The effects of partial suckling on the lactation performance of Chios sheep and Damascus goats and the growth rate of the lambs and kids

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hadjipanayiotou ◽  
A. Louca
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Chios Sheep

SummaryTwo trials with 82 and 54 Chios ewes and one with 44 Damascus goats were conducted during 1973–4 to study the effects of partial suckling on lactation performance and the growth rate of the lambs and kids. The treatments studied were: (a) continuous (24 h a day) suckling; (b) partial (8 h a day) suckling and (c) partial with decreasing duration of suckling from 8 h daily to residual suckling, i.e. 20 min after each milking.No significant differences were found in either the 35-day milk yields (commercial milk yield+milk sucked) of ewes or the 70-day milk yields of goats between animals suckling continuously and those suckling partially. However, the 35-day and 70-day commercial milk yields of ewes and goats on the partial suckling treatments were significantly higher than those of ewes and goats on the continuous suckling treatment. Residual suckling of ewes from 36 to 120 days after lambing resulted in an increase in the total milk yield but not in the milk sold. Significant differences in milk yields were found between ewes nursing one and those nursing two lambs. The corresponding mean values for the 35-day milk yield were 78 and 94 kg and those for the 120-day milk yield 205 and 238 kg.Up to weaning (35 days for sheep and 70 days for goats) the growth rate of lambs and kids on the partial suckling treatments tended to be poorer than that of those on continuous suckling. After weaning, however, the growth rate of the partially suckled lambs and kids as well as that of the lambs on residual suckling from 36 to 120 days were as good as that of those suckling continuously so that the differences in the final weight were not significant.It is concluded that partial suckling in sheep and goats is profitable in the early stages of lactation provided that the milk left to the young and the intake of solid feed are sufficient to sustain satisfactory growth.

The effect of three suckling regimes on the lactation performance of Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi sheep and the growth rate of the lambs

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
A. Louca ◽  
A. Mavrogenis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARYNinety-nine ewes, 33 from each of the Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi breeds, were used to compare the effects of three suckling regimes on lactation. These consisted of weaning the lambs at birth (W0), 2 days (W2) and 35 days (W35). The 35-day, 150-day and total milk yields, as well as lactation length, were measured for each group. The lambs weaned from the ewes at birth and 2 days were reared on ewe-milk replacer. The growth rate of these lambs was compared with that of the lambs being suckled by their dams, before and after weaning.In all cases the milk yields of the Chios and Awassi breeds of sheep were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the Cyprus fat-tailed. Within each breed the 35-day milk yields of the ewes suckling one lamb were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the ewes on the W0 or W2 treatments, which themselves did not differ significantly. While the 150-day milk yields of the W35 treatment were significantly higher than those of the W0 or W2 treatments, the differences between suckling regimes in terms of total milk yield and lactation length were not significant. It is concluded that differences in milk yield obtained on different suckling regimes are attributable solely to the length of time that the lambs are suckled by their dams.Prior to weaning the growth rate of the lambs given the ewe-milk replacer was significantly lower than that of the lambs suckled by their dams. There were no differences in the growth rates of these groups of lambs when both were fattened on a creep feed after weaning.

The effect of suckling regime on growth rate and lactation performance of the Cyprus Fat-tailed and Chios sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraam Louca
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYSeventy-two Cyprus Fat-tailed and Chios ewes with their lambs were used over a 2-year period to study the effects of three suckling regimes on the lactation performance of ewes and growth rate of lambs. The regimes studied were continuous or 24-hr a day suckling, 12-hr suckling and no suckling. The lambs were weaned at the age of 10 weeks. All the ewes, including those suckling, were handmilked throughout the trial twice daily.Highly significant differences in milk yield (milk sucked by lambs plus milk withdrawn by hand) and lactation length were found between the Fat-tailed and Chios ewes, the respective average milk yields being 159 and 265 kg and the corresponding lactation lengths, 158 and 209 days. There were no significant differences between breeds in the live weight or average daily gain of lambs up to the age of 20 weeks. Suckling for 12 rather than 24 hr a day had no adverse effects on the milk yield of ewes or the growth rate of lambs. The no-suckling regime, however, adversely affected milk yield and lactation length but the effects were less pronounced for the Chios breed.

Comparative studies of sheep and goats: milk yield and composition and growth rate of lambs and kids

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Economides
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
Milk Feeding

SummaryTwo trials were carried out to compare the milk yield, milk composition and the rate of growth of naturally or artificially reared kids and lambs of Damascus goats and Chios sheep.Milk yield until weaning was similar in sheep and goats, but goats produced significantly more milk after weaning. Sheep milk was higher in total solids, fat, protein, lactose, ash and calorific value.Lambs and kids grew similarly during the ad libitum milk feeding period but lambs grew faster during the restricted milk feeding period. Solid feed intake of lambs until weaning was higher than that of kids and the results indicated that the rumen develops later in kids than in lambs. During the post-weaning period lambs consumed more feed, grew faster and utilized feed more efficiently than kids. Lambs were more sensitive to high copper supply than kids.

The effect of early weaning on the lactation performance of Damascus goats and the growth rate of the kids

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Louca ◽  
A. Mavrogenis ◽  
M. J. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Total Milk

SummaryOne hundred and four Damascus goats with their kids were used study the effects of early weaning on the lactation of the goats and the growth rate of the kids. The treatments studied were: 2-day suckling (S2) where the kids were suckled by their dams for 2 days a d then reared artificially on milk replacer; 35-day suckling (S35) where the dams suckled their kids for 35 days; 70-day suckling (S70) where the dams suckled their kids for 70 days.The differences among treatments in 150-day and total milk yield and lactation length were not significant. Conversely, the differences in the yield of milk available for marketing were highly significant. The goats on S2 produced more marketable milk than those on S35 and S70, and the goats on S35 produced more than those on S70. The growth rate of the kids weaned at 35 days of age was significantly lower than that of those weaned at 70 days. The differences between kids reared artificially and those suckled by their dams to 70 days of age were not significant. It was concluded that early weaning does not materially affect lactation performance and that it can increase the milk available for marketing.

The effect of type of suckling on the pre- and post-weaning lactation performance of Damascus goats and the growth rate of the kids

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hadjipanayiotou
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

SummaryForty-nine and 58 Damascus goats were used in each of two trials, respectively. Goats were randomly allocated 2 days post-partum to twin-suckling (TS), singlesuckling (SS) and no-suckling (NS) kids treatments. In trial 1, artificially reared kids were divided into two groups fed either on ewe-milk (25·8% fat, 24·2% protein) or on calf-milk (15% fat, 22·5% protein) replacer. In trial 2, all artificially reared kids were fed on ewe-milk replacer. The ewe- and calf-milk replacers were reconstituted in the ratio of 1 part powder to 5 or 4 parts (by weight) of water, respectively.Separation of kids from their dams reduced total milk yield (means of two trials) until weaning (TS 194, SS 176, NS 121 kg/goat) and from weaning to 90 days of lactation (TS 95, SS 89, NS 70 kg/goat). On the other hand, separation of kids increased marketable milk yield until weaning (TS 68, SS 99, NS 121 kg/goat). Marketable milk during the period 3–90 days post-partum was similar for NS and SS goats (TS 163, SS 188, NS 191 kg/goat). Goats suckling two kids suffered greater weight losses (TS 78, SS 44, NS 6 g/day). Goats suckling two males produced more milk until weaning than all other twin sets. Differences in concentrate intake between group means of TS and SS were smaller compared with the NS group (TS 2·26, SS 2·08, NS 1·86 kg/goat per day).There were no differences in weaning weight and weight gain from birth to weaning between kids reared on milk replacers. However, four kids on the calf-milk replacer died and two more were excluded from the data because of severe scouring. Single suckling kids gained more weight until weaning than TS and those reared artificially (AR) on ewe-milk replacer (SS 11·1, TS 9·1, AR 9·3 kg/kid). Furthermore, males consumed more milk than females (males 74, females 64 kg/kid) and SS more than TS kids (SS 75, TS 63 kg/kid).It is concluded that SS and NS treatments increase commercial milk yields compared with the TS goats, but NS should not be recommended because of an adverse effect on pre- and post-weaning lactation performance.

Lactation performance of goats and growth rates of kids under different milking and rearing methods in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
East African ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to test different milking procedures for dual-purpose goats that would be suitable for smallholder farmers. In experiment 1, 105 East African and Galla does that kidded to singles were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) milking in absence of kid and kid sucking residual; (b) milking in presence of kid and kid sucking residual; and (c) milking once a week and kid sucking all milk 6 days of the week. In experiment 2, 45 Galla does that kidded to singles were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) weigh-suckle-weigh; (b) milking half udder while kid sucking other half and (c) kid sucking all milk in the evening and milking mornings. Measurements of milk yield, milk sucked and weights of kids were taken for 12 weeks of lactation.Results were analysed using least-squares techniques for unequal subclass numbers. Milking in the presence of kids increased does' milk yield. This increase was attributed to the stimulation of milk let-down by the presence of kids. Although this method potentially provided most milk for dairy use, less residual milk was left to sustain growth of kids. Estimates of total milk yield by milking once a week underestimated milk yield potential of the East African and Galla breeds. Results indicated an appropriate method for estimating milk potential should combine both milked and sucked milk measurements. Restricting milk available to the kids reduced their growth rates and thus indirectly affected their maturing rates. No milking procedure proved to be superior all-around for the smallholder for milking goats. To resolve this dilemma, use of an optimizing technique including socio-economic weighting of milk for family use relative to milk for kids was proposed.

A Bayesian estimation of the lactation curve of a dairy cow

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Goodall ◽  
D. Sprevak
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Recursive Procedure ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Total Milk

ABSTRACTA recursive procedure for the estimation of the lactation curve of a dairy cow, which allows the inclusion of prior information on the curve and which takes account of the correlation between successive observations, is described. The method is based on the Kalman filter. It was found to give accurate estimates of the total milk yield at early stages of lactation.

Lactation performance of ewes and the growth of lambs, in Awassi sheep, under two different suckling regimes

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Guirgis ◽  
M. M. Kassem ◽  
N. T. Kazzal ◽  
R. K. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Commercial Milk

SummaryThe present study was carried out on 39 local Awassi ewes. After parturition, lambs were left to suckle their dams for the first month of age, after which they were separated into two suckling regimes, restricted and continuous.The average milk yield of ewes in the continuous system was 155·7 kg during the lactation period of 167±6·1 days whereas that of the restricted system was 139·8 kg during a lactation period of 183 ± 5·7 days. However, differences were not significant. Significant differences (P < 0·01), in favour of the continuous system, occurred in the amount of milk suckled by lambs in the different suckling systems from the 8th week onwards till weaning. Measured hand milk showed no significant differences between the two regimes.Averages of butter fat percentages were 5·63 and 6·69 in the continuous and restricted systems respectively. The total percentage suckled milk, regardless of suckling regime, was 36·7 ± 1·99; averages were 41·6 ± 0·89 and 31·7 ± 3·52 in the continuous and restricted systems respectively.The averages of commercial milk production from the 9th week after lambing until the end of lactation were 45·9 and 61·7 kg in the continuous and restricted systems respectively (P < 0·01). Averages of butter fat quantities in the commercial milk yield were 3·25 and 5·03 kg in the continuous and restricted systems respectively (P < 0·01).The weights of lambs in the two suckling regimes started to differ significantly from the 14th to the 46th week of age; lambs reared under the continuous system were 4 kg heavier at the yearling age than those of the restricted system.It might be worth considering weaning and selling extra lambs at 3 months of age to make full use of the high growth rate encountered in this period. The breeder could also obtain 11·4 kg more milk from ewes from 9 to 17 weeks after lambing in the restricted system than those in the continuous one. It might be advisable to use the restricted system and wean the lambs at 12 weeks of age; the excess milk obtained will outweigh the extra gain in body weight of 1·52 kg encountered in the continuous system.

A note on correlations between milk production and milk composition of sows and the growth and haemoglobin of their pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Veum ◽  
W. G. Pond ◽  
L. D. Van Vleck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Positive Correlations

Total milk yield of sows is positively correlated with litter size (Bonsma and Oosthuizen, 1935; Wells, Beeson and Brady, 1940; Smith, 1952; Allen and Lasley, 1960) even though the amount of milk obtained by each pig decreases with increasing litter size. Positive correlations between sow milk yield and the creep feed consumption of her litter and between weaning weight and milk production have been reported by Bonsma and Oosthuizen (1935), and by Allen and Lasley (1960). Braude (1964) has comprehensively reviewed the literature on the associations between litter size, birth weight and weaning weight. Ward, Rempel and Enfield (1964) reported a positive correlation between weaning weight and post-weaning growth rate in swine.

scholarly journals Factors affecting first lactation performance of Sahiwal cattle in Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. U. Rehman ◽  
M. S. Sajjad Khan ◽  
S. A. Bhatti ◽  
J. Iqbal ◽  
A. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Performance Traits

Abstract. To study the environmental and genetic factors affecting productive and reproductive traits, data on 5,897 cows from five main recorded herds (for 1964–2004) of Sahiwal cattle in Pakistan were used. A general linear model was applied on the data. The 305-day milk yield, total milk yield, lactation length, age at first calving, dry period, calving interval and service period averaged 1,393 ± 12 kg, 1,429 ± 11 kg, 235 ± 2, 1,390 ± 4, 244 ± 3, 464 ± 3 and 1,78 ± 3 days, respectively. The age at first calving was effected by herd, year and season of birth. The 305-day and total milk yields were affected by herd, year, season of calving, age at first calving, service period and lactation length while all other first lactation traits were affected by herd, year, season of calving and 305-day milk yield. Animal model heritability estimates for these traits were 0.11 ± 0.029, 0.11 ± 0.028, 0.09 ± 0.027, 0.02 ± 0.019, 0.05 ± 0.019, 0.12 ± 0.027 and 0.04 ± 0.020, respectively. Rate of decline in first lactation milk yield was 7 l per year over the last 35 years with genetic trend close to zero. Lactation length and service period decreased and age at first calving increased by 2, 1 and 6 days per year, respectively. Herd differences for most of the traits were significant. Improved feeding and management may improve performance traits of Sahiwal cattle. Accurate recording of pedigrees and performance traits would help improve genetic param

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