Protein, lysine and feed intake level effects on pig growth. III. Regression analysis and economic aspects

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Dent ◽  
R. Blair ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
J. R. Raeburn

SUMMARYData from the experiment described in the first paper of this series were subjected to regression analysis. Lean meat and live-weight gain response to both lysine and crude protein intake was almost linear in period 1 but in later periods little response was evident. Response of live-weight gain to increased energy was continuous though diminishing in the later periods. In periods 1 and 2 lean gains showed positive though diminishing response to energy.In a multivariate regression analysis it was clear especially for younger pigs that the response to dietary lysine for both live-weight and lean meat gains is influenced by the dietary level of crude protein and the energy intake. Separate multivariate analysis for each sex indicated that females are more efficient converters of lysine and energy into live weight and lean meat. Also an interaction between sex and dietary lysine level was suggested.A methodology for an economic analysis taking the joint objectives of total cost of production, speed of grain and quality of gain is established as a basis for design of high profit system of production.

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
J. C. Tayler

SUMMARYFifty-four British Friesian castrated male calves, initially 3, 6 or 9 months of age (107, 180 and 249 kg initial live weight, respectively), were individually fed for 83 days on maize silage (27·9% dry matter (D.M.), 10·7% crude protein in D.M.), offeredad libitum. Silage was offered either alone or supplemented with cobs of dried lucerne (21% of total D.M. intake). Three levels of urea (0, 1 and 2% of silage D.M.) were added to the silage before feeding.Total D.M. intakes averaged 23·0, 23·4 and 21·6 g/kg live weight (LW) for the 3-, 6- and 9-month-old animals, respectively. Addition of urea increased silage intake by 11% in the 6-month-old group but there was little effect in the 3- and 9-month-old groups. Lucerne supplementation reduced silage D.M. intake from 22·0 to 18·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001) and increased total D.M. intake by 1·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001).Live-weight gain (LWG) of the cattle fed on silage alone increased (P< 0·001) with increasing age of animal. The main effect of urea was to elevate (P< 0·001) LWG from an average of 0·79 (no urea) to 0·94 kg/head/day (2% urea). However, it appeared that most of this effect was confined to the 6-month-old group. The effect of lucerne on LWG decreased with increasing age of animal (P< 0·001). Inclusion of lucerne in the diet significantly reduced the response to urea (P< 0·05).Feed conversion efficiency (LWG/100 Mcal DE intake) decreased (P< 0·01) with increasing age of animal but increased with urea addition from an average of 4·7 (no urea) to 5·3 kg LWG/100 Meal DE intake (2% urea). The response to lucerne supplementation in terms of efficiency was greatest in the 3-month-old group and thereafter declined markedly with increasing age of animal.The results of this experiment indicated that cattle older than 6 months of age (180 kg LW) could achieve a rate of growth of 1·0 kg/head/day on maize silage supplemented solely with urea, but that younger animals required supplementary lucerne to support a high rate of live-weight gain.


1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
H. M. Hassan ◽  
A. M. S. Mukhtar

SUMMARYSixty-four young male Sudan desert lambs were group-fed for 87 days on four diets, all containing approximately 10% crude protein. The four diets contained 0, 1·3, 1·7 and 2·7% urea, respectively.Average daily gains were 0·15, 0·14, 0·14 and 0·13 kg; feed conversion ratios (kg of feed required to produce 1 kg live-weight gain) were 7·26, 8·14, 8·92 and 7·92; dressing percentages were 43·6, 42·1, 44·1 and 42·3.Digestibility trials with lambs fed on diets with 0 or 2·7% urea gave higher digestibility coefficients for crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract for the urea-supplemented lambs. Crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention values were lower for urea-supplemented lambs.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
Josmar Almeida Junior ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
...  

This study aimed to assess forage production, animal performance, and the chemical composition of Tanzania grass pasture fertilized with 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The variables analyzed were: leaf mass, daily accumulation rate, leaf/stem ratio, average daily gain, stocking rate, live weight gain per unit of area crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of leaves. The pasture management maintained the pasture height at 50 cm by using a continuous grazing method with the adjustment of stocking rate. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. The leaf mass increased linearly in response to nitrogen, with an increase of 1003 kg (34%) observed between a nitrogen content of 50 and 400 kg ha-1. Nitrogen did not affect the average daily gain, but increased the stocking rate and live weight gain ha-1. The value of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were higher with increased nitrogen levels, whereas the leaf digestibility did not affect nitrogen use. The comparison of 50 and 400 kg ha-1 levels indicated that there was an average increase of 19.2% in the leaf crude protein. The increased application of nitrogen fertilizer in Tanzania grass improved the chemical composition and animal performance; with regard to studied variables, the dose of 200 kg ha-1 resulted in the greatest improvement.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Romina Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar Balocchi ◽  
Daniel Alomar ◽  
Rodrigo Morales

Under the predicted conditions of climate change, the productivity of temperate grasslands may be affected by drought stress, especially in spring and summer. In this scenario, water-deficit-tolerant species such as plantain and chicory are interesting alternatives for use in sheep production systems. In this study, we compared a mixture of plantain and chicory herbage (PCH) with a grass-based permanent sward (GBS) on the weight gain and meat quality of lambs finished on these grasslands. Fifteen weaned lambs (31.3 kg and 4 months of age) were assigned to each treatment for seven weeks in late spring and live weight gain (LWG), carcass and meat quality were evaluated. There was a tendency (p = 0.09) in final weight (40.3 ± 0.8 kg) and live weight gain (173 ± 10 g/d) to be higher in PCH compared to GBS. Carcass weight, dressing percentage and meat quality in terms of pH, color and tenderness did not differ (p > 0.05) and were considered to be of good quality. We concluded that both swards result in comparable lamb performance and good meat quality.


1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Curran ◽  
I. J. Lean ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes

SUMMARY1. The growth, feed consumption per unit weight gain, carcass characteristics and some aspects of meat quality were studied in two trials with crosses derived from Landrace (L), Pietrain (P), Hampshire (H) and Large White (LW) breeds.2. In Trial 1, 96 pigs of both pure Landrace and LW(× (L♀ × P♂)♂ origin were studied up to slaughter weights of 64 and 91 kg live weight. In Trial 2, Landrace, LW♀ × (L♀ × P♂)♂ and LW ♂x (P♀x L♂)♂, (H♀ × P♂ × L♂ and (H♀ × P♂)♀ × LW♂ pigs were compared up to 91 kg live weight using 48 pigs of each type.3. All crossbred types showed better economy of production than Landrace when assessed by live-weight gain and feed consumption per unit weight gain. Their carcasses contained greater quantities of lean meat and similar quantities of rind, bone and fat than Landrace at comparable weights, but they exhibited a variable tendency to poorer meat quality. LW × (L × P) and LW × (P × L) carcasses at 91 kg live weight were shorter than Landrace; 4% and 14% of pigs in trials 1 and 2 respectively were less than the currently acceptable length of bacon pigs (775 mm). (H × P) × LW and (H×P)×L carcasses at this weight were much shorter; 34% and 38% respectively were less than 775 mm.


1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
K. L. Robinson

1. At two centres, Hillsborough and Shinfield, forty-eight pigs in four groups were fattened on rations containing Australian sorghum. The control ration consisted of 30%, wheatfeed, 30% barley meal, 30% maize meal and 10% fish meal. In the three experimental rations either barley meal or maize meal or both were replaced by sorghum.2. The rations containing 30% of sorghum proved to be equal to the control ration as far as live-weight gain of the pigs and the efficiency with which they utilized food was concerned. When 60% of the ration consisted of sorghum there were indications that both rate of gain and food utilization suffered.3. Some aspects of carcass quality suffered when either sorghum alone or sorghum plus maize formed 60% of the ration. The quality of the control carcasses, although quite good by present-day standards, would not qualify for first grade when commercial grading is re-introduced.4. Bacon produced on rations containing up to 60% sorghum had no off-taste or unpleasant flavour.5. In general, the value of sorghum in the ration of fattening pigs was found to be about equal to that of maize.


1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. McClelland ◽  
T. J. Forbes

SUMMARYIn-lamb ewes were given 38, 58 and 82 g of digestible crude protein daily at a constant energy intake of 1600 kcal ME per head daily during the last 6 weeks of gestation. There were no significant differences between treatments in live-weight gain of the ewes, lamb birth weight or ewe net body-weight change (the difference between live-weight gain over the experimental period and live-weight loss at lambing).Digestibility coefficients for the diet components and nitrogen balances were determined on three ewes per treatment during weeks 15-16 and 19·20 of gestation. No differences in the apparent digestibility of the diet components were observed between the two periods. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased significantly (P > 0·001) with increase in crude protein intake. A significant linear relationship (P<0·01) was found between digestible crude protein intake and nitrogen retention; daily N retention increased by 0·19 g per kg W0·73 for every 1 g per kg W0·73 of apparent digested nitrogen intake per day.


2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
В.М. Габидулин ◽  
С.А. Алимова ◽  
Х.Х. Тагиров

Основной целью настоящего исследования являлось определение влияния селекционно-генетических параметров эко-генотипа коров-матерей абердин-ангусской породы на племенную ценность потомков. Экспериментальная часть работы выполнялась в условиях одного из предприятий Курганской области. Исследования проводились на коровах-матерях (n = 20) 5-летнего возраста и потомстве – бычках (n = 20) линии быка-производителя Бисмарка 5682 австралийской селекции и их аналогов – коровах и бычках линии быка-производителя Дизайна 1015 отечественной репродукции. Бычки проходили оценку по собственной продуктивности. В результате исследований установлено, что коровы линии Дизайна имели достоверное превосходство над представительницами линии Бисмарка по живой массе на 9,8% (Р < 0,001), по высоте в крестце – на 4,1% (Р < 0,001) и по молочности – на 2,4% (Р > 0,05). По результатам испытания бычков по собственной продуктивности с 8 до 15 месяцев выявлено достоверное преимущество бычков генотипа Дизайна относительно потомства Бисмарка по живой массе на 4,3% (Р < 0,001), по интенсивности среднесуточного прироста – на 7,4% (Р < 0,001), по выраженности типа телосложения – на 8,2% (Р < 0,01). Ранговое распределение потомков по комплексному индексу выявило превосходство линии Дизайна 1015 отечественной селекции. При этом средние величины изучаемых признаков потомков обеих линий превосходили своих сверстников в среднем по стаду. Комплексная оценка быков-производителей по качеству потомства с учётом генотипа матерей позволит более качественно выявлять продолжателей родоначальников, обладающих лучшей способностью совершенствования стада при их линейном разведении. The main goal of this research was to determine the influence of the selection and genetic parameters of the eco-genotype of mother cows of the Aberdeen-Angus breed on the breeding value of offspring. The experimental part of the work was carried out in the conditions of one of the enterprises of the Kurgan region. The researches were carried out on five-year-old mother cows (n = 20) and offspring – small bulls (n = 20) of the Bismarck servicing bull line 5682 of Australian breeding and their analogues – cows and small bulls of the Design servicing bull line 1015 of domestic reproduction. Small bulls were evaluated for their own productivity. As a result of researches it was found that cows of the Design line had a reliable superiority over representatives of the Bismarck line in live weight by 9.8% (P < 0.001), in height in the rump bone – by 4.1% (P < 0.001) and in milking capacity – by 2.4% (P > 0.05). According to the results of testing small bulls on their own productivity from 8 to 15 months, a reliable advantage of small bulls of the Design genotype relative to Bismarck's offspring on live weight was revealed by 4.3% (P < 0.001), on the intensity of the daily live weight gain – by 7.4% (P < 0.001), on the severity of the physique type – by 8.2% (P < 0.01). The rank distribution of offspring according to the complex index revealed the superiority of the Design line 1015 of domestic selection. Moreover, the average values of the studied features of offspring of both lines exceeded their herdmates on average in herd. A comprehensive assessment of servicing bulls on the quality of offspring taking into account the genotype of mothers will better identify the successors of the ancestors who have the best ability to improve the herd during their linear breeding.


1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
R. Massie ◽  
A. MacDearmid

SUMMARY1. A growth trial was carried out using 24 British Friesian steers given diets containing (1) 100%, (2) 60%, (3) 40% and (4) 0% concentrates and chopped dried grass up to 100%.2. Daily dry-matter intake was significantly lower for steers on Treatment 1 than for steers on the other three treatments.3. Rate of live-weight gain declined from 1·18 to 0·88 kg/day and carcass gain from 625 to 430 g/day between steers on Treatments 1 and 4.4. Killing-out percentage dropped from 55·3% (1) to 51·9% (4) and the 8th-10th rib from steers on Treatments 3 and 4 contained significantly more crude protein and less ether-extractable matter than ribs from steers on Treatments 1 and 2.


1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
R. M. Tetlow ◽  
B. G. Gibbs ◽  
Margaret Gill

ABSTRACT1. The primary growth of perennial ryegrass was cut between 7 and 9 June and ensiled with formic acid at 2·5 1/t. The regrowth was cut on 24 July; part was dried at high temperature (dried grass), the remainder was left to dry in the field (hay). The dried grass (DG) and part of the hay were ground and pelleted, the hay being pelleted alone (PH) or with the addition of formaldehyde at 20 g/kg crude protein (PHF). The remainder of the hay was offered in the chopped form (CH). The four supplements (CH, PH, PHF, DG) were offered at two levels, 6·5 (L) and 130 (H) g dry matter per kg live weight to 54 British Friesian steers (initial live weight, 110 kg) receiving the silage ad libitum.2. The silage had a high pH and a high proportion of the total nitrogen was in the form of ammonia, indicating poor fermentation. The solubility of nitrogen in the supplements was highest (262 g/kg total nitrogen) in CH, progressively less in PH and PHF and lowest (122 g/kg total nitrogen) in DG.3. Total dry-matter intake was highest with DG at the higher level of inclusion. Dry-matter intake was significantly higher for PH and PHF than for CH (P < 0·001). However, intake of digestible energy did not differ between hays. Live-weight gain was increased from a low level of 0·24 kg/day (silage alone) by all supplements, but this effect was greater with DG than with the hays (P < 0·001). Level of supplementation increased live-weight gain from 0·54 to 0·74 kg/day.4. Supplements of dried grass gave higher live-weight gains than did hay made from the same sward. However, the results indicate that supplementation of badly preserved silage with grass hay of good quality can produce acceptable levels of performance of up to 0·70 kg/day in 4-month-old steers. Processing of the hay had little effect on animal performance.


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