The effect of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of pasture cut for silage

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. A. Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Clover Content

SUMMARYPhysiological problems in some Fife dairy herds were thought to be associated with mineral imbalance in grass cut for silage. Consequently trials at two sites were conducted to study the effects of three levels of nitrogen and phosphorus and two levels of potassium on yield and composition of pasture cut for silage.Nitrogen increased yield of herbage and reduced its clover content whereas phosphorus and potassium had little effect on yield or clover content. Herbage clover content and calcium concentration declined over the period of the experiment. Mean concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were 5·8, 1·7 and 3·4 g/kg respectively. Concentrations of these minerals varied more with time of cutting and with season than with level of applied phosphorus and potassium.Nitrogen tended to reduce calcium concentration in mixed herbage and to increase magnesium concentration in the grass component; it did not affect herbage phosphorus concentrations, but narrowed the calcium-phosphorus ratio in the second cuts. Applied phosphorus increased herbage phosphorus concentration only at the site with the lower soil phosphorus status. Potassium tended to reduce magnesium concentration in clover and, at one site, in mixed herbage; it also tended to reduce herbage phosphorus concentrations in second cuts.Mineral uptake was increased by applied nitrogen. Mean annual uptake of calcium magnesium and phosphorus was 34, 10 and 20 kg/ha respectively.The effects of treatments on concentration and balance of these minerals are discussed in relation to ruminant requirements and maintenance of suitable levels of the minerals in the soil.It is concluded that normal applications of NPK fertilizer are not detrimental to satisfactory mineral balance in pasture.

scholarly journals Concentration of minerals in the hoof horny capsule of healthy and lame dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Amaral Barbosa ◽  
Gabriela Bueno Luz ◽  
Viviane Rohrig Rabassa ◽  
Marcio Nunes Corrêa ◽  
Charles Ferreira Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Hoof Lesions ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral concentrations in the hoof horny capsule of healthy Holstein cows and cows with hoof problems associated with laminitis. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows with an average production of 24 L of milk/day, reared with semi-extensive nutritional management, were studied. The animals were evaluated and divided into two groups based on their locomotion score (LS, range: 0 to 4). LS greater than 2 indicated laminitis-associated lesions (lame cow group: LC), and LS = 0 indicated cows without laminitis (CWL). A sample of 30 mm2 was collected from the hoof horny capsule at the abaxial wall to evaluate the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and magnesium. Calcium blood concentration was also evaluated. The LC group had lower magnesium concentration (P=0.008) and showed a trend (P=0.06) for lower calcium concentration compared to healthy animals (CWL), even though all animals were normocalcemic. The concentration of other minerals did not differ between the LC and CWL group. In conclusion, the magnesium concentration in the hoof horny capsule was lower in cows with lesions associated with laminitis, while phosphorus and zinc concentrations were not affected. The relationship between hoof lesions and calcium concentration requires further investigation.

Extracellular Calcium, Magnesium, and Sodium Ion Competition in the Conductance Control of the Photosensory Membrane of Limulus Ventral Nerve Photoreceptor

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stieve ◽  
M. Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Extracellular Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Extracellular Sodium ◽  
Ventral Nerve Photoreceptor

Abstract The membrane potential in the dark and the saturated response height of the ventral nerve photoreceptor of Limulus was measured by an intracellular electrode while the external concentration of calcium, magnesium and sodium ions was varied. Decreasing the extracellular calcium concentration from 10-2 mol/l causes a calcium-dependent lowering of the dark membrane potential and at very low concentrations (<10-8 mol/l a reversal to ca. +5 to +11 mV, if the external magnesium concentration is also low. Also, the light response diminishes with decreasing extracellular calcium concentration and disappears at a concentration of 10-9 mol/l. External magnesium can substitute for certain properties of extracellular calcium. Lowering the extracellular sodium concentration from 543 mmol/l to 30 - 50 mmol/1 reduces the dark membrane potential and the light responses at normal calcium concentration, whereas at low calcium concentration it causes a substantial rise of both. Interpretation: The results are in accordance with our working hypothesis that a strong reduction of the external calcium (and magnesium) concentration causes a calcium concentration dependent opening of “ light channels” in the dark. Additional lowering the extracellular sodium concentration counteracts this effect; opening and closing of light channels is controlled by negative binding sites on the cell membrane for which calcium and sodium ions compete with an antagonistic action.

Effect of sowing date on the uptake and utilisation of phosphorus by wheat (cv. Osprey) grown in central New South Wales

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Batten ◽  
N. A. Fettell ◽  
J. A. Mead ◽  
M. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
A Site

Experiments were sown at Cowra and Condobolin to determine the effect of sowing time (April–June) on the response to and utilisation of phosphorus by the wheat cultivar Osprey which requires vernalisation. Crops sown in April needed only 0–2 kg/ha of applied phosphorus to achieve 90% of the maximum yield for the site. This contrasts with crops sown at the traditional sowing time in May–June which needed from 11.5 kg P/ha, on a site with a moderate soil phosphorus status, to 36 kg P/ha, on a site with a very low soil phosphorus status, to produce 90% of the site maximum yield. Crops sown in April had higher yields and even without applied phosphorus accumulated more phosphorus (kg/ha) than crops sown in June with 40 kg P/ha. Crops sown in April had a lower dry matter harvest index, a lower phosphorus harvest index, produced less grain per kilogram of phosphorus in the shoots at maturity, and had a higher grain phosphorus concentration than crops sown in June. Grain protein was not affected by sowing date or the amount of phosphorus applied at sowing. At 90% of maximum dry matter yield shoots had 0.14–0.20% phosphorus at growth stage 30. The critical concentration of phosphorus in grain at 90% maximum grain yield increased with yield from 0.19 to 0.25% phosphorus. Farmers who sow wheat in April can achieve optimum yields with lower inputs of fertiliser phosphorus. However, this benefit will be offset by a lower phosphorus-use efficiency and more rapid depletion of phosphorus reserves from the soil.

Using soil and plant analyses in decisions about fertilisers: a farmer’s perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Potassium Application ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Summary. This paper describes the part played by soil and plant analysis in decisions about fertilisers used on a mixed pastoral and cropping farm at Scone, in the Northern Midlands of Tasmania. Measurements of phosphorus and potassium concentrations in soils provide an essential framework for choosing fertilisers for crops and pastures. Use of lime with certain crops is determined by pH measurements. Neither soil nor plant analysis are used in choosing nitrogenous fertilisers. Fifteen paddocks were tested 7–8 years after initial soil tests (Colwell extracts). Phosphorus concentrations (mean ± s.e.) had risen by 13 ± 5 µg/g (P<0.05) and potassium by 89 ± 19 µg/g (P<0.001). In addition, the relationship between changes in these concentrations and the total phosphorus or potassium applied to individual paddocks was examined. Phosphorus concentration rose (P<0.001) by 5.9 µg/g for each 10 kg/ha additional phosphorus applied over the 7–8 years. Application of phosphorus at 7 kg/ha annually was enough to maintain soil phosphorus levels. No such relationship was detected for potassium. Application of lime at 4 t/ha raised the pH by about 1 unit. These results provide some reassurance about the behaviour of soils on Scone in response to the practices used in commercial mixed farming. The importance for the farmer of analyses being reliable is stressed, as is the need for well-based interpretation of the analytical results in order that the yield responses to fertilisers can be foreseen. Evidence about the financial returns produced by the increased yields is often lacking, especially for grazing enterprises.

scholarly journals Macro-Elements Composition of Cystic and Follicular Fluid in the Ovaries and their Relationship to Peripheral Blood Concentration in Sows / Odnos Sastava Makroelemenata Folikularne I Cistične Tečnosti Jajnika I Njihove Koncentracije U Perifernoj Krvi Krmača

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Stankiewicz ◽  
Barbara Błaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cystic Fluid ◽  
Macro Elements ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Abstract The aim of this work is the comparison of sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentration in pre-ovulatory follicles and follicular cysts and their concentration in the serum of sows. The research was conducted on sows (Polish Large White x Polish Landrace crossbred). Sodium concentration in cystic fluid was higher than in the follicular fluid (P<0.05). Sodium concentration in the serum of cysts-bearing sows was higher than in non-cysts-bearing sows (P<0.01). Differences were also observed between cysts and serum of cysts-bearing sows (P<0.01), as well as follicles and serum of non-cysts-bearing sows (P<0.01). Calcium concentration in the serum of non-cystsbearing sows was higher than in the case of cysts-bearing sows (P<0.01). Differences were also between calcium concentration in the cysts and its concentration in the serum of cysts-bearing sows (P<0.05). Magnesium concentration in the serum of cysts-bearing sows was lower than in non-cysts-bearing sows (P<0.01). Differences in magnesium concentration were also between cysts and serum of cysts-bearing sows (P<0.01), as well as between follicles and serum of non-cysts-bearing sows (P<0.05). Phosphorus concentration in the cysts was lower than in the follicles (P<0.05). It was also lower in the serum of non-cysts-bearing sows than in the follicles (P<0.05). The concentration of sodium, magnesium and phosphorus in the serum was positively correlated with the concentration of the mentioned macro-elements in ovarian structures (r = 0.66, P<0.01; r = 0.49, and r = 0.48, P<0.05, respectively). A negative correlation was found between the concentration of serum calcium and the ovarian structures (r = -0.47, P<0.05). The differences in the concentrations of macro-elements suggest that the ionic composition may be one of the factors associated with the processes occurring in the ovarian structures of pigs.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY HYPERCALCAEMIA SEEN AFTER NEPHRECTOMY IN RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
F. Schønau Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Acidosis ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Early Rise

ABSTRACT The concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum was studied for 24 hours after nephrectomy in rats. An initial rise in calcium and magnesium concentration was seen whereas the phosphate concentration continued to rise. The early rise in serum calcium concentration was independent of the adrenal glands but the values after 24 hours showed subnormal serum calcium concentration in rats with intact adrenals and hypercalcaemia in rats in which the nephrectomy was done together with adrenalectomy. Acetazolamide abolished the initial hypercalcaemia seen after nephrectomy without affecting the concentration of magnesium and phosphate. A rise in the serum calcium concentration after nephrectomy was also seen in parathyroidectomized and thyro-parathyroidectomized rats. The results suggest that the initial rise in serum calcium concentration following nephrectomy is partly due to an increased parathyroid hormone activity and partly to an increased bone resorption probably induced by intracellular acidosis.

Peri-parturient metabolic profile in Murrah buffaloes with cervico-vaginal prolapse

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Sharma ◽  
V. K. Bhatt ◽  
S. K. Jain ◽  
S. N. Shukla ◽  
M. K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Vaginal Prolapse ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Profile of blood glucose, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was studied during peri -parturient period <italic>i.e.</italic> on day 10 antepartum/ day of prolapse, day of parturition and day 10 postpartum in 12 normal pregnant buffaloes and 12 buffaloes with antepartum cervico vaginal prolapse during the last month of gestation. The blood glucose, serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration (mg/dl) in normal pregnant buffaloes were 62.13±1.01, 8.75±0.2, 6.04±0.12 and 1.7±0.10 on day 10 antepartum, 57.39±1.13, 8.30±0.25, 5.59±0.16 and 1.95±0.09 on day of parturition and 59.69±1.22, 6.69±0.23, 4.89±0.07 and 2.08±0.14 at day 10 postpartum respectively, where as, the corresponding values in buffaloes with antepartum cervicovaginal prolapse were 53.66±1.39, 3.99±0.11, 2.88±0.08 and 2.7±0.1 on the day of prolapse; 52.15±1.03, 6.77±0.29, 4.72±0.12 and 2.12±0.08 on the day of parturition; 57.63±1.28, 5.40±0.22, 4.29±0.14 and 1.89±0.14 on day 10 postpartum. The blood glucose, calcium and phosphorus concentration was significantly lower (p< 0.05) in buffaloes with antepartum cervico -vaginal prolapse as compared to normal pregnant buffaloes whereas, on day 10 antepartum/ day of prolapse the serum magnesium concentration was significantly higher in buffaloes with antepartum prolapse as compared to normal pregnant buffaloes.

scholarly journals Mineral profile of crossbred F 1 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows during the transition period in summer and winter

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020
Author(s):  
T.F. Moreira ◽  
E.J. Facury Filho ◽  
A.L.B.S.A. Costa ◽  
R.M. Meneses ◽  
F.P. Casagrande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The transition period is often a great challenge for dairy cows and mineral imbalances are frequent. With the aim to better understand the mineral profile of F1 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows and their performances under the different conditions of summer and winter, we collected blood samples to measure calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Samplings were performed during summer and winter, on 15 and 13 pluriparous F1 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows, respectively. Blood sampling started 4 weeks prior to the expected calving date until 30 days postpartum. The mean concentrations of all three minerals had a different pattern during the transition period in each season, representing the interaction time x season. Calcium concentration was lower in winter and more animals suffered from subclinical hypocalcemia (100%) then in summer (38.46%). Magnesium concentration was also lower in winter and 46.67% of animals had hypomagnesemia, contributing for the higher hypocalcemia frequency observed in the same season. A high proportion of animals had hyperphosphatemia what can represent an environmental problem and more attention should be given to it. The high frequency of animals with subclinical hypocalcemia is alarming once that can lead to greater consequences.

Phosphorus nutrition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on Cockatoo Sands of the Ord River Irrigation Area

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Bell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Yield response of field-grown Virginia Bunch peanuts to a range of soil phosphorus levels, determined using 0.5M NaHCO3 extractant, in the top 10 cm of the soil profile was evaluated on Cockatoo Sands of the Ord River Irrigation Area. Critical levels of soil phosphorus (required to attain 90% of maximum yield recorded in fertilized plots) was 7.3 ppm for pods and 7.9 ppm for kernels. Yield increases obtained with higher soil phosphorus status were due to increased pod number and kernel size. Trends in tissue phosphorus concentration in uppermost fully expanded leaves were monitored during the season, and critical concentrations for 90% of maximum pod yield were derived. The critical concentration (0.30% P, dry-weight basis) did not change with time during the vegetative phase of development, but declined in a linear fashion over time during reproductive development, from 0.27% P at 60 days after emergence to 0.12% P at 100 days after emergence.

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