scholarly journals Subsurface structure of the Netherlands - results of recent onshore and offshore mapping

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J.T. Duin ◽  
J.C. Doornenbal ◽  
R.H.B. Rijkers ◽  
J.W. Verbeek ◽  
Th.E. Wong
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Depth Maps ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Roer Valley Graben

AbstractThis paper presents depth maps for eight key horizons and seven thickness maps covering the onshore and offshore areas for the Late Permian to recent sedimentary section of the Netherlands. These maps, prepared in the context of a TNO regional mapping project, are supported by nine regional structural cross sections and a table summarizing the timing of tectonic activity from Carboniferous to recent. These new regional maps enable the delineation of various structural elements but also reveal the development of these elements through time with improved detail. Since the latest Carboniferous the tectonic setting of the Netherlands changed repeatedly. During successive tectonic phases several pre-existing structural elements were reactivated and new elements appeared. The various identified regional structural elements are grouped into six tectonically active periods: Late Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Late Jurassic, Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This study demonstrates that many structural elements and fault systems were repeatedly reactivated and that a clear distinction exists between long-lived elements, such as the Roer Valley Graben, and short-lived structural elements, such as the Terschelling Basin.

TECTONIC SETTING, STRATIGRAPHY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE BEDOUT SUB-BASIN, NORTH WEST SHELF

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Paul Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
North West ◽  
Canning Basin ◽  
Carbonate Deposition ◽  
Migration Pathways

The tectonic and depositional histories of the Bedout Sub-basin are closely related to more widely explored areas of the southern North West Shelf, i.e. the Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins. The Mesozoic Bedout Sub-basin onlaps and overlies the Palaeozoic offshore Canning Basin sequence. Four distinct tectonic regimes characterised the Triassic, Early to Late Jurassic, Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, and Tertiary to present:During the Triassic, the Bedout Sub-basin was part of a broad intracratonic downwarp that also encompassed the Barrow, Dampier and Beagle Sub-basins. A thick sequence of Locker Shale and Upper and Lower Keraudren Formations (Mungaroo Formation equivalent) was deposited.During the Jurassic rifting phase, the Bedout Sub-basin was a subsiding rim basin, landward of the uplifted rift margin. Sedimentation was dominated by a thick sequence of fluviodeltaic to marginal marine deposits.In the post-break-up phase from the Callovian to latest Cretaceous, a transgressive regime resulted in deep open marine conditions with widespread claystone and minor carbonate deposition over the southern North West Shelf.Through the Tertiary to the present, shallow shelf conditions prevailed and sedimentation was dominated by a thick prograding carbonate wedge.Hydrocarbon source is provided by a thick sequence of Triassic Locker Shale and Lower Keraudren Formation. The Locker Shale is presently mature for hydrocarbon generation over most of the Bedout Sub-basin and has the potential to generate both oil and gas. The Lower Keraudren Formation is a mature source mainly for gas/condensate in deeper sections of the sub-basin. Jurassic marine claystones, which represent a prolific source in the Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins, are not present in the Bedout Sub-basin.Reservoir rocks exist in the Triassic and Jurassic sections. However, gentle Jurassic rim basin tectonic activity has resulted in minor faulting compared to the adjacent rift. This has limited migration pathways from Triassic source to Jurassic reservoirs. The primary reservoir objectives are sandstones of the Triassic Upper and Lower Keraudren Formations.Although large structural traps are uncommon, there is considerable potential to host large hydrocarbon accumulations in stratigraphic traps. A giant prospect involving the onlap of the Triassic sequence has been identified in the eastern Bedout Sub-basin. Pursuit of this play should accelerate exploration in this sparsely drilled area.

scholarly journals Seismic structural mapping of the Middle and Upper Jurassic in the Danish Central Trough

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Jens Jørgen Møller
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
Structural Mapping ◽  
New Name ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Central Trough

The Middle and Upper Jurassic of the Danish Central Trough have been studied by the use of seismic structural mapping. The area studied is divided into the following structural elements which are the Ringkøbing-Fyn High, the Mid North Sea High, the Mads High (new name), the Inge High (new name), the Mandal High, the Tail End Graben, the Arne-Elin Graben (new name), the Feda Graben, the Gertrud Graben (new name), the Salt Dome Province, the Sogne Basin, the Pout Plateau (new name), the Heno Plateau (new name), the Outer Rough Basin, the Grensen Nose, and the Gert Ridge (new name). These structural elements are described individually. The structural framework is demonstrated to be dominated by north-south trending normal faults and northwest-southeast trending right-lateral strike-slip faults. The most active rifting phases in the Mesozoic period took place during the Middle and Late Jurassic. The tectonic activity ceased during the Late Jurassic in the southern part of the Danish Central Trough, while in the northern part the activity continued into the Early Cretaceous. During the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary the faults were reactivated by inversion caused by transpression related to the formation of the Alpine Fold Belt.

Late Jurassic-Late Permian dolomites in central Saudi Arabia: Ca:Mg stoichiometry and Sr-content

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Banat ◽  
Mohammed H. Basyoni ◽  
Rashad H. Zeidan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Late Permian

scholarly journals Large Evaporite Provinces: Geothermal rather than Solar Origin?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Qin ◽  
Chunan Tang ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
The Masses

Abstract Large evaporite provinces (LEPs) represent prodigious volumes of evaporites widely developed from the Sinian to Neogene. The reasons why they often quickly develop on a large scale with large areas and thicknesses remain enigmatic. Possible causes range from warming from above to heating from below. The fact that the salt deposits in most salt-bearing basins occur mainly in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian-Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals favours a dominantly tectonic origin rather than a solar driving mechanism. Here, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution of evaporites based on 138 evaporitic basins and found that throughout the Phanerozoiceon, LEPs occurred across the Earth’s surface in most salt-bearing basins, especially in areas with an evolutionary history of strong tectonic activity. The masses of evaporites, rates of evaporite formation, tectonic movements, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) synergistically developed in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals, which are considered to be four of the warmest times since the Sinian. We realize that salt accumulation can proceed without solar energy and can generally be linked to geothermal changes in tectonically active zones. When climatic factors are involved, they may be manifestations of the thermal influence of the crust on the surface.

scholarly journals Geochemical trends in central and western North Greenland

1987 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
A Steenfelt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
The North ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Vein Type ◽  
North Greenland

Geochemical maps and geochemical cross-sections, based on chemical analyses of the < 0.1 mm fraction of stream sediment samples collected at a density of approximately 1 sample per 30 km2 in central and western North Greenland, show that the distribution patterns for the major elements and some trace elements reflect the main lithological units of the North Greenland Palaeozoic platform and trough. By contrast the distribution patterns for S and Sr are different. High S values are correlated with zones of tectonic activity and are thought to indicate migration of H2S along faults. High Sr values are correlated with evaporitic rocks in the platform sequence and with deep sea carbonates. High BaO values occurring along the Silurian platform margin and in the Ordovician platform-slope sequence are the result of Ba enrichment in the sedimentary environment, combined with epigenetic vein-type baryte mineralisation.

scholarly journals Calculation of strength of heated curvilinear bar structural elements of tubular cross-sections

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Мykola Voytovych ◽  
◽  
Lev Velychko ◽  
Roman Lampika ◽  
Khrystyna Lishchynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Structural Elements

Geology and geochemistry of pillow basalt in the Huilvshan region (west Junggar, China): implications for magma source and tectonic setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339-1353
Author(s):  
Huichao Zhang ◽  
Yongfeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Chromian Spinel ◽  
Magma Source ◽  
Spinel Lherzolite ◽  
Pillow Basalt ◽  
Depleted Mantle ◽  
West Junggar

Geological characteristics and geochemical analyses are reported for the early Carboniferous pillow basalt in the Huilvshan region (west Junggar, Northwest China), with the aim to indicate its petrogenesis, magma source characteristics, and tectonic implication. This pillow basalt consists of clinopyroxene and plagioclase with trace amounts of magnetite, apatite, and chromian spinel. It is tholeiitic in composition with low concentrations of Na2O + K2O (1.52–4.74 wt.%). Similar to the N-MORB, the samples of this pillow basalt have nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns ((La/Yb)N = 0.87–1.47) with insignificant Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.84–1.18), and show no obvious enrichments of LILEs and insignificant depletions in HFSEs. Petrology and geochemical characteristics suggest that this pillow basalt is the product of MORB-like magma derived from a depleted mantle corresponding to ≤4% partial melting of spinel lherzolite. SIMS analysis of the zircons separated from tuff interlayered with basalt gives a weighted average U–Pb age of 328 ± 3 Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which represents the magma eruption time in the Huilvshan region. From these observations, in combination with the previous work, we conclude that an extensional tectonic regime dominated the tectonic activity of west Junggar during early Carboniferous.

Delineating active faults across the Narmada-Son Lineament (NSL), India using the technique of Fracture Induced Electromagnetic Radiation (FEMR)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreeja Das ◽  
Jyotirmoy Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Central India ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Crustal Stresses ◽  
Tectonically Active

&lt;p&gt;The Fracture Induced Electromagnetic Radiation (FEMR) technique has gradually progressed in the past decade as a useful geophysical tool to determine the direction and magnitude of recent crustal stresses, visualize the modification and realignment of stresses inside tunnels thus proving to be an important precursor for geohazards, earthquake forecasting, as well as delineate landslide-prone slip planes in unstable regions. Its working principle is based on the generation of geogenic electromagnetic radiation emanating from the brittle rock bodies that are fractured being subjected to an incremental increase of the differential stress in the near-surface of the Earth&amp;#8217;s crust. The &amp;#8220;Process zone&amp;#8221; at the fractured crack tip contains numerous microcracks which subsequently creates dipoles due to the polarization of charges on such microcrack tips which rapidly oscillates emitting FEMR waves of frequencies between KHz to MHz range. The coalescence of the microcracks eventually leads to a macro failure dampening the amplitude of the FEMR pulses. The attenuation of FEMR pulses is comparatively lesser than seismic waves making it a more efficient precursor to potential tectonic activities indicating an upcoming earthquake a few hours/days before the actual event. In the current study, we have attempted to exploit this technique to identify the locations of the potential active faults across the tectonically active Narmada-Son Lineament (NSL), Central India. Although the first tectonic stage involved rifting and formation of the NSL during the Precambrian time, the rifting continued at least till the time of Gondwana deposition. Later, tectonic inversion took place as a result of the collision between the Indian and the Eurasian plate resulting in reverse reactivation of the faults. Episodic reverse movement along NSL caused recurrent earthquakes and linear disposition of the sediments that were deposited at the foothills of the Satpura Horst. Although the origin of East-West trending NSL dates back to the Precambrian time, it is very much tectonically active as manifested by recent earthquakes. The study has been conducted by taking linear FEMR readings across 3 traverses along the NSL which on analysis provides an idea about the potential active faults, their locations, and frequency of occurrence. The accumulation of strain in the brittle rocks that can eventually lead to a macro failure is demarcated as an anomalous increase in the amplitude of the FEMR pulses indicative of an upcoming tectonic episode in the region. To further corroborate the analysis, we have attempted to determine the neo-tectonic activity in the region by calculating the morphometric parameters across the Khandwa-Itarsi-Jabalpur region, Central India. Finally, we attempt to comment on the tectonic evolution of Central India in the recent past. We also encourage researchers to adapt the novel technique of FEMR which is swift, affordable, and feasible compared to conventional techniques deployed to survey the active tectonics of a region.&lt;/p&gt;

Late-Mesozoic tectonic evolution and magmatic history of the Zhe-Gan-Wan region, SE China: evidence from the Shiling rhyolite and other Yanshanian granitoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Xiu Liu ◽  
Xinqi Yu ◽  
Pengju Li ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Mengyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
Lithospheric Extension ◽  
Peraluminous Granites

Yanshanian granitoids (178–120 Ma, Jurassic to Cretaceous), which intruded into Precambrian crystalline base- ment and Paleozoic strata, are widely distributed at the junction of the Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces (the ZGW region) in southern China, along with coeval volcanic rocks. This paper summarizes zircon U–Pb age data, geochemi- cal characteristics and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of the Late Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous granitoids and volcanic rocks from the ZGW region. We demonstrate that members of the Shiling rhyolite formed during two different periods of magmatic activity at 154.7 ± 2.5 Ma and 139–134 Ma and that igneous rocks from the different periods have distinct geochemical characteristics. Jurassic igneous rocks of the ZGW region have relatively low SiO2and high Al 2O3contents, and show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depletion of high field strength elements (HFSEs). They are strongly enriched in LREE and depleted in HREEs with weakly negative Eu anomalies and strongly negative Nb, Ta anomalies. Rb and Y concentrations follow the trends of I-type and S-type granites. By contrast, Cretaceous igneous rocks of this region are characterized by high SiO2and low Al2O3contents with negative Eu anomalies. They have typical wing- shaped rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns and show enrichment of Rb, Th, U, Nb, Ta and depletion of Ba, Sr, P and Ti. They have affinity to A-type peraluminous granites or highly-fractionated felsic rocks. Overall, the igneous rocks evolved from high-Sr low-Yb to low-Sr high-Yb, which might reflect the evolution of the tectonic setting from subduction to lithospheric extension/thinning, i. e., a transition from a continental margin subduction setting during the Late Jurassic to a within-plate extensional setting during the Early Cretaceous, at c. 142 ± 3 Ma. The repeated alternation between lava extrusion and extension and extensional fault kinematics in the late Mesozoic is related to the changes of direction and rate of plate movement of the Izanagi and Pacific plates.

scholarly journals Tectonic Evolution of the West Bogeda: Evidences from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry Proxies, NW China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Yalong Li ◽  
Wei Yue ◽  
Xun Yu ◽  
Xiangtong Huang ◽  
Zongquan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Continental Rift ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Island Arcs ◽  
The West ◽  
Structural Deformations ◽  
Tian Shan

The Bogeda Shan (Mountain) is in southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and well preserved Paleozoic stratigraphy, making it an ideal region to study the tectonic evolution of the CAOB. However, there is a long-standing debate on the tectonic setting and onset uplift of the Bogeda Shan. In this study, we report detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry of the Permian sandstone samples, to decipher the provenance and tectonic evolution of the West Bogeda Shan. The Lower-Middle Permian sandstone is characterized by a dominant zircon peak age at 300–400 Ma, similar to the Carboniferous samples, suggesting their provenance inheritance and from North Tian Shan (NTS) and Yili-Central Tian Shan (YCTS). While the zircon record of the Upper Permian sandstone is characterized by two major age peaks at ca. 335 Ma and ca. 455 Ma, indicating the change of provenance after the Middle Permian and indicating the uplift of Bogeda Shan. The initial uplift of Bogeda Shan was also demonstrated by structural deformations and unconformity occurring at the end of Middle Permian. The bulk elemental geochemistry of sedimentary rocks in the West Bogeda Shan suggests the Lower-Middle Permian is mostly greywacke with mafic source dominance, and tectonic setting changed from the continental rift in the Early Permian to post rift in the Middle Permian. The Upper Permian mainly consists of litharenite and sublitharenite with mafic-intermediate provenances formed in continental island arcs. The combined evidences suggest the initial uplift of the Bogeda Shan occurred in the Late Permian, and three stages of mountain building include the continental rift, post-rift extensional depression, and continental arc from the Early, Middle, to Late Permian, respectively.

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