The Colonial Period in the Maghrib and its Aftermath: The Present State of Historical Writing

1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brett
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Current Concern ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
Historical Investigation

The post mortem examination of the French regime in North Africa has tried to establish what went wrong, and when. It has described in detail the adverse effects of the regime upon the indigène, especially in Algeria. Rather less attention has been paid to the minority of those who, under the circumstances, prospered in various ways. The fortunes of the 25,000 Muslim Algerian landowners, for example, each with anything from 50 to 500 or more hectares, deserve to be studied. They are relevant to the current concern with the origins and growth of nationalist movements for independence. Explanations of a conflict arising inevitably out of the inequality and incompatibility of the two communities have difficulty in explaining the connexion between the nationalist leaders and the population at large. A satisfactory account should be able to identify the support for these leaders and their activities at any given time. The problem has attracted most attention in Morocco, where the success of the monarchy at the expense of the Istiqlal has called for an explanation. The well-known connexion of the Istiqlal with the Fassi community has been the starting-point of attempts to describe a political society in relation to the social and economic background of the groups and interests which it comprises. The historical investigation of this background throughout the Maghrib should provide a firm context for descriptions of political activity before and after independence.

Revolutionen und Revolten in Nordafrika revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Scheiterbauer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Western Media

The article analyses the revolts in North Africa, namely Tunisia and Egypt. It contradicts the thesis, which is spread above all by the western media, that this is a “Facebook revolution”, which is supported by urban youths of the middle class, who knew how to use the possibilities of new social media. Rather, it deals with the economic background and shows that the connection between the protests in urban centers and those in structurally marginalized rural areas needs to be investigated. The thesis: Without the processes of valorization of land and water, the social struggles before and after the revolts in North Africa in 2011 cannot be understood.

O Indígena no Imaginário das Acadêmicas do Curso de Pedagogia: uma Discussão Contemporânea

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Gildete Elias Dutra ◽  
Marli Teresinha Quartieri ◽  
Rogério José Schuck ◽  
Suzana Feldens Schwertner
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Academic Experience ◽  
School Of Education ◽  
Indigenous History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Contribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

O presente trabalho parte de vivência acadêmica envolvendo o 7º Período do Curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação Santa Terezinha do município de Imperatriz/MA na disciplina de História e Cultura Indígena Brasileira, tendo como objetivo refletir sobre a imagem do indígena na visão das acadêmicas do Curso de Pedagogia. Apresenta se um breve panorama do tratamento dado ao indígena quanto à construção de sua imagem. Utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico uma questão norteadora, através da qual, as acadêmicas relatam a visão que têm dos indígenas antes e depois da disciplina. A partir da análise dos relatos, considera-se que a primeira concepção representa a maneira pela qual foi tratada a história indígena desde o período colonial, o qual gerou um círculo de estigmatização da imagem do indígena no cenário nacional, fortemente presente nos dias atuais. Consequentemente, houve o apagamento da contribuição social dos povos indígenas, seja na formação do povo brasileiro e/ou em outras de ordem sociais e econômicas. A segunda, porém, atribuem-se às reflexões feitas pelos autores sob a mediação da professora na disciplina, que embora em um curto espaço de tempo, as acadêmicas puderam perceber que há necessidade em apurar os olhares em relação aos povos indígenas, sendo a Academia, na contemporaneidade, um dos espaços para que estes sejam ampliados. Contudo, considera-se, ainda, um desafio da educação contemporânea.Palavras-chave: Imagem do Indígena. Imaginário das Acadêmicas. Equívocos e Visões. Contemporaneidade.AbstractThe present work is based on an academic experience involving the 7th Period of the Pedagogy Course of Santa Terezinha School of Education of the city of Imperatriz / MA in the discipline of Brazilian Indigenous History and Culture, aiming to reflect on the indigenous image in the view of the academics of the Course of Pedagogy. It presents a brief overview of the treatment given to indigenous people in the construction of their image. A guiding question was used as methodological procedure, through which, the academics report the vision that they have of the natives before and after the discipline. From the analysis of the reports, it is considered that the first conception represents the way in which indigenous history has been treated since the colonial period, which generated a circle of stigmatization of the indigenous image in the national scene, strongly present currently. Consequently, the social contribution of indigenous peoples was erased, either in the formation of the Brazilian people and / or in other social and economic ones. The second, however, is attributed to the reflections carried out by the authors under the mediation of the teacher in the discipline, who although in a short time, the academics could perceive that there is a need to clarify the views regarding the indigenous peoples, in contemporary times, one of the spaces for them to be expanded. However, it is still considered a challenge of contemporary education.Keywords: The Indigenous Image. Imaginary of Academics. Misunderstandings and Visions. Contemporaneity.

(Re)conceptualizing digital literacies before and after the election of Trump

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sulzer
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Space ◽  
English Education ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Digital Literacies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

Purpose As part of a larger global phenomenon, the election of Donald Trump in the USA represents a crucial moment for the (re)conceptualization of digital literacies. The purpose of this paper is to build theory with respect to what this moment means for English education. Design/methodology/approach This teacher reflection focuses on what digital literacies meant for my teaching before and after the 2016 election. Using a before-and-after format, I argue that the before conceptualization of digital literacies, while still relevant and useful for introducing many important ideas to English educators, was missing a direct treatment of political power. The after conceptualization takes up this topic. Findings Themes taken up in the before section involve a parallel between digital literacies and disciplinary literacies and a distinction between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 interfaces. Themes in the after section address the propensity for governments and other well-resourced groups to occupy Web 2.0 environments for their own ends. Methods for accomplishing these ends involve restricting, surveilling and targeting flows of information and enacting three populist practices via internet trolling: aggregating the unmet demands of disparate groups, establishing popular subjectivity and dichotomizing the social space through the persistent construction of the enemy. Research limitations/implications A critically conscious approach to digital literacies must consider the ways in which political entities occupy digital environments. Practical implications Further research should be done in English education classrooms to understand the ways in which individual online meaning making becomes entangled within a nexus of political activity. Further research should investigate how online meaning making intersects with political power. Originality/value The role of political entities is often downplayed or ignored in discussions of digital literacies. In an age of alternative facts, fake news and echo chambers, it is important to foreground the interplay between the social, the political and the digital in contemporary meaning making. This contribution offers concepts that can be taken up and expanded, as well as a set of questions for English educators to use in framing a critically conscious conversation about digital literacies.

scholarly journals Dimensions of social meaning in Post-classical Greek

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-167
Author(s):  
Klaas Bentein
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Satisfactory Account

Abstract Especially in the first half of the twentieth century, language was viewed as a vehicle for the transmission of facts and ideas. Later on, scholars working in linguistic frameworks such as Functional and Cognitive Linguistics, (Historical) Sociolinguistics and Functional Sociolinguistics, have emphasized the social relevance of language, focusing, for example, on linguistic concepts such as deixis, modality, or honorific language, or embedding larger linguistic patterns in their social contexts, through notions such as register, sociolect, genre, etc. The main aim of this article is to systematize these observations, through an investigation of how the central, though ill-understood notion of “social meaning” can be captured. The starting point for the discussion is the work that has been done in the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). This framework distinguishes “social” (“interpersonal”) meaning from two other types of meaning, and offers a typology of different types of contexts with which these different meanings resonate. In order to achieve a more satisfactory account of social meaning, however, I argue that we need to connect SFL to a theory of how signs convey meaning. The discussion is relevant for Ancient Greek in its entirety, but focuses specifically on Post-classical Greek: as a case study, I discuss five private letters from the so-called Theophanes archive (IV AD).

The Social Structure of the National Assembly in Kenya, 1963–83

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Party State

The study of elections and parliamentary behaviour in Africa has become a neglected topic. Whilst the emergence of political élites during and after the colonial period has been examined carefully, little attention has been paid to the structure and functioning of the modern one-party state. Emphasis has tended to shift towards the analysis of political economy and of the nature of class relations, partly as a consequence of the close linkages between economic and political relations within developing states. However, studies of post-1969 politics in Kenya are now scarce, and basic knowledge of the operation of the political system is often absent. In order to help redress the balance, this article presents and analyses data about the socio-economic background of the Members of Parliament.

The Effect of the Political Situation in the City of Jerusalem on the Rights of the Jerusalem Women

1970 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Fadwa Al-Labadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Legislative Processes

The concept of citizenship was introduced to the Arab and Islamic region duringthe colonial period. The law of citizenship, like all other laws and regulations inthe Middle East, was influenced by the colonial legacy that impacted the tribal and paternalistic systems in all aspects of life. In addition to the colonial legacy, most constitutions in the Middle East draw on the Islamic shari’a (law) as a major source of legislation, which in turn enhances the paternalistic system in the social sector in all its dimensions, as manifested in many individual laws and the legislative processes with respect to family status issues. Family is considered the nucleus of society in most Middle Eastern countries, and this is specifically reflected in the personal status codes. In the name of this legal principle, women’s submission is being entrenched, along with censorship over her body, control of her reproductive role, sexual life, and fertility.

Liszt at the Piano: The Impact of Iconography on mid-Nineteenth Century Musicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Suzanne Marie Francis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music History ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
The Impact

By the time of his death in 1827, the image of Beethoven as we recognise him today was firmly fixed in the minds of his contemporaries, and the career of Liszt was beginning to flower into that of the virtuosic performer he would be recognised as by the end of the 1830s. By analysing the seminal artwork Liszt at the Piano of 1840 by Josef Danhauser, we can see how a seemingly unremarkable head-and-shoulders bust of Beethoven in fact holds the key to unlocking the layers of commentary on both Liszt and Beethoven beneath the surface of the image. Taking the analysis by Alessandra Comini as a starting point, this paper will look deeper into the subtle connections discernible between the protagonists of the picture. These reveal how the collective identities of the artist and his painted assembly contribute directly to Beethoven’s already iconic status within music history around 1840 and reflect the reception of Liszt at this time. Set against the background of Romanticism predominant in the social and cultural contexts of the mid 1800s, it becomes apparent that it is no longer enough to look at a picture of a composer or performer in isolation to understand its impact on the construction of an overall identity. Each image must be viewed in relation to those that preceded and came after it to gain the maximum benefit from what it can tell us.

Em busca de explicações sobre Vocábulos Africanos: Uma investigação em alguns dicionários e/ou glossários brasileiros (1889-2006)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Costa Vitorino
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Look ◽  
Afro Brazilian

The book “In search of explanations about African words: an investigation in some Brazilian dictionaries and / or glossaries (1889-2006)” raises controversial and relevant questions about the usefulness of Africanism for Brazil and the delimitation between Afro-Brazilian and africanists studies. The work is one of the results of the work that the author has been developing throughout his long and rich academic life. The author shows enthusiasm for the study of Brazilian Africanism, especially in what concerns on the relationships that are established between words and culture.It shows the participation of African languages in the constitution of the Brazilian Portuguese lexicon, since it considers that studies in this area have been taking place very slowly. Therefore, this work intends to promote the production of future researches that discuss about the social place of African words in Brazilian Portuguese. It makes a point of which we should have no doubt in affirming - unequivocally and systematically - that one can speak of Brazilian Africanism. It takes as a starting point the analysis of dictionaries and glossaries (1889-2006), while taking a retrospective look.It reflects, with such observation, about what is classified as Africanism in the Brazilian Portuguese lexicon. It suggests the need to draw a line between Afro-Brazilian and Africanists studies. Finally, it is expected that such a work can bring new look and perspectives. It is even verified that, in his text, there is a lot of work for everyone. That´s why this work in this book is considered by the author as a singular value.

Carthage after the Punic Wars and the Neo-Punic Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Punic Wars

This chapter provides a brief introduction to how the historiographical development of Roman studies, since mid-twentieth century decolonization, has altered our understanding of the developments which took place in North Africa following the destruction of Carthage in 146 bce. The reader is introduced to literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources of evidence, which have traditionally been used to argue for either cultural change or continuity. After an initial examination of the immediate aftermath of the Third Punic War, Roman land appropriation and taxation, the focus is on sources of evidence usually described as “Punic,” “neo-Punic” or “Late Punic,” covering the spheres of municipal institutions, language use, and religious and funerary rituals. The vibrant multiculturalism and regional diversity of the Mediterranean and especially North Africa, both before and after the Roman conquest, is the dominant theme. This is used to shift emphasis away from grand explanatory paradigms based on essentialist identity categories, and toward a more nuanced picture of the complex and multivariate processes of cultural development and integration.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Viral Coinfections with the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Gaspar A. Pacheco ◽  
Nicolás M. S. Gálvez ◽  
Jorge A. Soto ◽  
Catalina A. Andrade ◽  
Alexis M. Kalergis
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections

The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years old. Notably, hRSV infections can give way to pneumonia and predispose to other respiratory complications later in life, such as asthma. Even though the social and economic burden associated with hRSV infections is tremendous, there are no approved vaccines to date to prevent the disease caused by this pathogen. Recently, coinfections and superinfections have turned into an active field of study, and interactions between many viral and bacterial pathogens have been studied. hRSV is not an exception since polymicrobial infections involving this virus are common, especially when illness has evolved into pneumonia. Here, we review the epidemiology and recent findings regarding the main polymicrobial infections involving hRSV and several prevalent bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, human rhinoviruses, influenza A virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza viruses. As reports of most polymicrobial infections involving hRSV lack a molecular basis explaining the interaction between hRSV and these pathogens, we believe this review article can serve as a starting point to interesting and very much needed research in this area.

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