Mastering the market: Japanese government targeting of the computer industry

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anchordoguy
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
The State ◽  
Computer Industry ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
The Impact

A key topic of inquiry in the ongoing debate over Japan's remarkable postwar growth is the role of the government. Some argue that the state has played a leading role in stimulating and guiding the development of specific industries; others argue that market factors, such as high rates of investment and savings and low labor costs, have been the key impetus. This article focuses on the link between the state and the market, in particular the impact of state policies on market competition. It is primarily concerned with how targeting policies can be structured in ways that spur industrial development; that is, how policies can help firms enter an industry and encourage them to invest heavily to make better products, without sapping their initiative and making them dependent on the government. A case study of Japan's national strategy to develop an economically viable computer industry provides an opportunity to explore the relationship among targeting policies, market competition, and industrial development.

Targeting the government in the referendum: the aborted 2016 Italian constitutional reform

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Di Mauro ◽  
Vincenzo Memoli
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Government Support ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Social Cleavage ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the factors explaining voting in the 2016 Italian referendum on constitutional reform. As we show through voting alignments within the Parliament and key aspects of the electoral campaign, this was a case where the government took the leadership of the entire referendum process, transforming it into a plebiscite. Within this context, we hypothesize that key elements explaining voting choices follow a government-support vs. opposition dynamics. Employing Italian National Elections Studies Association pre/post-referendum survey, we estimate the effects of factors increasing predictability (e.g. party closeness, ideology, social cleavage) or uncertainty (e.g. government performance, the economy) of voting choices. The resulting logistic regression models show that the leading role of the government in the referendum reshapes the impact of factors explaining voting choices. While some lose significance, others follow a pro- or anti-government logic.

Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
V.L. Parkhomenko ◽  
Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Sergey BESPALYY
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.

scholarly journals Disagreements among ministries and pressure on the State Planning Committee in the Soviet economy in the early 1950s

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Alexey Vladimirovich Zaharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning Committee ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
State Planning ◽  
The Government ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Interdepartmental Commission

The following paper deals with mechanisms for working out compromise solutions when discussing the plan for the USSR national economy development in 1951-1955. The sources analysis (notes of ministries heads to the government, the Gosplans reports and its projects for the development of the Soviet economy for the period 1951-1955) shows there were disagreements between the central planning body and the economic agencies. The position of the State Planning Committee, which sought to draw up a balanced plan, consisted in the allocation of resources and economic obligations between ministries. The ministries, for their part, were inclined to offer lower figures for the growth of production indicators and overestimated amounts of resources to implement the plans. Divergences in positions were regulated by a special interdepartmental commission on disagreements, its proposals were taken as a basis by the government and the State Planning Committee to amend the current and future planning of the industrial development of the USSR. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the planned economy was actually the economy of approvals. In this system, government directives were viewed as a result of an interagency struggle between planners and production workers, where the State Planning Committee counterbalanced the ambitions of ministries. However, active lobbyism of ministers limited the possibilities of planners, as evidenced by the documents of the Dispute Commission.

scholarly journals Analysis of financial development and industrial structure transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02080
Author(s):  
Shuwei Harold Sun ◽  
Allen Wang ◽  
Huan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Moment Estimation ◽  
Investment Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses the relevant data from 2008 to 2017 to construct a multiple linear regression equation, and uses the generalized moment estimation model to explore the impact of financial development on industrial structure adjustment from the perspective of financial scale and efficiency. The results show that financial efficiency can promote the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure, but the impact of financial scale on industrial structure is two-sided. Increasing financial scale can increase the amount of industrial financing and accelerate the process of industrial structure upgrading. However, blindly increasing the supply of loans will lead to the birth of bad investment, thus failing to promote the rationalization of industrial structure. Based on this, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as promoting the diversified development of the financial industry, improving the imbalance of financial development in various provinces, promoting the reasonable investment structure and the development of high-tech industry, and giving full play to the role of the government.

scholarly journals PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL CUBLAK-CUBLAK SUWENG DARI PROVINSI YOGYAKARTA DAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER TANGGUNG JAWAB PADA PESERTA DIDIK MI/SD DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Yosie Ervanda ◽  
Anis Fuadah Z
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to see the traditional cublak-cublak suweng game from D.I Yogyakarta, and the order for the character of responsibility for students. Knowing the method of implementing the cublak-cublek suweng game that can shape the character of responsibility for students. This research method is research research. The research subjects were research articles and web that discussed the cublak-cublak suweng game that could be accounted for for its authenticity and correctness. The scope of this research includes elementary school teachers, elementary school children, and the surrounding community who are familiar with this game, as well as the role of the government in preserving the cublak-cublak suweng game and applying it to elementary schools at this time.This research was conducted to explain whether the cublak-cublak suweng game in the present era can give pleasure after being played and the impact that occurs after being played 1) Introduction to what cublak-cublak suweng is and how to play it. 2) Implementation of the cublak-cublek suweng model that can develop the character of responsibility for students, 3) The effectiveness of the cublak-cublak suweng game in shaping the character of responsibility for students. 4) what are the effects if you continue to drink it again and again. 

scholarly journals Warlords, the United States, and the state of anarchy in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Azami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As part of its “War on Terror”, the United States (US) provided immense sums of money and advanced equipment to Afghan warlords in order to defeat and dismantle the Taliban and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Nearly two decades after the 2001 US-led intervention in Afghanistan that toppled the Taliban regime, the US continues supporting the warlords in various ways. As the intervention was also aimed at establishing a functioning state and reconstruction of the war-torn country, the US needed the support of local warlords to achieve its goals. However, over time, warlords and warlordism became a major challenge to the postTaliban state-building project and in many ways undermined the overall security and the state monopoly on violence. These warlords, who had been mostly expelled and defeated by the Taliban regime, returned under the aegis of the B52 bombers, recaptured parts of the country and reestablished their fiefdoms with US support and resources. They not only resist giving up the power and prestige they have accumulated over the past few years, but also hamper the effort to improve governance and enact necessary reforms in the country. In addition, many of them run their private militias and have been accused of serious human rights abuses as well as drug trafficking, arms smuggling, illegal mining and extortion in the areas under their control or influence. In many ways, they challenge the government authority and have become a major hurdle to the country’s emerging from lawlessness and anarchy. This paper explores the emergence and reemergence of warlords in Afghanistan as well as the evolution of chaos and anarchy in the country, especially after the US-led intervention of late 2001. It also analyzes the impact of the post-9/11 US support to Afghan warlords and its negative consequences for the overall stability and the US-led state-building process in Afghanistan.

ANTI-CRISIS STATE REGULATION OF BUSINESS IN THE CONTEXT OF A PANDEMIC: RESULTS AND PROBLEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
E. V. KHOMUTOVA ◽  
◽  
N. F. SHCHUKINА ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of the results of state regulation of business in the context of a pandemic and the associated global economic crisis. The impact of the system of anti-crisis measures, implemented by the Government of Russia, to support small and medium-sized businesses has been studied. The problems of development and survival of enterprises in a crisis economy are identified and the ways of their solution are proposed. The measures taken by the state to prevent massive bankruptcies during the pandemic are considered.

Restructuring Measurements Impact on Bank Risk After the Global Financial Crisis — Empirical Evidence from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150019
Author(s):  
Tu T. T. Tran ◽  
Yen Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Bank System ◽  
The Impact

Project 254 signed in November 2011 which is relating to “Restructuring the system of credit institutions in the period of 2011–2015” has been considered as a milestone in marking the Vietnamese government to prevent the influence of the financial crisis of 2008. This paper identifies hypotheses evaluating the impact of restructuring measurements on the risk of the Vietnamese’s commercial banks in 10 years, starting from 2008. Using the OLS regression method for analysis by running Eviews and ANOVA test in SPSS with a unique database of 216 observations of 31 commercial banks in Vietnam, it was found that: (i) The bail-out activities of the State Bank of Vietnam in 2015 does not influence on bank risk, (ii) The mergers and acquisitions (M&A) do not support the bank to reduce risk, it increases the risk for acquiring banks, (iii) The global crisis 2008 exerts dire consequence on the bank system in Vietnam, (iv) There is the difference of risk among the groups of the bank experiencing a different number of years of operation. Basing on this result, the paper also makes recommendations to the Government, The State Bank of Vietnam and the commercial banks for effective risk management toward the development of the Vietnamese banking system.

The impact of state financial control instruments on the assessment of the state and municipal property management efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
М. Lukiyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Property A ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the impact of instruments of state financial control on the management of state and municipal property. The subject of the research is methodological approaches to the classification of violations revealed during control and expert-analytical activities carried out by state, regional and municipal financial control bodies. The topic of the work is the influence of state financial control instruments on the assessment of the state and municipal property management effeciency and the prospects for their application. The aim of the work is to present the author’s position on the effectiveness of the application of methodological rules and norms during control and expert-analytical activities. As a result, the importance of the principle of independence as a separate category of activities of state and municipal financial control (audit) bodies was expanded in order to focus on its leading role. The theoretical and practical provisions in the field of state financial control over state (municipal) property were combined using the example of a new object of state financial control and audit; analyzed the classification of objects of control in terms of violations and shortcomings. As conclusions, positive opportunities and negative consequences of strict adherence to standards developed in this area, collected by the method of economic grouping, were predicted. The author has used the following research methods: substantiations of proposals in the field of state financial control in terms of assessing their impact on the state and municipal property management efficiency, a literary review of scientific methodological developments in terms of attracting, using and disposing of state and municipal property, a method of data classification with using statistical groupings

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