GATT and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

1964 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Central Element ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
Transfer Of Skills ◽  
Development Decade ◽  
Effective Transfer

The effective transfer of skills and resources to less developed countries through multilateral as well as bilateral channels is a central element in the UN Development Decade. But the utility of international institutions in the economic field does not stop there. They are also proving to be indispensable in coping with related challenges to the United States in its trade relations with other nations—challenges posed by a rapidly changing world economy. The first challenge is to reduce the trade barriers which presently mpair the economic efficiency and political unity of the free world, particularly the North Atlantic Community and Japan. The second challenge is to find additional ways to deal with the special problems which affect the trade of the less developed countries. International organizations are now the focus of efforts to cope with both of these challenges.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Brazinsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Cold War

The conclusion seeks to draw out some of the manuscript’s lessons for China, the United States, and less developed countries. It looks briefly at current Sino-American competition in Africa and parts of Asia and draws comparisons with the Cold War period, pointing to both similarities and differences. Although the dimensions of Chinese involvement in these regions have changed, some of the PRC’s motives remain the same.

Troubled Neighbours: Japan's Negative Economic Diplomacy Towards North Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Okano-Heijmans
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Economic Engagement

AbstractThe importance of economic issues, in a comprehensive multilateral and bilateral context, has been receiving increased attention in writings about the Korean Peninsula lately. This article adds to this debate by analysing Japan's relations with North Korea from an economic diplomacy perspective. The concept of 'negative economic diplomacy' is introduced to understand actions of the Japanese government, which had tried economic engagement in various ways until the early 1990s, but hardened its stance thereafter. Tokyo seems to have come to the conclusion that North Korean rulers are more willing to preserve the status quo than some wish to believe and, consequently, started to use the North Korean threat to justify Japan's controversial military enhancement in a context of uncertainty about the United States' commitment and an increasingly stronger China. is strategy was practised through a negative approach to economic diplomacy of withholding economic benefits—in policy fields ranging from the abductees and normalisation of diplomatic relations, to trade relations, sanctions and the six-way process. Japan's policy was most outspoken from late 2002 until at least mid-2007.

The Generalized System of Preferences of the United States: Does It Promote Industrialization and Economic Growth in Least Developed Countries?

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caf Dowlah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Generalized System ◽  
Generalized System Of Preferences

The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)—a system of differential and favorable trade arrangements toward less developed countries, adopted by the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)—has been around since the early 1970s. A primary objective of these schemes has been to promote industrialization and economic growth in less developed countries through trade rather than aid. The outcome of such programs has, however, been mixed. This paper identifies some of the underlying political and economic dynamics which led to the dismal performance of the GSP schemes of the United States in respect to the industrialization and economic growth of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The paper suggests that the effectiveness of GSP schemes could be significantly improved if they were brought under the binding WTO rules, if greater resources were directed to removing supply constraints in the LDCs, and if developed countries granted unwavering market access to LDC exports.

Decentralisation in Planning and Economic Decision-Making in Ghana

1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Leslie E. Grayson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
General Guide

‘The general guide should be to transfer power to the smallest unit consistent with the scale of the problem.’ This quotation is based on the experience of the United States, but should be even more applicable to less-developed countries, because of their poor system of communications. In this article I shall examine the attempts to decentralise planning and economic decision-making in Ghana, analyse the rationale for such moves away from centralisation, and evaluate the Ghanaian experience against the existing body of knowledge on this subject and the special local conditions that are relevant.

Lung Cancer Awareness Week

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Leslie Cooper ◽  
Catherine Glennon ◽  
Lori Laczko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oncology Nursing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
The North

Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in our society. Tobacco use is responsible for nearly one in five deaths in the United States and the cause of premature death of approximately 2 million individuals in developed countries. Smoking accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths and is a major cause of heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The North Carolina Triangle Oncology Nursing Society applied for a competitive grant through the national Oncology Nursing Society and Cancer Care, Inc., in partnership with the Wellness Community and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The grant could be used for any lung cancer issue or project. Because North Carolina is deep in the tobacco belt, it was decided to focus on the largest group of new smokers in the United States, children and teens, for the project. Over 80% of adult smokers surveyed in 1991 had begun smoking by the age of 18. The oncology nurses wanted to focus on prevention, not cessation. Therefore, grade school children were the population selected for this project. This age group is impressionable and able to understand the negative consequences of smoking. This article outlines the content of the educational intervention and evaluation of the program.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Primary Products

The twentieth session of the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was held at Geneva from October 23 to November 16, 1962. The Contracting Parties decided to convene a ministerial meeting in the early part of 1963 to consider a program for effective liberalization and expansion of trade in both primary and secondary products. In this connection, full weight would be attached to the importance and urgency of negotiating solutions to the problems of trade in primary products and to the additional trade problems of less developed countries. The proposal that such a meeting should be held was made jointly by the governments of the United States and Canada.

scholarly journals Solar—A New Open Access Journal for Solar Technologies

Solar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Juergen H. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Access Journal ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Temperature Records

Climate change and the consequential environmental catastrophes are real, not only in less developed countries of the so-called “Global South” but also in so-called industrialized and “well-developed” areas of the world! Just within the last few months and years, we have seen high-temperature records in the United States, fire disasters in Canada, Australia, Greece, Italy, and Spain [...]

scholarly journals The Economic Implications of a Complete Free Trade and an Alternative Form of Free Trade in Sugar Through 1980

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-358
Author(s):  
M. Raquibuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

In recent years, it has been emphasized by many economists that the less developed countries cannot achieve self-sustaining economic growth unless they are given fair opportunities to sell their exportables in the world market. It is argued that the less developed countries are losing potential investment resources as a result of trade restrictions imposed by the developed countries on primary commodities. Sugar provides an example of a commodity whose free entry into world trade has been restricted by the United States and most of the developed countries of Europe. Sugar is the principle earner of foreign exchange for many developing countries. A decrease in the quantity of exports or a fall in the price has an important impact on the overall development of their economies. In recent years, the world production of centrifugal sugar has ranged between 64 and 66 million metric tons of raw sugar. Of this total production, Europe's share ranged from 23 to 24 million tons, or approximately 36 per cent. The United States, including Hawaii, produced approximately 5 million tons. Thus, nearly 50 per cent of world sugar production comes from the developed countries.

scholarly journals WORLD TRENDS AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES OF THE STARTUP MARKET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Perminova
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
The North ◽  
National Market ◽  
State Initiatives ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Investment Agreements

The article analyzes the trends of the global market of startups as an important factor in economic growth. The reasons for the leadership of the North American, European and Asian startup markets are outlined.Emphasis is placed on the most attractive areas of investment and technology, which according to expert estimates in the near future will be actively developed and bring significant profits, as well as have an impact on global processes of transformation of life and activities. Priority domestic industries are outlined: IT, which is constantly growing and in recent years brings significant profits, attracting the attention of the world's largest companies from the United States, Europe and Canada; agro-sphere, which, provided the involvement of startup projects has every chance to compete with developed countries in terms of productivity, complexity of approach and speed of development. The source of development of the domestic market of startups has been identified, which was the expansion and strengthening of the investment attractiveness of Ukrainian developments, which led to an increase in venture and private investment, which reached more than half a billion dollars. An analysis of the national market of startups, which shows recovery, especially in the technology sector due to the conclusion of a significant number of investment agreements, the interest of world leaders opening R&D centers, offices and domestic companies and foundations in Ukraine that actively support Ukrainian startups by investing millions of dollars. Based on the study of world experience in supporting innovative projects, the reasons that hinder the development of both domestic startups and priority industries for the country are outlined. The state initiatives on: launching the Startup Fund, which provides assistance to domestic entrepreneurs-innovators in the form of grants as a result of competitive selection; launch of the 360 Tech Ecosystem Overview platform by the Ministry of Digital Transformation to search for business information about IT companies, startups, investors and the entire technological ecosystem of Ukraine; development of draft laws for the development of the Ukrainian IT sector. Stimulating mechanisms have been identified that successfully work in the orientation of the economy to innovative development.

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