Governments and Airlines

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Association ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
World War ◽  
National Boundaries

Air transport across national boundaries has increased greatly in scope and intensity since the end of World War II. Although the vast majority of such transport involves private individuals and corporations, governments play a major role in the process. They act as producers, consumers, and regulators of air transport; they have become one of the primary actors in the process. The participation of governments has greatly modified the environment and processes through which carriage is accomplished. Governments have been involved in the establishment of such organizations as die International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a supranational organization in a narrowly limited way, and the International Air Transport Association (IATA), an international association of airlines, many of which are, in fact, owned or controlled by governments.

Transnational Institutions in Developing Countries: The Case of Iranian Civil Aviation

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carney ◽  
Mehdi Farashahi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Organizational Practice ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
World War ◽  
Technical Factors

The proliferation of transnational institutions in the form of protocols, conventions, regimes and standards is a growing influence on organizational practice. Recent work on the origins and impact of transnational institutions focuses upon processes in ‘core’ states, but their influence in developing countries has not received much attention. In this paper we narrate a case study of the diffusion of two institutional regimes represented by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in Iranian civil aviation. The case study describes a seemingly frictionless and uncontested embedding of the emergent international aviation regime in post-World War II Iran and a severe challenge to those institutions in the years following Iran's Islamic revolution. We characterize the rise and decline of these regimes as a double process of institutionalization and de-institutionalization, and identify political and technical factors that drive institutional change. We discuss several theoretical and policy implications stemming from the experience of transnational aviation institutions in Iran.

Fascism under Pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Antic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
State And Society ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The One

This article analyzes how the ideological discourse of the Croatian fascist movement (the Ustaša) evolved in the course of World War II under pressures of the increasingly popular and powerful communist armed resistance. It explores and interprets the way the regime formulated its ideological responses to the political/ideological challenge of the leftist guerrilla and its propaganda in the period after the proclamation of the Ustaša Independent State of Croatia in 1941 until the end of the war. The author demonstrates that the regime, faced with its own political weakness and inability to maintain authority, shaped its rhetoric and ideological self-definition in a direct dialogue with the Marxist discourse of the communist propaganda, incorporating important Marxist concepts in its theory of state and society and redefining its concepts of national boundaries and racial identity to match the communists’ propaganda of inclusive, civic national Yugoslavism. This massive ideological renegotiation of the movement’s basic tenets and its consequent leftward shift reflected a change in an opposite direction from the one commonly encountered in narratives of other fascisms’ ideological evolution paths (most notably in Italy and Germany): as the movement became a regime, the Ustaša transformed from its initial conservatism, traditionalism (in both sociopolitical and cultural matters), pseudo-feudal worldview of peasant worship and antiurbanism, anti-Semitism, and rigid racialism in relation to nation and state into an ideology of increasingly inclusive, culture-based, and nonethnic nationalism and with an exceptionally strong leftist rhetoric of social welfare, class struggle, and the rights of the working class.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Government ◽  
Air Navigation Services

The second part of the eleventh session of the Council of ICAO was convened in Montreal on September 27, 1950. The government of Spain dispatched a delegation to Montreal to take part in the meetings and arrange for that government's entry into the International Civil Aviation Organization. The agenda included: 1) appointment of members to serve on the Air Navigation Commission, Air Transport Committee, the Committee on Joint Support of Air Navigation Services, and the Finance Committee; 2) the proposals of the Secretary-General, Dr. Albert Roper, for reorganization of the secretariat and the question of his successor for 1951; 3) the site for a permanent office for the far east and the Pacific; 4) schedules for meetings of the subordinate bodies of the organization for 1952; and 5) a preliminary scale of contributions for 1952. The work of the Air Navigation Commission was surveyed in the report of the commission on 1) “differences” from ICAO standards, 2) sites for AIR, OPS and COM division meetings, and 3) necessary changes in abbreviations and symbols. Special attention was given to the formulation of ICAO's position on charges for airline operated agency messages carried over the aeronautical network and a study of this problem was to be undertaken in collaboration with the International Telecommunication Union. The Council also was to discuss the communication to the Universal Postal Union on air mail charges upon which the member governments had made comments.

Development in Airborne Navigation Systems

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-412
Author(s):  
W. O. Broughton ◽  
J. W. McIvor
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Aircraft Navigation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

This paper covers aircraft navigation with emphasis upon self-contained systems, although a survey of the scene cannot avoid reference to external aids. It traces briefly the evolution of self-contained systems since World War II to the present time and then attempts to forecast the way development appears likely to go in the future. The paper deals with both military and civil aviation because, in spite of the increasing importance of the latter, military navigation, as ever, leads the way to improvements for the future.

scholarly journals Rotorcraft in the Performance Based Navigation International Civil Aviation Organization Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Andrzej Fellner ◽  
Robert Konieczka
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Performance Based Navigation ◽  
Navigation Accuracy ◽  
Efficiency Improve

Abstract European Commision adopted in July new regulations about laying down airspace usage requirements and operating procedures concerning performance based navigation. It is next step in realization of the the global program PBN ICAO. At the 36th General Assembly of ICAO held in 2007, the Republic of Poland agreed to ICAO resolution A36-23 which urges all States to implement PBN. In future aviation concepts the use of Performance Based Navigation (PBN) is considered to be a major Air Traffic Management (ATM) concept element. ICAO has drafted standards and implementation guidance for PBN in the ICAO Doc 9613 “PBN Manual”. The Based Performance Navigation Concept represents and shift from sensor-based to performance based navigation connected with criteria for navigation: accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity and functionality depending on the phase of the flight. Through PBN and changes in the communication, surveillance and ATM domain, many advanced navigation applications are possible to improve airspace efficiency, improve airport sustainability, reduce the environmental impact of air transport in terms of noise and emission, increase safety and improve flight efficiency.

scholarly journals O współpracy zespołu Pracowni Filologii Białoruskiej IS PAN z prof. Władysławem Kuraszkiewiczem w zakresie badania gwar

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Michał Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
International Association ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
World War ◽  
River Region ◽  
Scientific Personnel ◽  
Set Up

The article shows the role of Prof. Władysław Kuraszkiewicz in creating and developing Byelorussian investigations in Poland after World War II. In the interwar period he investigated Russian dialects in Podlasie, Polesie and Helm Regions. In 1937 he was the first to collect rich dialectae materials in 70 villages between the Bug and the Narew Rivers, which he published in 1939 The Outline of east-slavonic dialectology with examples of dialectal texts, and edition, Warsaw 1963, made him famous. Prof. Kuraszkiewicz was the reviewer of the first three volumes of the Atlas of East Slavonic Dialects of Bialystok Region (Wrocław 1980–1993). Before 1985 he initiated the investigations of the Atlas of East Slavonic Dialects of the Bug River Region, carried out by to teams: the Institute of Slavistic Studies in Warsaw and the Institute of Slavistic Studies UMCS in Lublin. He also contributed to the development of scientific personnel. He promoted and reviewed the doctor`s and assistant-professor research. He supported the development of Byelorussian studies and set up “International Association of Byelorussists and Polish Byelorussists Society”.

Who’s who in Special Forces

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Prados
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Air Force ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Transport Unit

Harry C. Aderholt (1920–2010). In effect the father of air force special operations, “Heinie” Aderholt was a pilot in an air transport unit in North Africa and Italy in World War II. Planes like his had been involved in so-called Carpetbagger flights, inserting...

Today's Port—A Trade and Transport Hub

1963 ◽  
Vol 345 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry C. Brockel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
World War ◽  
Engineering Effort ◽  
Human Skills

Although land and air transport have greatly expanded, man's historic dependence on water transport continues. Ocean fleets have doubled in size since World War II, and 1960 water-borne world trade stood at a record 1.1 billion tons. This vast commerce moves through the ports of the world, which, thus, are barometers of trade, wealth, and power. Ports, casual affairs during the Middle Ages, became of great interest in the period of world exploration and colonization and received another great impetus during the industrial revolution and from steam navigation. Water access to all boundaries of the United States provided further impetus as the resources of North America affected world trade. Ports, created by massive engineering effort, are economic centers functioning through a variety of physical improvements and human skills. They are intensely competitive. Uniquely, ports mirror the economies of the regions they serve. They are sensitive to growth of population and industry, to raw-material patterns, to government policy. They serve but do not in themselves create trade. Free ports are rapidly declining in importance due to intense nationalism. The port authority is a unique instrument combining governmental and economic functions. Ships and ports continue to be the basic mechanisms for vast world trade.

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