Comparison of the effects of potassium fertilizer on the yield, potassium content and quality of 22 different vegetable and agricultural crops

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Greenwood ◽  
T. J. Cleaver ◽  
Mary K. Turner ◽  
J. Hunt ◽  
K. B. Niendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Relation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYSixty-one experiments with 15 levels of K fertilizer in the presence of excess N and P fertilizer were carried out on adjacent sites of the same field. Yield was always related to level of K fertilizer by a ‘diminishing returns’ type curve, and a derived equation, which defined relative responsiveness in terms of a single parameter, fitted the data for each crop very satisfactorily. Although the responsiveness of many of the crops was similar there were marked differences and the optimum levels of K (defined as the level at which a further 10 kg/ha increased yield by 1%) varied from 0 to 360 kg/ha, depending on the crop. Responsiveness was largely independent of the plant family to which the crop belonged, but was related to the mean plant weight atharvest; the larger the weight the less reponsive the crop. No general relation existed between responsiveness and duration of growth.The % K in the dry matter of leaves (including stems) at harvest of crops receiving the optimum levels of K fertilizer was mainly determined by the family. It was generally between 0·9 and 1·1 for the Amaryllidaceae, between 1·1 and 1·2 for the Leguminosae and between 1·9 and 2·5% for the Cruciferae. The difference between the % K in the dry matter with the optimum level of K fertilizer and that with no fertilizer was proportional to responsiveness. Percentage K at harvest was a good indicator of the extent to which crop growth was restricted by lack of potassium.At harvest crops receiving the optimum levels of K fertilizer contained between 29 and 220 kg/ha of K, but uptake increased asymptotically to a maximum as K applications were raised to higher levels. Maximum uptake for nearly all crops was almost double the uptake with the optimum fertilizer application.Percentage recovery of 100 kg/ha of added K fertilizer varied between 8 and 70%, roughly in proportion to the total crop dry weight, which varied between 1 and 15 t/ha.Effects of level of K fertilizer on crop quality were also measured and over the practical range of applications the effects were generally small.The differences between the K requirements of crops are discussed and it is argued that the responsiveness of one crop relative to that of another would be expected to be similar on a range of soils.

Comparison of the effects of phosphate fertilizer on the yield, phosphate content and quality of 22 different vegetable and agricultural crops

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Greenwood ◽  
T. J. Cleaver ◽  
Mary K. Turner ◽  
J. Hunt ◽  
K. B. Niendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight

SUMMARYFifty-six experiments, each with 15 levels of P fertilizer in the presence of excess N and K fertilizer, were carried out on adjacent sites of the same field where the soil was maintained at the same low P status. Yields, in every experiment where there was a response, were related to level of P fertilizer by a diminishing-retums type curve, and fitted an inverse polynomial equation with a single parameter to define responsiveness. Responsiveness of many crops were similar but there were, nevertheless, considerable inter-crop differences.Applications of P fertilizer increased the % P in the dry matter of lettuce and spinach as well as yields. They increased the % P in the Cruciferae and Chenopodiaceae without appreciably affecting yield. Conversely, theyhad little effect on the % P of leeks, onions, broad beans and French beans but increased yields.When the optimum levels of P fertilizer were applied, % P (in the entire plant) of the different crops was negatively correlated with total dry weight per unit area and total uptake of P was related by a single curved relationship to total dry weight. In addition, the difference between the % P in the foliage and in the storage roots of the various root crops was asymptotically related to mean plant weight.Percentage recovery of added P (100 kg/ha) by the different crops was largely determined by the total weight of dry matter. It varied from 1% when crop dry weight was 2 t/ha to 12% when it was 15 t/ha.Applications of phosphate suppressed leaf scorch of spinach. On occasion they alleviated stem rot in summer cabbage and influenced the bolting of onions and the number of defective Brussels sprouts. Otherwise, the effects on quality were small.

scholarly journals Penentuan Dosis Optimum Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Tanaman Kacang Bogor [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt]

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Dwi Ayu Dwi Lestari ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Heni Purnamawati
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Content ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf P

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Bambara groundnut is considered tolerant to drought and unfertile soil; therefore, has higher potential to be cultivated. The average yield of dry pod weight from agricultural fields in Indonesia is still low (&lt; 4 ton ha-1); hence, the cultivation technique must be improved. Fertilizer is the main input to increase yield of Bambara groundnut, but the optimum rates of N, P, and K have not been determined. Therefore, the objectives of the research were to determine the optimum rate of N, P, and K fertilizer for Bambara groundnut production. Three parallel experiments were conducted at Cikarawang Experimental State, Dramaga, Bogor from March to July 2013. Each experiment tested different rates of N or P or K fertilizer with compeletely randomized block design and three replications. The fertilizer rates were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of recommendation rate (100% N = 100 kg Urea ha-1, 100% P = 150 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100% K = 75 kg KCl ha-1). The results showed that leaf P content increased linearly with N fertilizer application. Leaf N content linearly decreased with P fertilizer application. Leaf P content and shoot dry weight quadratically increased with K fertilizer application. The optimum rates of N and P fertilizer was unable to be determined due to insignificant response of several variables. Optimum rate of K fertilizer ranged 86.4-118.95 kg KCl ha-1.</p><p>Keywords: leaf nutrients, multi nutrient response, recommendation rate</p>

scholarly journals Potassium Fertilizer Effects of Potato Yield and Petiole Sap Potassium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 592e-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Rosen ◽  
Wenshan Wang ◽  
David Birong
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Petiole Sap

A 2-year field study was conducted on a low- to medium-K testing sandy soil 1) to evaluate the effects of various K management strategies on potato (cv. Russet Burbank) yield and quality and 2) to calibrate a petiole sap test for determining plant K status. Treatments included banded applications of potassium chloride fertilizer at planting with K ranging from 0 to 300 kg·ha–1 in 75 kg·ha–1 increments. Comparisons of preplant broadcast + banded applications and evaluation of in-season applications of potassium nitrate also were made. In both years, tuber yield increased with increasing banded K fertilizer up to 150 kg ha-1 K the first year and 225 kg ha-1 K the second year. In-season applications of potassium nitrate increased tissue K levels, but at equivalent K application rates, timing of K application had no effect on yield. Petiole K concentrations, measured on a dry weight and sap basis, increased with increasing K fertilizer application. Potassium concentrations in nondiluted sap determined with the Cardy K electrode were ≈200 to 2500 ppm lower than those determined by flame emission. The greatest discrepancy occurred at the higher K sap concentrations. Potassium concentrations determined with the Cardy electrode in sap diluted with aluminum sulfate or deionized water were much closer to those determined by flame emission. These results suggest that dilution of the sap is necessary to obtain accurate K concentrations in petiole sap.

scholarly journals Effect of Preplant Irrigation, Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Timing, and Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob T. Bushong ◽  
D. Brian Arnall ◽  
William R. Raun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizer

Preplant irrigation can impact fertilizer management in winter wheat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main and interactive effects of preplant irrigation, N fertilizer application timing, and different N, P, and K fertilizer treatments on grain yield and WUE. Several significant two-way interactions and main effects of all three factors evaluated were observed over four growing seasons for grain yield and WUE. These effects could be described by differences in rainfall and soil moisture content among years. Overall, grain yield and WUE were optimized, if irrigation or adequate soil moisture were available prior to planting. For rain-fed treatments, the timing of N fertilizer application was not as important and could be applied before planting or topdressed without much difference in yield. The application of P fertilizer proved to be beneficial on average years but was not needed in years where above average soil moisture was present. There was no added benefit to applying K fertilizer. In conclusion, N and P fertilizer management practices may need to be altered yearly based on changes in soil moisture from irrigation and/or rainfall.

scholarly journals Loss of Putting Greens-grade Fertilizer Granules Due to Mowing

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Mancino ◽  
Dianne Petrunak ◽  
Douglas Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
The Difference

The loss of fertilizer granules collected in turf clippings during routine putting green mowing has not been determined. The objective of this study was to quantify the amounts of greens-grade granular potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers collected during the routine mowing of a `Pennlinks' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting green. In the first study, five K-containing granular fertilizers were applied at K rates of 2.43 and 4.86 g·m-2. A second study was also performed with six granular Ncontaining fertilizers and one liquid N fertilizer applied at an N rate of 4.86 g·m-2. Both studies were performed twice. Irrigation (6.4 mm) was applied immediately after each fertilizer application and again on the following day. These two irrigations, plus additional irrigation and rain, resulted in each study receiving about 2.54 cm of water over each nineday study period. Mowing and clipping collection using a walk-behind greens mower set to cut at 3.96 mm began two days after treatment (2 DAT) and continued until 9 DAT. The clippings were oven-dried and separated from the fertilizer using a small pneumatic seed cleaner. Collected fertilizer was weighed and expressed as a percentage of the fertilizer applied. Liquid N fertilizer loss was estimated to be the difference between clipping N content of treated plots and untreated controls. Total K fertilizer loss was: UHS Signature 15-0-30 (15.3% to 22.9%) > Lebanon Isotek 11-3-22 (8.7% to 10.7%) > Scott's Contec 13-2-26 (4.9% to 7.4%) > Lesco Matrix 12-0-22 (0.1% to 0.4%) = Lesco Matrix 5-0-28 (0.1% to 0.5%). Signature was the only fertilizer significantly affected by rate and a greater percentage of loss occurred at the lower K application rate. Most loss occurred during the first and second mowing events with small amounts of fertilizer found in clippings from later mowings. The two Lesco materials were not found in clippings after the first mowing. Nitrogen fertilizer granule loss was also greatest with the first and second mowings. Total percentage of losses were IBDU 31-0-0 (75.4%) > Polyon 41-0-0 (70.8%)> Milorganite 6-2-0 (55.7%) > Nutralene 40-0-0 (47.0%) > UHS Signature (19.3%) > Isotek 11-3-22 (9.5%) > N-Sure Pro 30-0-0 (1.9%). In both studies, fertilizer loss appeared to be most related to water-solubility of the fertilizer, but size and density might also be factors.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Garut (Maranta Arundinacea) Terhadap Pembumbunan dan Pemupukan Kalium

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Fitria ◽  
Supriyono Supriyono ◽  
Sudadi Sudadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Length Data

<p>This research aims to determine the arrowroot responses on piling and potassium fertilizer application on its growth and yield. This research was conducted in Experiment Field of Agriculture Faculty SebelasMaret University at Sukosari, Jumantono, Karanganyar using Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) factorial with two factors of piling and potassium fertilization.There are 2 levels of piling, consists of without piling treatment (P0) and with in piling (P1).There are 3 levels of potassium fertilization consist of  250 kg ha-1 KCl, 300 kg ha-1 KCl, and 350 kg ha-1 KCl. Observation variable consist of plant height, leaf number, tiller number, biomass fresh weight per plant, biomass dry weight per plant, tuber numbers per plant, tuber weights per plant, tuber weights per plot, tuber diameter, and tuber length. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if there is significant difference, continue with DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) of 5% level. The result showed that treatment with in piling (P1) can tends to increase yield of arrowroot plant on tuber numbers per plant, tuber weights per plant, and tuber weights per plot. Potassium fertilizer treatment with  350 kg ha-1 dose KCl tends to increase at growth and yield in all variables except the tiller numbers.</p>

THE EFFECT OF INGESTED CHLORTETRACYCLINE ON SOME HYDROLASES AND ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN GROWING PIGS: II. PANCREAS–DRY WEIGHT, FAT CONTENT, PROTEASE, AND AMYLASE ACTIVITY

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Vonk ◽  
L. W. McElroy ◽  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pancreatic Protease ◽  
The Difference

Results of experiments to investigate the effect of dietary chlortetracycline on pancreas dry weight and on the crude fat content and hydrolase activity of the gland are presented. Chlortetracycline fed at a level of 20 g. per ton of feed caused an increase in rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization by pigs between the ages of 9 and 17 weeks. An effect on the pancreas was indicated by significant increases in: (a) dry weight, (b) total protease and amylase activity, and (c) amylase activity per gram dry matter of the glands from animals receiving the supplemented ration. The difference remained significant after adjustment for body weight by covariance in the case of amylase activity but not for dry weight or protease activity, indicating that the effect of chlortetracycline on amylase activity was more pronounced than that on rate of gain of pigs, pancreas dry weight, or pancreatic protease activity. No significant difference in the crude fat content of the pancreas attributable to the inclusion of chlortetracycline in the ration was observed.

Pengaruh Pemberian dosis Pupuk P dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Varietas Bima

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Irwansyah Ardianto Sinaga ◽  
Mahdaena Mahdalena ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Training Center ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The Effect of Dosage of P and K Fertilizer on Growth and Production of Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Bima Varieties. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of P and K fertilizer application and the interaction of the two treatments on the growth and production of shallot plant. The study was conducted for 3 months, ie from July to October 2016. The research site on land owned by UPTB Samarinda Agriculture Training Center East Kalimantan Province. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD)  with a 3 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of 4 replications. The first factor is fertilizer fertilizer P which consists of 3 levels: namely p0 (without fertilization), p1 (fertilization 1 gr / plant), p2 (Fertilization 1.5 g / plant). The second factor is the dosage of K fertilizer consisting of 4 levels ie k0 (without fertilization) k1 (0.5 g / plant) k2 (1 g / plant) and k3 (1.5 g / plant). The result of this research showed that the treatment of P (P) fertilizer had significant effect on plant height 2 and 3 MST, wet bulb weight and dry bulb weight and no significant effect on plant height of 4 MST, number of leaves, and number of tillers. While the application of K (K) fertilizer had significant effect on plant height and leaf number at age 2 MST and no significant effect on height and number of leaf aged 3 and 4 MST, number of tiller, wet bulb weight and dry bulb weight. There was no interaction between P and K fertilizer application.

Effects of sowing date, plant density and year on growth and yield of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. bullata subvar. gemmifera)

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Abuzeid ◽  
S. J. Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Late Sowing

SummaryIn field experiments in 1983–85 in Northumberland, UK, early sowings achieved a leaf area index (LAI) of 3·5, capable of intercepting 90–95% total incident solar radiation, earlier than late sowings. As there was a close relationship between total dry weight, bud dry weight and amount of intercepted solar radiation, early sowings invariably outyielded later ones. The efficiency of energy conversion of radiation was 1·28, 2·05 and 2·11 g/MJ for total dry weight and 0·97, 0·83 and 0·67 g/MJ for bud dry weight in 1983, 1984 and 1985, respectively. Harvest index ranged from ca. 25% in 1985 to 40% in 1984.Increasing plant density from 2·22 to 6·66 plants/m2 advanced and increased maximum LAI and total and bud dry weight per m2 but had an adverse effect on distribution of dry matter. Maximum total dry weights were achieved at or slightly after maximum LAI. The onset of rapid bud growth coincided with maximum total standing dry weight and was advanced by early sowing but largely unaffected by plant density.Early-sown crops produced more buds than late-sown ones because of a longer growing season. Plant density had a large effect on the number of buds per m2, which was almost directly proportional as the number of buds per plant was not severely affected. However, individual bud size was restricted as a result of competition for assimilates. Approximately 80% of buds finally recorded had been produced before significant bud growth had occurred.Total bud fresh yields averaged over all sowing dates reached 17 t/ha in 1983 and 31 t/ha in 1984. The lower yield in 1983 was the result of late sowing caused by unfavourable weather. Early sowings significantly outyielded late ones because of earlier onset of rapid bud growth which gave a longer growing period. The effect of plant density on total sprout yield was less pronounced than that of sowing date but effects on yield per plant were large.Yields of buds in the freezing grade (20–30 mm) increased rapidly between late September and early to mid-November in both 1983 and 1984 and reached 7·5 and 8·8 t/ha, respectively. The difference between freezing-grade yields in the two years (1·3 t/ha) was much less than the difference between total yields (14 t/ha). Late sowing in 1983 restricted bud growth resulting in a higher proportion in the freezing grade. Plant density had a greater effect on freezing-grade yield than on total yield. Low planting densities gave high yields of small buds at early harvests but denser planting gave higher yields at later harvests. Generally, increases in bud fresh weight over the harvest period were greater than those in bud dry weight because of water uptake. The average dry matter content of buds declined by 2–5 % from October to January.The experiments confirmed that manipulation of sowing date and planting density is an effective way of spreading harvest date throughout the season in order to achieve an orderly sequence of crops for the fresh market and for processing.

scholarly journals Örtü Altı Organik Domates Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Gübre Uygulamalarının Bitki Yeşil Aksamı ve Meyve Verimine Etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ulusu ◽  
Elif Yavuzaslanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Combination

Greenhouse tomato production is in the first place in Turkey, 34% of total tomato production (3.614.472 tonnes) is under greenhouse conditions. The increase in yield in Turkey is due to the spread of undergrowth cultivation besides the use of qualified varieties and seeds. Synthetic fertilizers can’t be used to obtain economic efficiency in underground organic tomato growing Therefore, the application of alternative fertilizers (barn stubble, green manure, organic fertilizer, vermicompost etc.) needs to be improved. For this purpose, effect of the eight different fertilizer combination including organic and worm liquid fertilizer, humic acid and mycorrhizae applications on tomato plant and fruit yield were investigated in the study. Negative check without any fertilizer application growing and a positive check; a synthetic liquid fertilizer application was included. Experiment was set up according to completely randomised block design with 3 replications under greenhouse conditions. Tomato fruit length, diameter and weight was determined as fruit yield and fresh and dry weight as plant yield. There was not any statistical difference among fertilizer applications for fruit and plant yield. However, the highest tomato fruit yield was obtained in the treatments of organic (7.17 kg/ plot) and worm fertilizers (4,80 kg/ plot) in combination with mycorrhizae. The results were similar for fruit diameter and length. Plant fresh and dry weight was between 2.01 to 5.92 and 0.368 to 1.153 kg, respectively. The highest plant weight was belong to mycorrhizae and organic fertilizer application.

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