bearing rocks is described. Brief mineralogical and petrological data are given for the principal minerals and rocks. In addition, two occurrences in the Sukkertoppen region are described in detail; these are also localised in meta-norite-ultramafic lenses in high grade gneisses. It is concluded that sapphirine is stable within a wide range af pressure and temperature conditions, but within a limited range of chemical environments.

Structure and geochronology of Sargur schist belt, Western Dharwar Craton, southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusmita Swain ◽  
Sukumari Rekha
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Dharwar Craton ◽  
Schist Belt ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Crenulation Cleavage ◽  
Supracrustal Belt ◽  
Magnetite Quartzite ◽  
Moyar Shear Zone ◽  
Granulite Terrain

<p>The Sargur schist belt (SSB) - one of the oldest supracrustal belt (>3.4 Ga) - occurs as discontinuous band along the south-eastern part of Western Dharwar Craton of Indian peninsula. It is a 320 km long belt present in form of lenses, sheets, enclaves, pockets, patches and disrupted layers within the peninsular gneisses, tectonically interleaved, deformed and metamorphosed together with the associated supracrustal rocks (Janardhan et al., 1978; Srikantappa et al., 1984, 1985; Bidyananda and Mitra, 2005; Jayananda et al., 2008). The SSB shows a wide variation in lithology ranging from metapelites, metamafites, metaultramafites, quartzites, calc-silicates etc. with a varying metamorphic grade from greenschist to granulite facies. The major rock types in the study area include garnet-biotite±muscovite±staurolite schist, talc-tremolite-chlorite schist, banded magnetite quartzite, micaceous quartzite, hornblende-biotite±garnet gneiss, amphibolite schist, pyroxene granulites, foliated/deformed granite etc. The fabric in schistose rocks is mainly defined by the shape preferred aggregates of biotite-muscovite (in metapelites) and tremolite-talc-chlorite/amphibole (in metamafites/ultramafites). Whereas the gneissic fabric is defined by the quartzo-feldspathic rich leucocratic layers and biotite-garnet-amphibole-pyroxene rich melanocratic layers.</p><p>In the northern part, the SSB trends roughly N-S but towards the southern part the fabric orientation changes to E-W, whereas the dip is nearly vertical through-out the belt. The belt has undergone at least three phases of deformations. In the northern part the most penetrative fabric is a crenulation cleavage S<sub>1</sub>. The S<sub>1</sub> fabric describes open asymmetric folds having sub-vertical N-S and NNE-SSW axial plane (S<sub>2</sub>). The F<sub>2</sub> fold plunges gentle to moderately towards NNE to SSW. A set of E-W trending shears (S<sub>3</sub>) truncating the S<sub>2</sub> axial zones are zonally developed. In the southern part, as the E-W trending Moyar shear zone approaches, the early fabrics are obliterated or brought into parallelism with the E-W trending penetrative S<sub>3</sub> fabric. U-Th-total Pb dating of texturally controlled metamorphic monazites have yielded mainly two different age peaks at 2.2-2.3Ga and 2.4-2.5Ga with few older ages of ~2.7Ga ages along the northern part while the sample from the southern part (near to the E-W trending Moyar shear zone) gave younger ages ranging from 700-850 Ma and 500-600 Ma.</p><p>From the integration of structural and chronological data the D<sub>2</sub> deformation corresponds to the E-W shortening during the East and West Dharwar Craton accretion is syn- to post-tectonic with respect to the 2.4-2.6 Ga monazite growth. The 700-850 Ma and 500-600 Ma monazite growths post-tectonic with respect to the D<sub>3</sub> deformation indicates that the Neoproterozoic accretionary events affected the whole Southern Granulite Terrain and recrystallize the monazites present in the Moyar shear zone.</p>

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Todd Backes ◽  
Charlene Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the self-propelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a self-propelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

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