scholarly journals WILLIAM PETTY, THE MULTIPLICATION OF MANKIND, AND DEMOGRAPHIC DISCOURSE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL SLACK
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Future Growth ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn the 1650s, after a century of increase, the population of England stopped growing. It was not to increase substantially again before 1750. Over the same interval, and not wholly coincidentally, scholars and theologians were trying to defend the orthodox account of how global population had increased since the Creation and must continue to do so, and the first political arithmeticians were trying to measure and analyse demographic change. This article seeks to throw fresh light on this many-sided discourse by examining William Petty's attempt to write an account of the multiplication of mankind, and the reasons why he failed to complete it. It focuses particularly on Petty's part in developing methods of measuring population density which highlighted the potential for future growth, and on the equally important demonstration by John Graunt that high and rising mortality in cities was hindering population growth in reality. As Petty's cousin Robert Southwell pointed out, Graunt's ‘rule of mortality’ was wholly incompatible with any coherent account of the future multiplication of mankind. At the end of this particular discourse, newly discovered facts about demography triumphed over the presuppositions of divinity.

Historical Research and Directions of French Royal Expansion in 16th — 17th Centuries

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Pavel Uvarov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scale Transformations

In the seventeenth century, the search for the “forgotten” rights of the king were an important aid in organizing French expansion, mainly in the eastern and northeastern directions. At the sovereign courts of Lorraine, Alsace and Franche-Comté “chambers of annexations” (chambres d’annexion) were created in 1680 to organize search for archival documents supporting royal claims to neighboring lands. The idea of creating special institutions engaged in the search for documents revealing the precedents of relations with other countries and forgotten rights, that French king had supposedly enjoyed in those parts, was expressed back during the reign of Henry II. In 1556, Raoul Spifame, a lawyer at the Paris Parliament, published a book consisting of fictitious royal decrees, of which many would be implemented in the future. Among other things he ordered, on behalf of the king, the creation of thirty chambers, each specializing in the search for documents in the “treasury of charters” relating to a particular province. He had determined the composition of these chambers, the procedure for work and the form of reporting, — all this in order to arm the king with knowledge of his forgotten rights and the content of antique treaties and agreements. The nomenclature of “provincial chambers” is especially interesting, from the Chambers of Scotland and England to the Chamber of Tunisia and Africa, as well as the Chamber of Portugal and the New Lands. Much more attention was attracted by those lands to which a century later the French expansion would be directed: Franche-Comté, Artois and Flanders, Lorraine, the Duchy of Cleves. But more than half of chambers specialized in the Italian lands. This is not surprising, since in the 1550s France was entering the climax of the Italian Wars. Under Henry II (1547—1559) one of the four secretaries of state, Jean du Thier, was the person responsible for the southwestern direction of French policy. There is reason to believe that Spifame was associated with du Thier or with other members of the king’s “reform headquarters”. The large-scale transformations already at work were interrupted by the unexpected death of Henry II and the subsequent Wars of Religion. But continuity was inherent in the “spirit of the laws” of the Ancien Régime, so Spifame was able to predict future developments, including the creation of “chambers of annexation”.

Children’s movements as citizenship from below

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-216
Author(s):  
Manfred Liebel
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Global South ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Do So

Citizenship of children implies that they can assume political co-responsibility in society on an ongoing basis, as well as influence societal processes and political decisions, not only in the future, but in the present. To understand children as citizens means that they can do so in a particular, but equal and equivalent way as adults. This must be accompanied by the development of a culture of children's rights in society that takes children seriously as legal subjects and grants them, in particular, participation rights, which enable them to make their own decisions in all areas of life and in society including questions, which touch the interests of adults. This requires not only the recognition of the children's competencies, but also the creation of conditions, which enable children to develop their agency competencies and use them practically. First, this chapter outlines what can be understood by citizenship in general and what problems are associated with the term. Then it discusses concepts of citizenship that relate directly to children and their relatively impotent social status. Finally, with regard to children, it explains what the term citizenship from below means, and how this can emerge from social movements of children, principally those from the Global South.

Realism and Responsibility

Basic Rights ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Henry Shue
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Subsistence Rights ◽  
Global Population

This chapter assesses the argument that the practical consequences of everyone's enjoying adequate nutrition—and especially the allegedly resultant global “population explosion”—would make the fulfillment of subsistence rights impracticable, however genuine the rights may be at a theoretical level. It would hurt the future poor. These population objections rest upon a thesis about inevitable deprivation: deprivation that is inevitable unless population growth is slowed by means of the international refusal to fulfill subsistence rights. If indeed the world now has, or soon will have, an absolute shortage of vital resources, then some people will simply have to do without the necessities for survival. On this thesis about the explanation of deprivation, the unavoidable deprivations resulting from the supposed excess of people are taken to be as purely natural as any social phenomenon could be, and attempting to provide social guarantees against the resultant starvation is made to look quixotic.

Le Ballet de l'Opéra: Trois Siècles de Suprématie Depuis Louis XIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Delattre-Destemberg ◽  
Marie Glon ◽  
Vannina Olivesi
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Scholarly Publication ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Cultural Institution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Paris Opera ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Future ◽  
Do So

As authors who contributed to an edited volume, we were startled to learn that editors added a subtitle that broadly declared French balletic supremacy. This text, entitledThe Opera Ballet: Three Centuries of Supremacy Beginning with Louis XIV[Le Ballet de l'Opéra: Trois siècles de suprématie depuis Louis XIV] (Auclair and Ghristi 2013), presents the notion of “supremacy” as a seductive value, and it is disturbing, to say the least. It is first and foremost a false assertion. The editors cannot seriously suppose that the Paris Opera Ballet, during the course of three centuries, occupied a position of dominance; and such a notion requires, in any case, detailed discussion establishing the criteria that are considered to define and delimit said domination. Such a title participates in a type of competition better identified with nation states, capitals, or European theaters after the seventeenth century. To suggest that the Paris Opera Ballet has always existed as a place of cultural “supremacy” is first of all to ignore the question ofmétissage, and to overlook how the institution adopted exogenous knowledge andsavoir-faire; it is a rejection of dance history that occurred elsewhere, entirely separate or sometimes in opposition to the productions of this single cultural institution. Most disturbing of all is the highlighting of the notion of “supremacy,” or a superiority and power over others. By valuing the notion of domination, the editors encourage readers to envision dance and the broader world in terms of inferiority and superiority (between classes, genders, nations, and cultures). The Paris Opera Ballet may have acted in the service of such an ideology in the past, and may do so again in the future; however, the role of a scholarly publication should be toanalyzediscourses of propaganda, not to reproduce them.

The Demise of Tourism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Lade ◽  
Paul Strickland ◽  
Elspeth Frew ◽  
Paul Willard ◽  
Sandra Cherro Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Population

This chapter investigates the possibility that the tourism industry, as we cur- rently know it, will significantly change and perhaps will not exist in the future. Some topics will be discussed in the realm of plausible futures, meaning that they may not happen, however it’s a possibility and in the event it does occur, the tourism industry should be prepared. The topics discussed in this chapter include having an understanding of the reliance of natural resources in the travel, hospitality and event sectors; global population growth; food security; the impact of war on tourism; and the moral considerations associated with certain tourist experiences. Pandemics including Covid-19 are mentioned in Chapters 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 14. The case study focuses on food security and the dangers of depleting the quantity of food around the globe, along with the availability of quality nutritional food. It also explores the changes in the types of food supplied to the tourism, hospitality and event sectors, and provokes consideration of the disparity between the wealthy and populations born into poverty.

scholarly journals La Comèdia de la General Conquista de Mallorca en relació amb el context cultural del sis-cents

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
August Darder-Moll
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
James I ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Do So

Resum: A l’article analitzem una obra teatral mallorquina de finals del segle xvii que porta per títol Comèdia de la General Conquista de Mallorca. Del seu autor no en sabem més que el nom, Pere Antoni Bernat. Hem volgut situar aquesta obra en l’àmbit sociocultural del moment, i per a això ens hem centrat principalment en quatre aspectes: el contextual, per veure les condicions que pogueren afavorir la gestació d’una obra d’aquestes característiques; l’històric, per a la qual cosa ens hem fixat en el contingut de la Comèdia en relació amb la historiografia; el formal, amb les possibles influències que hem pogut trobar de la literatura de l’època; i l’ideològic, consistent en una anàlisi dels valors que l’obra transmet.  Paraules clau: Jaume I, conquesta de Mallorca, teatre barroc mallorquí, comèdia de moros i cristians Abstract: In the article we analyse a Majorcan theatre piece entitled Comèdia de la General Conquista de Mallorca that was written at the end of the seventeenth century. About the author we only know his name, Pere Antoni Bernat. We wanted to put this work in relation to the sociocultural environment of its time, and to do so we have focused on four main aspects: the contextual one, in order to see the conditions that could have favoured the creation of a work with such characteristics; the historical one, for which we have fixed on the Comèdia’s contents related to some historiographical works; the formal one, which includes the influences of contemporary literature that we have been able to trace in the work; and the ideological one, which consists in an analysis of the values that the work transmits.  Keywords: James I, conquest of Majorca, Majorcan baroque theatre, comedy of Moors and Christians 

What we can learn from the parallels between the COVID-19 and the future climate change crises

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén D. Manzanedo ◽  
Peter Manning
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavioral Norm ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Global Population

The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak pandemic is now a global crisis. It has caused 1.6+ million confirmed cases and 100 000+ deaths at the time of writing and triggered unprecedented preventative measures that have put a substantial portion of the global population under confinement, imposed isolation, and established ‘social distancing’ as a new global behavioral norm. The COVID-19 crisis has affected all aspects of everyday life and work, while also threatening the health of the global economy. This crisis offers also an unprecedented view of what the global climate crisis may look like. In fact, some of the parallels between the COVID-19 crisis and what we expect from the looming global climate emergency are remarkable. Reflecting upon the most challenging aspects of today’s crisis and how they compare with those expected from the climate change emergency may help us better prepare for the future.

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