Voluntary intake of low-protien diets by ruminants: I. Intake of food by cattle

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. A study was made of the voluntary intake hay, of low nutritive value, by heifers of two breeds of African cattle when given four different amounts concentrate foods (9, 18, 27 and 36 g/kg W0.73/day) each providing three levels of protein (1·3, 2·6 and 3·9 g DCP kg W0.73/day). The trial was designed two incomplete Latin squares, one for each breed, with thirteen treatments, thirteen heifers and four replicates.2. Voluntary intakes of low-protein hay by Africander and Mashona heifers were similar and these increased as levels of supplementary protein were raised and intakes of hay were reduced amounts of concentrate provided to them became more liberal. Inter-relationships of food intake and dietary composition were, however, very complex.3. Increased allowances of dietary protein and concentrate generally corresponded with higher intakes of total food and digestible energy. But this was not true at the lower levels of protein input where there was evidence that food and digestible nutritient intakes were depressed when liberal amounts of concentrate were fed to the cattle.

Voluntary intake of low-protein diets by ruminants: II. Intake of food by sheep

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Separate Treatment ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Protein Diets

1. A study was made of the voluntary intake of hay of low nutritive value by sheep when given four different amounts of concentrate foods (9, 18, 27 and 36 g/kg W0.73/day) each providing three levels of protein (1·3, 2·6 and 3·9 g DCP/kg W0.73/day). Hay alone was offered as a separate treatment. The trial was designed as an incomplete Latin square with thirteen treatments, thirteen sheep and four replicates.2. Voluntary intake of low-protein hay by sheep was invariably lowered when they were given increasing amounts of concentrates. Hay consumption was also affected by level of supplementary protein; intakes increasing sharply from the lowest level provided (1·3 g DCP/kg metabolic body weight) to maximal intakes when about 3 g DCP/kg W0.73 were given to the sheep.3. Total food and digestible energy (DE) intakes were similarly affected by changes in dietary protein level. Successive increments in concentrate allowances, except at the highest level of concentrate input, caused corresponding reductions in hay intake so that total food consumption remained similar (when protein level was kept constant). In consequence, DE intakes rose to maxima when approximately 30 g concentrate/kg W0.73/day were fed to the sheep.

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

A note on the response of pigs weaned at 28 days to dietary protein

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTThirty-six piglets were used to investigate the effect of six concentrations of dietary protein ranging from 155 to 235 g/kg, and corresponding dietary lysine concentrations from 10·1 to 15·4 g/kg, on the performance of pigs weaned at 28 days of age and growing between 7·5 and 20 kg live weight. Voluntary food intake was not significantly affected by dietary protein, and growth rate increased with increase in dietary protein and lysine up to 167 and 10·9 g/kg respectively (0·75 g lysine per MJ digestible energy (DE)). Food: gain ratio improved significantly with each increase in dietary protein and lysine up to 177 and 11·6 g/kg (0·79 g lysine per MJ DE) respectively.

Free-feeding patterns of rats: effects of pyrogen and dietary protein content

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Leung ◽  
BA Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bacterial Pyrogen ◽  
Free Feeding ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Infusion of bacterial pyrogen (Priomen) was accompanied by an increase in body temperature, an increase in heat production, and a decrease in the voluntary food intake ofrats fed high-as well as low-protein diets. The magnitude of this pyrogen-induced depression of food intake was comparable for both diets. However, in rats fed high-protein diets, this decrease was additive to that normally seen following administration of such diets. These data indicate that the control of food intake cannot be explained in terms of a behavioral the more regulatory response.

scholarly journals Dietary utilisation of protein and energy from fresh and ensiled coffee pulp by the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Moreau ◽  
Jose-Luis Arredondo ◽  
Isabelle Perraud-Gaime ◽  
Sevastianos Roussos
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Silage Process

Dietary protein and energy utilisation of diets containing fresh and ensiled coffee pulp were studied on 3.2 ± 0.2 g Nile tilapia for 28 days. Diets formulation and feeding were designed on the basis of daily dietary protein and energy allowance. A control diet A (100 % protein and 100 % energy allowance) corresponding to 15 g CP kg-1 day-1 and 750 kJ kg-1 day-1, a low protein control diet B (80 % protein and 100 % energy allowance), two diets C and E (100 % protein and 100 % energy allowance) where 20 % of protein were supplied by coffee pulp, and two diets D and F with the same amount of coffee pulp than in C and E and supplementation in non-protein energy. Inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet strongly impaired growth and feed utilisation. Silage process improved overall feed utilisation comparing to fresh coffee pulp. Results showed that fresh or ensiled coffee pulp was not a suitable feedstuff for Nile tilapia. However, better knowledge on modification occurring during silage process could allow finding the way to significantly improve nutritive value of coffee pulp by-products.

scholarly journals Dietary protein and the growth of rats infected with the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hall
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Weanling Rats

1. Weanling rats fed on a relatively low protein diet were infected with several intestinal tapeworms. The weight gain and daily food intake of the rats were measured for 3 weeks before the animals were killed and the adult tapeworms recovered. The tissues of the rats and worms were then analysed for protein. Controls were provided by uninfected rats either pair fed or fed ad lib. For comparison, a similar experiment was conducted on rats fed on a relatively high protein diet.2. The effect of the infection on the protein-malnourished rats and of the low level of protein on the worms were apparently not significant. The amount of protein contained in the worm burdens was less than 1·5% of the average total intake of the protein-malnourished rats.

COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE, DIGESTIBILITE ET INGESTION VOLONTAIRE D’ENSILAGES D’HERBES ET DE MAIS PAR DES AGNEAUX

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J.-C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Chemical analysis, in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake measurements were used to determine the nutritive value of different crops made as silage for sheep. In the first experiment, grass silages contained less N-NH3 than corn–pea silage. Digestible energy intake of grass silage treated with formic acid was higher than that which was untreated. Digestibility, dry matter intake and the nutritive value index were higher for corn–pea silage than for treated or untreated grass silage. In the second experiment, six different silages were made. Corn was harvested at the milk and dough stages of growth and after a frost and was chopped at either 1.3 cm or 0.6 cm. Silage made with corn harvested after a frost and chopped at 1.3 cm and that made with corn harvested at the milk stage and chopped at 0.6 cm had higher N-NH3 content than the others. Fine chopping decreased digestibility of silages harvested at earlier maturity stages but increased the digestible energy of the corn silage harvested after a frost. Voluntary intake was greater with silages harvested at the later dates than with silage harvested at the milk stage.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHOLE CROP CEREAL SILAGES

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
G. STEACY ◽  
W. L. CROWLE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Dough Stage

Voluntary intake and digestibility of protein, dry matter and energy of nine cereal silages were determined using 200-kg steers. Digestible energy intakes were lower for spring rye (Gazelle) and tillering corn silage (Stewart Multi T) than for wheat, oats, barley and non-tillering corn silages (Pride R102). Intake of DE was highest for Neepawa wheat silage. The tillering corn was less mature (16.0% dry matter) than the other cereals which were harvested at the mid-dough stage. Digestibility of protein was significantly lower in the rye and corn silages than in the other silages.

The regulation of food intake by sheep

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
F. W. Wainman ◽  
R. S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. A series of experiments with adult sheep were carried out in an attempt to place on a quantitative basis the generalisation that the voluntary food intake of ruminants increases with the quality of the fodder they are given.2. Methods of determining voluntary intake free of subjective bias were developed. It was shown that voluntary intake varied with a fractional power of body weight close to 0·734. The length of time necessary to establish stable intakes was 12–15 days and the number of times fresh food was offered each day had no apparent effect on intake.3. It was found that voluntary intake of long fodders was related to the apparent digestibility of their energy, increasing rapidly as digestibility increased from 38% to 70% and thereafter more slowly.4. The giving of concentrated food resulted in a drop in the voluntary intake of fodder. With high quality hay 100 g. concentrates replaced 100 g. hay. With poor quality hay, 100 g. concentrates replaced 47 g. of hay.5. The passage of three widely different hays through the gut was measured and the poorest passed most slowly. Calculations showed that the dry matter content of gut contents was the same for all three materials irrespective of their quality.6. It was shown that an increase in digestibility of 10 units in the range 40–60% resulted in considerable increases in the total amount of energy apparently digested and in equivalent increases in daily gain.7. The digested energy consumed/day/kg. W0·734 (E) can be related to voluntary intake (I) g./day/kg. W0·734 by the equation:—E=4·(I—31)which provides a rapid and easy method of assessing fodder quality under conditions of ad libitum supply.8. The results are discussed and it is shown that under ad libitum feeding conditions an increase in the nutritive value of unit feed from 50 to 55, i.e. by 10%, increases body gain by 100%.

scholarly journals Consequences of protein supplementation for anorexia, expression of immunity and plasma leptin concentrations in parasitized ewes of two breeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Zaralis ◽  
Bert J. Tolkamp ◽  
Jos G. M. Houdijk ◽  
Alastair R. G. Wylie ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) against parasites in ewes has a nutritional basis. We investigated whether ewes experience a reduction in food intake (anorexia) during PPRI and if the magnitude of anorexia is affected by host production potential and dietary protein supplementation. We also investigated whether nematode infection is linked to plasma leptin concentrations in periparturient ewes. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Two breeds of twin-bearing/lactating ewes (Greyface cross, G (n 32) and Scottish Blackface, B (n 32)) were used. Half of the ewes were trickle infected with 30 000 larvae of the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta per week and the other half were not. During the experiment, all ewes had ad libitum access to a low-protein diet that provided less protein than the recommended allowance. In addition, half of the ewes received a protein supplement that resulted in protein intakes that exceeded recommendations. Nematode infection resulted in a breakdown of immunity to parasites and a reduction in food intake in both breeds. The breeds differed in the extent of PPRI (G ewes having higher faecal egg counts than B ewes), but not in the magnitude of anorexia. Protein supplementation resulted in a reduction in faecal egg counts, but had no effect on the magnitude of anorexia. Plasma leptin concentrations changed significantly over time, but were not affected by protein supplementation or infection. It is concluded that infection with T. circumcincta in periparturient ewes results in anorexia that is not alleviated by protein supplementation and seems unrelated to plasma leptin concentrations.

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