The Problem with Standing to Sue in Nigeria

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunde I. Ogowewo
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Result ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
Legal Test

The function of a legal test is to navigate the court through various possible solutions to achieve the optimum result in the application of a legal principle. It therefore forms part of the process for securing a just result to a controversy in adversarial proceedings. A well-articulated legal test should reflect the judicial policy on the principle it applies. Such a test should generally yield results that are just and are in consonance with the policy behind the principle. If the test fails in this respect, it ceases to be functional. It is against this background that the one test used by Nigerian courts to determine standing to sue in all doctrinal contexts will be examined.

The Effect of the Political Situation in the City of Jerusalem on the Rights of the Jerusalem Women

1970 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Fadwa Al-Labadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Legislative Processes

The concept of citizenship was introduced to the Arab and Islamic region duringthe colonial period. The law of citizenship, like all other laws and regulations inthe Middle East, was influenced by the colonial legacy that impacted the tribal and paternalistic systems in all aspects of life. In addition to the colonial legacy, most constitutions in the Middle East draw on the Islamic shari’a (law) as a major source of legislation, which in turn enhances the paternalistic system in the social sector in all its dimensions, as manifested in many individual laws and the legislative processes with respect to family status issues. Family is considered the nucleus of society in most Middle Eastern countries, and this is specifically reflected in the personal status codes. In the name of this legal principle, women’s submission is being entrenched, along with censorship over her body, control of her reproductive role, sexual life, and fertility.

Asas Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara Pada Pemilukada (Studi Penerapan Pasal 2 Huruf F UU RI Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Netralitas ASN di Kabupaten Tulungagung)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Budiono Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Legal Principle

Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang selanjutnya disingkat PNS adalah warga negara Indonesia yang memenuhi syarat tertentu, diangkat sebagai pegawai ASN secara tetap oleh pejabat Pembina kepegawaian untuk menduduki jabatan pemerintahan, Netralitas Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) adalah kebijakan politik yang melarang PNS untuk terlibat politik praktis atau harus netral dalam politik karena keberadaannya sebagai pelayan masyarakat. Asas Netralitas adalah bahwa setiap pegawai aparatur sipil Negara tidak berpihak dari segala bentuk pengaruh manapun dan tidak memihak kepada kepentingan siapapun. Netralitas Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) adalah kebijakan politik yang melarang PNS untuk terlibat politik praktis atau harus netral dalam politik karena keberadaannya sebagai pelayan masyarakat. Maksud  netralitas yang lain adalah jika seorang Pegawai Negeri Sipil aktif menjadi pengurus partai politik atau anggota legislatif, maka ia harus mengundurkan diri. Dengan demikian birokrasi pemerintahan akan stabil dan dapat berperan mendukung serta merealisasikan kebijakan atau kehendak politik manapun yang sedang berkuasa dalam pemerintahan. Permasalahan yang dibahas dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Bagaimana netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) pada Pemilukada di Kabupaten Tulungagung? 2. Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi netralitas ASN pada Pemilukada Kabupaten Tulungagung? 3. Bagaimana upaya penegakan netralitas ASN pada Pemilukada di Kabupaten Tulungagung? Penelitian dalam tesis ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji aturan hukum yang kemudian dihubungkan dengan permasalahan yang akan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. pendekatan yang digunakan dalam  penelitian ini adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statue approach) dan pendekatan asas-asas hukum (legal principle approach). Sumber-sumber penelitian hukum dalam penulisan tesis ini dapat dibedakan menjadi sumber-sumber penelitian hukum yang berupa bahan-bahan hukum primer dan bahan-bahan hukum sekunder. Melalui sistematika terdapat bahan hukum yang kompleks akan dapat ditemukan norma hukumnya dan menerapkan guna menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi. Penyelenggara pemilukada adalah Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Provinsi dan KPU Kabupaten/Kota yang diawasioleh Panitia Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Panwaslu) Provinsi dan Panwaslu Kabupaten/Kota. Pemilihan kepala daerah (Pilkada) dilakukan secara langsung oleh penduduk daerah administratif setempat yang memenuhi syarat. Kedudukan Komisi pemilihan Umum sebagai lembaga negara dapat dianggap sederajat dengan lembaga-lembaga negara lain yang dibentuk oleh atau dengan undang-undang.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

Epochen des Protokolls

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Michael Niehaus
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Grey Area ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Subject

Der Beginn der Epoche des Protokolls lässt sich auf das Ende der Römischen Republik datieren, sein eigentlicher Einsatz als Medium des Rechts beginnt mit der Einführung des schriftlichen Inquisitionsverfahrens im 13. Jh. Der Grundsatz der Wahrheitsermittlung von Amts wegen erfordert seiner Logik nach die Verschriftlichung eines Datenüberschusses, in der das Subjekt zum Objekt des Protokolls wird. Zugleich erweist sich das Protokoll als rechtlich nicht normierbare Grauzone, weil es keine klare Aufschreibregel geben kann, was ins Protokoll gehört und was nicht. </br></br>The age of the transcript begins with the end of the Roman republic; its actual adoption as medium of Law begins with the introduction of written inquisitional procedure in the 13 century. The establishment of truth as a legal principle necessitates the transcription of an excess of data, in which the subject becomes the record's object. At the same time, the transcript turns out to be a grey area, which cannot be legally standardized, because no rule can ultimately define what belongs to the record and what doesn't.

Conceptual understanding of Kshara Karma in Shalakya Tantra

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahantaswamy S. Chappanmath ◽  
Vinod M. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Optimum Result

Kshara Karma, Agni Karma is known as Anushastra Karmas. Popularly understood as Para surgical procedures. They are outstanding contributions of Acharya Shushruta. The surgical disorders are managed with these procedures with ease and comfort for both surgeon and patients. In Shalakya Tantra there is a need of adopting these procedures for effective management of disorders such as Upajihwa, Adhijihwa, Upakusha, Dantavaidharbha, three types of Rohini, Nasarsha, Karnarsha and Pakshmakopa. Kshara Karma said to be one among the Anushastra Karma explained by Acharya Shushruta which is not widely practised and popularised in Shalakya diseases. There is need of research work in this area to utilize Kshara Karma and give optimum result.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas I. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Michel De Montaigne ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Political Conception ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
Ethical Disposition

In academic debates and popular political discourse, tolerance almost invariably refers either to an individual moral or ethical disposition or to a constitutional legal principle. However, for the political actors and ordinary residents of early modern Northern European countries torn apart by religious civil war, tolerance was a political capacity, an ability to talk to one’s religious and political opponents in order to negotiate civil peace and other crucial public goods. This book tells the story of perhaps the greatest historical theorist-practitioner of this political conception of tolerance: Michel de Montaigne. This introductory chapter argues that a Montaignian insistence that political opponents enter into productive dialogue with each other is worth reviving and promoting in the increasingly polarized democratic polities of the twenty-first century.

EU Health Law & Policy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anniek de Ruijter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
Legal Competence ◽  
The Eu

This book describes the expansion of EU power in health care and public health and analyses the implications of this expansion on EU health values and rights. The main conclusion of the book is that the EU is de facto balancing fundamental rights and values relating to health, implicitly taking on obligations for safeguarding fundamental rights in the field of health and affecting individuals’ rights sometimes without an explicit legal competence to do so. This brings to light instances where EU health policy has implications for fundamental rights and values without the possibility to challenge the exercise of power of the EU in human health. This begs the question of whether subsidiarity is still the most relevant legal principle for the division of powers and tasks among the Member States, particularly when EU policy and law involves the politically sensitive areas of health care and public health. This question draws out the parameter for continuing the debate on the role of the European Union in promoting its own values and the wellbeing of its peoples, in light of its ever-growing role in human health issues.

The African Union and Universal Jurisdiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mennecke
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
African Union ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
African Government ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Status

Universal jurisdiction permits states to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of certain widely condemned offences, irrespective of whether they possess any of the traditional territorial, nationality, or other jurisdictional links to the offence. As a legal principle, African states accept the principle of universal jurisdiction, but in the past decade they have pushed back against it due to the perception that the courts of various European states have unfairly targeted African government officials that they perceive as enemies. Against this background, the chapter examines the status of the universal jurisdiction debate and how it relates to the role of the International Criminal Court and that of the African Union and its member states, in addition to evaluating the proposals made by African states within the framework of the United Nations to address the African government concerns about double standards in the application of universal jurisdiction through a special ad hoc committee of the General Assembly.

scholarly journals Rules are Rules: Reconceiving Monetary Gold as a Rule of Procedure

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Juliette McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Procedural Rule ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Icj ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Intervention Procedure ◽  
Formal Rules

The Case of the Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943 is familiar to all international lawyers. Like a catechism, we are taught that the ICJ will not proceed with a case where the legal interests of a State not before the Court “would not only be affected by a decision, but would form the very subject-matter of the decision.” Mollengarden and Zamir's proposal that the Court should dispense with the Monetary Gold principle feels almost heretical. The authors contend that the ICJ Statute sets out a framework for balancing the interests of third parties through the use of the intervention procedure, and that Monetary Gold “disrupts that balance.” Monetary Gold is, they submit, to be treated as only a judicial decision, entitled under Article 36(1)(d) of the Statute to little deference as a source of legal principle. I suggest taking an altogether different approach. The best way to understand the place of the Monetary Gold principle is in the context of the ICJ's rule making powers pursuant to Article 30(1) of the Court's Statute. These rule making powers are not limited to the promulgation of formal Rules of Court but extend to the determination of appropriate procedures during the hearing of a case. These procedural rules (small r), articulated in the context of particular cases, may in time evolve into formal Rules of Court through an iterative process. Monetary Gold is an instance of the Court defining a small r procedural rule in a manner that is consistent with the Court's Statute.

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