ARISTOCRATIC LIBERALISM IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNELIEN DE DIJN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Benjamin Constant ◽  
Definition Of

This article investigates the nature and prevalence of aristocratic liberalism in post-revolutionary France. Defenders of the aristocracy, it argues, departed from a specific conception of liberty, which can be distinguished both from a purely negative definition of liberty as the ability to do what one wanted to do, and from a republican conception of liberty as something that could be guaranteed through self-government alone. To legitimate the role of the aristocracy in post-revolutionary France, publicists and politicians developed a conception of liberty as a condition that could be guaranteed only through the existence of ‘intermediary powers’ between the central government and the people. Although this conception of liberty was severely criticized by Restoration liberals such as Benjamin Constant, it had a considerable impact on the debate about the best way to safeguard liberty in nineteenth-century France, as appears from texts by important political thinkers such as Tocqueville and Dupont-White.

scholarly journals PENGUATAN PERAN APARATUR PEMERINTAHAN DESA DALAM MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS PEMERINTAHAN DESA DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU JAWA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasji Rasji
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Technical Guidance

Village government is the lowest level of government in the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Its existence is very strategic for the implementation of programs of the central government, local government, and the wishes of the village community, so that the village government can help create a balance between the goals desired by the state and those desired by the people, namely the welfare of the people. For this reason, the role of village government officials is important to achieve the success of implementing village government tasks. In fact, there are still many village government officials who have not been able to carry out their duties and authorities properly and correctly. How are efforts to strengthen the role of village government officials so that they are able to carry out their duties and authority properly and correctly? One effort that can be done is to provide technical guidance to village government officials regarding village governance, the duties and authorities of village government officials, as well as the preparation of village regulations. Through this activity, it is hoped that the role of the village government apparatus in carrying out their duties and authorities will be strong, so that their duties and authorities can be carried out properly and correctlyABSTRAK;Pemerintahan desa adalah tingkat pemerintahan terendah di dalam Pemerintahan Negara Republik Indonesia. Keberadaannya sangat strategis bagi penerapan program pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, dan keinginan masyarakat desa, sehingga pemerintah desa dapat membantu terciptanya keseimbangan tujuan yang diinginkan oleh negara dan yang diinginkan oleh rakyat yaitu kesejahteraan rakyat. Untuk itu peran aparatur pemerintahan desa menjadi penting untuk mencapai keberhasilan pelaksanaan tugas pemerintahan desa. Pada kenyataannya masih banyak aparatur pemerintahan desa yang belum dapat melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya dengan baik dan benar. Bagaimana upaya menguatkan peran aparatur pemerintahan desa, agar mampu menjalankan tugas dan wewenangnya secara baik dan benar? Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah memberikan bimbingan teknis kepada aparatur pemerintahan desa mengenai pemerintahan desa, tugas dan wewenang aparatur pemerintah desa, maupun penyusunan peraturan desa. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan peran aparatur pemerintahan desa dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya menjadi kuat, sehingga tugas dan wewenangnya dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan benar.

scholarly journals The Bones of Contention: The Secularization of Cemeteries and Funerals in the Spanish Second Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Matthew Kerry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The People ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Church

The secularizing efforts of the Spanish Second Republic met fierce resistance from Catholics and the Church. Local authorities spearheaded secularization in an unclear legal context, yet they also attempted to mediate between different demands, while protecting Catholic sentiment and respecting property rights. Cemeteries and funeral processions were a key battleground in a ‘culture war’ which straddles the nineteenth-century preoccupation with the role of religion in the lives of Spanish citizens and the intensity of interwar conflict, the bitter struggles to occupy public space, and the mobilization of antagonistic conceptualizations of the ‘people’.

Islamic Reform, the Family, and Knowledge Networks Linking Mecca to Southeast Asia in the Nineteenth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Francis R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of

Through a study of over 1,300 previously unanalyzed Malay Islamic manuscripts, this article examines the role of the Patani community in the construction of transoceanic knowledge networks between Mecca and Southeast Asia in the nineteenth century. Set against the backdrop of the destruction of prevailing symbols of authority, as well as the displacement and scattering of the community after 1200/1786, the present study investigates the manner by which scholars established new cultural unities for the community and addressed social concerns by translating and spreading Islamic writings, teachings, and schools. With its spiritual leadership centered now in Mecca, influential members of the community began producing works that were contingent upon political circumstances, but also directed at the problems facing the refugee community. Of foremost importance were the place and definition of the family, and related issues such as inheritance, divorce, and visible social actions, including ritual purity, fasting, almsgiving, and criminal punishments.

Acquiring capabilities in translation

Target ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Thomson-Wohlgemuth ◽  
Ian Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Quality Systems ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Translation Systems

There is increasing pressure on all industries to introduce Quality Management Systems, a development which has now also found entry into the translation industry. Industrial standards like the ISO family provide the basis of many such systems; however, for several reasons, such process-based standards are regarded by many as inappropriate for translation businesses. One common factor considered in this article is their failure to emphasise the role of people both in the definition of the processes and in their implementation. The present article proposes a new model for translation businesses, accepting the importance of people in the translation industry and recognising that process-driven quality systems may be inadequate in maintaining consistent levels of quality. The model is based on identifying the capabilities that incorporate the processes of an organisation and the behaviours embodied in the people involved in these processes. In this article, the model is referred to as Acquired Capabilities for Translation Systems (ACTS).

Integrating Micro- and Macro-Ergonomics

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 964-968
Author(s):  
David J. Gilmore ◽  
Derek Millard
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Definition Of

Understanding how a new piece of technology fits into a user's working environment is perhaps the classic definition of human factors or ergonomics – a view which fails to address the role of the organization in optimizing this fit. This paper presents a framework which tries to address this failure. The framework (the Dynamic Dilemmas model) is dynamic in that components of the framework are responding in real time to the behavior of other components – over and above any natural tendency they may have to develop and change on their own. And it is dilemma-based in that each component has its own needs and limits, not all of which can be met simultaneously, creating tricky choices concerning accommodation and optimization. In this framework traditional usability is a part of a complex process optimizing the three-way fit between people, technology and organizations, with the fit being assessed in relation to the activities, skills, limits, needs, philosophy and whims of the people, technology and organization.

scholarly journals The ‘Unknown Arts’ of Ancient America: Challenging Classical Art Canons in 19th-Century France The Reception of Pre-Columbian Art before the Primitivist and Surrealist Avant-gardes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Stüssi Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century

Pre-Columbian artefacts have been collected and exhibited in Europe since the 16th century. For a long time, they were considered exotic curiosities, ‘grotesque’ attempts at art by inferior peoples. This was a judgement stemming from a Eurocentric definition of art and, during the 19th century, indissociable from colonial and imperialist ideology. We present some views held in scholarly circles about pre-Columbian art in nineteenth-century France and focus on two artists, Jean Frédéric de Waldeck (1766-1875) and Emile Soldi (1846-1906), who drew from contemporary ethnographic and archaeological research, and pre-Columbian history to challenge the limits of academicism and the Beaux-Arts system.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH KOTA SURABAYA DALAM PENUMBUHAN BUDAYA BACA DI KALANGAN PELAJAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Hendrik ◽  
Lukman Solihin ◽  
Noviyanti Noviyanti ◽  
Indah Pratiwi ◽  
Kaisar Julizar
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Literacy Programs ◽  
City Administration ◽  
Literacy Events ◽  
The People ◽  
Reading Interest

This article is aimed at describing the role of Surabaya City Administration in nurturing the culture of reading. Presevious studies show that literacy level in Indonesia is relatively low. Inspite of its achievement in eradicating illiteracy, Indonesia has not managed nurturing the culture of reading. In decentralization era, local governments (provincial and regency/city) have vital roles in policy making. They have wider spaces for innovations and creativities in developing their societies and regions, based on the authorities that the central government transferred to them. This context made it possible for the Surabaya City Administration to make policies supporting the nurturing of the culture of reading. This article is based on a field research using qualitative method conducted in Surabaya City. The data of the research resulted from interviews with relevant parties, they are personnel of the Office of Educational Affairs of Surabaya City and the Board of Archive and Library of Surabaya City, and also desk studies. The findings of the research show that in the middle of limited policy instruments available for nurturing literacy, especially nurturing the culture of reading, Surabaya City Administration declared itself as a “city of literacy”, followed by many policies supporting the development of literacy. Those policies are the issuance of literacy-supporting regulations, synergy among related government agencies, human resources development, implementation of literacy events, and education ecosystem envionment. The result of the policies is the increase in the reading interest of the people supported by sustainable literacy programs.

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