Observations on the mineral metabolism of pullets. II

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Digestible Protein

1. Where heavy phosphorus excretion accompanies egg laying in the pullet the excretion of ammonia nitrogen is simultaneously increased. It is probable that this indicates an excretion of excess phosphate in the urine as ammonium phosphate.2. It is shown that heavy phosphorus excretion does not accompany egg laying provided the calcium carbonate intake is sufficiently high.3. The origin of the excess of phosphorus excretion is discussed in relation to calcium-phosphorus metabolism.4. Pullets on a ration containing 5 per cent, calcium carbonate laid eggs containing a higher percentage of P2O5 than pullets receiving a similar ration but from which the calcium carbonate supplement was omitted.5. Some evidence is put forward in support of the view that current standards pitch the requirements of digestible protein for egg production at too high a level.

Studies in the absorption and excretion of certain minerals by poultry. III. The influence of different levels of dietary calcium upon the retention of calcium, phosphorus, carbonate and chloride

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

1. The daily retention of calcium, carbonate, phosphorus and chloride was studied using four birds and changing the calcium carbonate content of the ration every 5 days for 15 days.2. It was shown that high calcium diets result in a much lower retention of calcium and thin-shelled eggs are produced.3. Retention of calcium was higher in the laying than in the non-laying bird when calcium carbonate was fed.4. High calcium diets depressed the retention of phosphorus, and in one case the retention was negative, even when no eggs were laid. Laying birds gave negative values for retention because of the heavy phosphorus excretion associated with egg laying.5. High calcium diets also depressed the retention of chloride, and on occasion led to negative retention values.

Observations on the Mineral Metabolism of Pullets

1933 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Concomitant Change ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Potassium Retention

1. Previous observations on the calcium and phosphorus metabolism of the pullet are confirmed.2. Calcium and phosphorus retention are shown to be related to the amount of sodium chloride in the food.3. The extra phosphorus excretion which accompanies egg laying involves no marked concomitant change of the amount of potassium in the droppings. Small concomitant increases in the sodium in the droppings were observed where the food contained only small amounts of sodium and chloride; potassium retention was observed on the succeeding day in every case but one.

scholarly journals Modern problems of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149-1154
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Mokrysheva ◽  
Anna K. Eremkina ◽  
Elena V. Kovaleva ◽  
Julia A. Krupinova ◽  
Olga K. Vikulova
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
The World ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

The parathyroid glands are the most important regulators of mineral metabolism. The parathyroid glands were first discovered only in 1880 and their function went the long way unrecognized. Even the term "parathyroid gland" itself speaks of the initial misconception of it as an underdeveloped part of the thyroid. To date, there is a large amount of data regarding the role of this endocrine gland in the human body and the significant changes associated with their dysfunction, including such widespread diseases such primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism. This review covers the problem of the main disturbances in calcium-phosphorus metabolism, presents the results of databases of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, as well as current epidemiological trends in Russia and in the world.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and mineral metabolism after childbirth with the use of preventive doses of cholecalciferol

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Novikova ◽  
Irina E. Zazerskaya ◽  
Lyubov V. Kuznetsova ◽  
Ekaterina S. Shelepova ◽  
Elena L. Khazova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Group I ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Pth Level

Hypothesis/aims of study. According to the literature, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its deficiency in pregnant women reaches 6080%, which is a significant factor in reducing bone mineral density (BMD), osteopenia, and the risk of fractures after childbirth. Hormone-mediated changes in calcium-phosphorus metabolism during lactation are an independent factor in the reduction of BMD. Therefore, the study of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency after childbirth and the possibility of correction is relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic doses of cholecalciferol and calcium carbonate over time on calcium-phosphorus metabolism indicators after childbirth. Study design, materials and methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted based on V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg. 64 puerperas, who lived in St. Petersburg from 2013 to 2014, were surveyed on the 35th day after childbirth. The age of women ranged from 20 to 35 years. Blood serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined for all the puerpera. Using the blind envelope method, the postpartum women were randomized into groups: group I received cholecalciferol 400 IU and calcium carbonate 1000 mg after delivery for 6 months; group II received cholecalciferol 900 IU and calcium carbonate 1000 mg after delivery for 6 months. Blood sampling was performed over time to assess the levels of 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Results. In group I after childbirth, the initial level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum was 22.46 4.35 ng/ml, which corresponds to vitamin D insufficiency. An increase in 25(OH)D level by 3.56 ng/ml was observed after 3 months from the start of taking cholecalciferol 400 IU. After 6 months, the level of 25(OH)D reached normal values in 20% of women (p = 0.0001). In group II after childbirth, the initial level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum was 20.64 5.37 ng/ml, which corresponds to vitamin D insufficiency. An increase in 25(OH)D level by 7.60 ng/ml was observed after 3 months from the start of taking cholecalciferol 900 IU. After 6 months, the level of 25(OH)D reached normal values in 56% of women, while the average level of 25(OH)D in these women corresponded to its normally low values. The levels of PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium remained within the reference values in both groups; however, there was an increase in PTH concentration 6 months after delivery, which may indicate that the cholecalciferol dose is insufficient to stabilize PTH. Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occurred in 80-97 % of those examined after delivery. The use of prophylactic doses of cholecalciferol has a positive effect on calcium-phosphorus metabolism; however, they are not sufficient to stabilize PTH level. The cholecalciferol dose of 400 IU is insufficient to normalize the level of 25(OH)D within 6 months of administration. The cholecalciferol dose of 900 IU leads to normally low values of 25(OH)D in 56 % of women after 6 months of administration, but this does not stabilize PTH level either.

Observations on the mineral metabolism of pullets: VI. The mobilization of body calcium for shell formation

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
R. W. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Tentative Hypothesis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Skeletal Calcium ◽  
Normal Feature ◽  
Actual Ratio

1. Some recent developments of mineral balance studies on laying fowl are discussed and applied to the interpretation of the average results of twenty-six balance experiments with pullets.2. Several of the experiments are re-examined in detail from the same standpoint.3. A tentative hypothesis covering the relations between the calcium metabolism of shell formation and the calcium-phosphorus metabolism of bone is put forward on the basis of this reconsideration of available data. It is suggested that some degree of mobilization of skeletal calcium is a normal feature of shell formation in the fowl, the fraction of bone mineral material mobilized always having a higher Ca: P ratio than the skeleton as a whole, although the actual ratio may vary with the calcium in the diet and with the form in which the calcium is provided.

scholarly journals Overview: prevalence and structure of metabolic diseases of laying chickens, their influence on egg quality and condition of young chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
A. R. Shcherbatyy ◽  
L. G. Slivinska
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Comparative Review

The article analyzes and presents statistics on the number of laying hens in Ukraine, production, consumption and import of eggs for the last 5 years, the spread of metabolic diseases of laying hens on the basis of a review of literature sources. Metabolic disorders are the largest group of poultry diseases classified as metabolic diseases and cause significant economic losses. Hepatitis, hepatodystrophy, cirrhosis, liver abscesses, cholecystitis, and gallstone disease are diagnosed in laying hens as a result of impaired carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and mineral metabolism. With a lack or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus or D-hypovitaminosis, in chickens develop diseases such as osteoporosis and hypocalcemia, which reduce egg-laying, quality of hatching eggs and young poultry, and can lead to the death of embryos and adults. Hypovitaminosis (A, D, E) and microelementosis (Co, Cu, Zn, J) in poultry cause decreased immunity, disorders of hormonal system, growth, reproductive functions, egg production, dysfunction of internal organs and nervous system, contribute to the formation of defective eggs, development in embryo of alimentary diseases, which affects the hatchability and quality of young poultry. In view of this, the norms of feeding and keeping poultry are constantly being improved based on an in-depth study of these processes. The subject of this work was a comparative review of the results obtained by various authors on the most common metabolic diseases of laying hens, their impact on productive traits (laying), quality characteristics of eggs, embryogenesis, quality of young laying hens of modern high-yielding crosses. This review of literature sources can serve as a tool for determining the future direction of research, as well as an indicator of its practical application.

scholarly journals Influence of Age and Sex on the Blood Biochemical Constituent Values of Broiler Breeders During the Egg-Laying Stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Sebastião Rezende ◽  
BELCHIOLINA BEATRIZ FONSECA ◽  
Paula Fernanda Sousa Braga ◽  
Ednaldo Carvalho Guimarães ◽  
Antonio Vicente Mundim
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of age and sex on the blood biochemical constituents of broiler breeders during the egg production stage. The analysis was performed in an industrial broiler breeder farm, and blood samples were collected from males and females at five different ages. At most ages, females had higher values of total proteins, albumin, globulins, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, Ca/P (calcium and phosphorus)ratio and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The values of uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and alkaline phosphatase (PAL) were higher in males. The lowest protein values were found at 28 and 60 weeks old. The mean albumin values were significantly higher at 44 and 52 weeks old in males and females. A trend of increasing globulin values ​​with increasing age up to 52 weeks old was observed. Although calcium and phosphorus did not vary according to age, the Ca/P ratio was lowest at 36 weeks old. Comparing the means of both sexes, the AST and GGT values were significantly higher in 60-week-old birds. The highest serum levels of CK occurred at 28 and 52 weeks old. The physiological levels of serum biomarkers presented in this work are important for evaluating productivity performance, welfare, and disease indication in breeding flocks.

scholarly journals Mineral metabolism and COVID-19: is there a connection?

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233
Author(s):  
Irina S. Maganeva ◽  
Anna M. Gorbacheva ◽  
Ekaterina E. Bibik ◽  
Elizaveta A. Aboisheva ◽  
Anna K. Eremkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

Due to global spread of COVID-19, the search for new factors that could influence its clinical course becomes highly important. This review summarize the relevant publications on the association between immune system and the main regulators of mineral homeostasis including. In addition, we have highlighted the various aspects of phosphorus-calcium metabolism related to the acute respiratory diseases and in particular to COVID-19. The data about the calcium-phosphorus metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 infection is required to understand the possible clinical implications and to develop new therapeutic and preventive interventions.

Abstract #1017 Parathyroid Function in Hyperthyroidism in Relation to Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Ayotunde Ale ◽  
Olatunbosum Olawale ◽  
Onyido Okwuchi ◽  
Sunday Ogundele ◽  
Anthonia Ogbera
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Parathyroid Function ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Vitamin D Provision in High-Yield Dairy Cows During the Winter Housing Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
L. Yuskiv ◽  
V. Vlizlo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Level ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D 3

Aim. To investigate the vitamin D status in highly productive cows during winter housing period and effect of cholecalciferol by various ways of vitamin D 3 injection to cows in last days of gestation and after calving. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunoassay, spectrophotometry. Results. It has been stated that intramuscular injection of cholecalciferol into cows caused increase of the vitamin D 3 active metabolite – 25-OHD 3 , calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels together with decrease of alkaline phosphatase level in pre- and post-natal periods. Oral supplementation makes little infl uence on the studied blood parameters of cows. Conclusions. Extrabuccal administration and oral supplementation of cholecalciferol in winter housing period to high-yield cows in the last days of gestation and after calving is accompanied by increased levels of its metabolites and their effect on mineral metabolism in the postnatal period. The nature of these changes depends on the mode of vitamin D administration and the physiological state of the cows.

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