WOMEN'S MAWLID PERFORMANCES IN SANAA AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF “POPULAR ISLAM”

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Holmes Katz
Keyword(s):  
Spirit Possession ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Great Cost ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Religious Lives ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
The Relationship

It has long been recognized that much of the richness of Muslim women's ritual lives has been found outside of both the mosque and the “five pillars of Islam,” in a wide set of devotional practices that have met with varying degrees of affirmation and censure from male religious scholars. This recognition has given rise to a valuable literature on such practices as shrine visitation, spirit-possession rituals, and Twelver Shiʿi women's domestic ceremonies. The prevalence of such noncanonical rituals in Muslim women's lives, although waning in many parts of the contemporary world, raises questions about the relationship between women's religious practices and the constitution of Islamic orthodoxies. Have women, often given lesser access to mosque-based and canonical rituals, historically resorted to autonomous and rewarding religious practices that are, nevertheless, fated to be marginalized in the male-dominated construction of Islamic normativity—a normativity that women may ultimately internalize and master only at great cost to their religious lives?

African and African American Religions in the Early Americas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Young
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
African American Religion ◽  
African Religion ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter chronicles the relationship between African religious practices on the continent and African American religion in the plantation Americas in the era of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. A new generation of scholars who emerged in the 1960s and 1970s have demonstrated not only that African religious practices exhibit remarkable subtlety and complexity but also that these cultures have played significant roles in the subsequent development of religious practices throughout the world. Christianity, Islam, and traditional African religion comprised a set of broad and varied religious practices that contributed to the development of creative, subtle, and complex belief systems that circulated around the African Diaspora. In addition, this chapter addresses some of the vexed epistemological challenges related to discussing and describing non-Western ritual and religious practices.

scholarly journals The importance of knowledge for wellbeing of society in the contemporary world

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1136-1159
Author(s):  
Dusan Markovic ◽  
Mrdjan Mladjan
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Following the recent wave of globalization, the possession of different types of knowledge became even more important for economic development than the possession of physical resources. The ability of a society to adopt existing and create new knowledge thus gained fundamental importance for its wellbeing. In this paper, we identify important aspects of the relationship between education, creation of knowledge, economic growth, as well as both material and immate?rial wellbeing of a society. We describe potential problems that prevent societies from maximizing the benefit from the effort its members invest in acquiring knowledge. The problems of failure of the national markets for education as well as the global migrations which lead to drain of knowledge towards economically highly developed countries are especially analyzed. In the long run, they lead to a decline in both national competitiveness and different aspects of the immate?rial wellbeing. As the basis for solving these problems we propose a combination of economic theory and the concept of solidarity between more and less devel?oped countries, individuals and societies of their origin, respecting the free will of individuals.

scholarly journals The Development of the International Organization (IO) and Organizational Sociology Theories and Perspectives. Part 3 - Definitions and Types of IO

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Medani Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Organizational Sociology ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper provides a pedagogical overview of how international organizations were formed, for what purposes and how their structure has been changed. The distinction between formal organizational studies and studies of international organizations is minimal, because both help to widen the idea of creating an original position for better combinations of favorable circumstances or situations in human affairs. The chapter will explain, the origin of the term international organization (OR); historical roots of or studies; and define or; analyze the types of ORs in the contemporary world; reveals the relationship between the international relation (IR) and regime theories application in the OR’s studies; and the impact of the globalization. The chapter also unveils the relationships between organizational sociology and OR and finally it gives a general outline on the application institution theory in the study of OR following a brief summary. Organizations have the ability of inspiring and bringing people in concert to achieve combined goals. They are accountable for determining the intelligence needed to meet their goals. This chapter provides a glimmer of international organizations theory, origin, historical account, definitions and utilization of contemporary academic world intertwined with the international relations, regime and globalization as well as the organizational sociological theories and perspectives can be utilized to study of international organizations. This chapter will help to understand the historical account of international organization, pedagogical development and contemporary theories and practices of international organizations and organizational sociology.

At the End of the Journey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Life Stories ◽  
Women's Issues ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Buddhist Teaching ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 6 is a response to Iryŏp’s critics and a consideration of the relationship between Buddhism and society. The chapter claims that by relating her life stories in her books, Iryŏp made a woman’s life visible. It is a statement that a woman’s life is not a disposable and forgettable component in a patriarchal society. Her books are the witnesses to her life and the lives of other women; it was Iryŏp’s way of getting engaged with women’s issues. Iryŏp’s writing is her testimony about what it means to live as an independent being. Her last book In Between Happiness and Misfortune efficiently demonstrates how women’s lives, their struggles, and Buddhist teaching interact.

This Conjuncture: For Stuart Hall

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (96) ◽  
pp. 5-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Relationship

When Stuart Hall died in 2014, many tributes and memorial activities were planned by organisations, institutions and publications that felt they owed him a debt. New Formations was no exception, and the editorial board spent some time reflecting on an appropriate tribute. Stuart himself, as many of us knew, had little interest in seeing his work codified or memorialised for its own sake. But there was one injunction that many of us were familiar with from that work, his example, and from frequent personal and political conversations with him. The importance of thinking about 'the conjuncture', of 'getting the analysis right', was one that Stuart frequently emphasised to his students and interlocutors. The importance of mapping the specificity of the present, of situating current developments historically, of looking out for political threats and opportunities, was always at the heart of Stuart's conception both of 'cultural studies' as a specific intellectual practice, and of the general vocation of critical and engaged scholarship in the contemporary world. This is double-issue is the first of two volumes of New Formations to be dedicated, in Stuart's honour, to the understanding of this conjuncture. This introductory essay/editorial considers the relationship between 'cultural studies' and 'conjunctural analysis' as specific types of intellectual practice, before proposing a specific analysis of our present 'conjuncture', in dialogue with the other contributors to this volume.

Studying Jewish Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-36
Author(s):  
Lindsey Taylor-Guthartz
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Orthodox Judaism ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Torah Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Religious Lives ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the problems of studying Orthodox Jewish women, in particular the 'double invisibility' they experience, first from the perspective of male Orthodox Jews, and, second, in the lack of knowledge about them in the non-Jewish world. Orthodox women engage in a wide range of communal and domestic religious activities, in spite of their exclusion from an active role in worship in synagogue and from some areas of Torah study. Activities defined by Orthodoxy as the supreme religious privileges of women, such as keeping a kosher kitchen, preparing food for sabbath and festivals, and nurturing and educating children, remain largely invisible to Orthodox men. Standard descriptions of women's practices in the domestic and individual spheres omit many widespread customs and practices, often characterized as 'superstitions' although they form an integral and meaningful part of many women's religious lives. A major problem in studying women's religious lives and the ways in which they differ from and intersect with those of men is imagining how women fit into one's overall picture of Jewish religious activity. Neither the 'separate but equal' apologetic nor the simplistic identification of 'oppressed and oppressors' made by some feminists provides an adequate way of thinking about the relationship between male and female lived experience of Judaism. Given that Orthodox Judaism is undeniably patriarchal, it may reasonably be asked whether women have any access to power or agency within the religious life of the community, particularly in matters of ritual and correct practice.

Red Threads and Amulets: Women’s ‘Unofficial’ Life in the Family

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-251
Author(s):  
Lindsey Taylor-Guthartz
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Jewish Education ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Western World ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Religious Lives ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Everyday Context

This chapter explores unofficial domestic customs. The least visible aspect of Jewish women's lives is the individual customs or practices they perform in a domestic or everyday context, many learnt from female relatives, and the part these play in their religious lives. Individual practices are often so automatic that women do not reflect on them. In some cases, they receive so little attention from rabbis or in popular Jewish literature that women themselves discount or denigrate them as 'superstitions', even as they practise them. There has been a decline in older practices, which are more likely to be identified as magical or superstitious by women operating partly within a Western worldview, whereas more pietistic practices have increased in number among young women with higher levels of formal Jewish education. Other factors that facilitate and shape change in women's religious lives include developing technology in the Western world, such as the replacement of domestic manufacture by industrial production, leading to the demise of customs associated with these technologies, and the growing possibilities offered by the Internet in spreading knowledge of recently invented or expanded customs. Traditionalist women, though principally Western in their education and thinking, are still inextricably linked to their Jewish identity, which often includes customs and practices for which they might struggle to find a rationale, but which they are committed to observing. These customs provide a fertile field for women to adapt and reinterpret existing practices, and to invent new ones that express their most urgent concerns and aims.

Sikhism and Islam: A Structural Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
J.P.S. Uberoi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Definition

This chapter outlines the author’s structural definition of the problems involved in the theoretical and practical relations between Sikhism and Islam in terms of religion, history and society since the time of Guru Nanak through the various vicissitudes that were to follow. It contains a synchronous analysis of the structure of the discourse of religion as well as an analysis of the structure of the discourse of history, that is, the diachronous political aspect of the relation. The issues of the unity and duality of the religious and political aspects of life in both the medieval and the contemporary world are a central theme and lead to the more fundamental question of plurality in Indian modernity. Also included is a discussion on non-Sanskritic sects and the relationship between the Mughals and the Sikhs.

5. Strategic Culture

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Lantis ◽  
Darryl Howlett
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This chapter examines the scholarly and policymaking relevance of strategic culture in the contemporary world. Strategic culture may challenge and at the same time enrich prevailing neo-realist assumptions regarding strategy and security. It bridges material and ideational explanations of state behaviour, adding valuable perspectives to understand different countries' contemporary security policy choices. The chapter first considers approaches that address the relationship between culture and nuclear strategy during the cold war before discussing theoretical issues related to strategic culture, including the contribution of constructivism to security studies; the question of ‘ownership’ of strategic culture; and whether non-state, state, and multi-state actors can possess distinctive strategic cultures. It also reviews recent work that explores the link between strategic culture and the acquisition of and threats to use weapons of mass destruction.

Introduction: Strategy in the Contemporary World:

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Baylis ◽  
James J. Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Systems ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strategic Studies

This edition explores the role of military power in the contemporary world and the changes that have occurred over the last decade. It examines the debates about whether there has been a revolution in military affairs and the future of warfare, given the phenomenal pace of innovation in electronics and computer systems, which is often referred to as cyberwar. It also considers the strategic implications of the changing structure of global politics and the role of U.S. military power in a world in transition, along with the continuing relevance of various theories of peace and security. This introduction discusses strategic studies, criticisms levelled against strategic studies, and the relationship between strategic studies and security studies.

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