Nutritional impact of crude glycerine infusion into the rumen of wethers fed a tropical or a temperate forage grass

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1306-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ZENI ◽  
G. V. KOZLOSKI ◽  
M. GINDRI ◽  
S. STEFANELLO ◽  
F. HENTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe current study evaluated the nutritional impact of crude glycerine (CG) supplementation to wethers fed only forage grass. Eight Polwarth wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square. Treatments consisted of no CG (control, CON) or intra-ruminal infusion of CG at daily rates of 0·5, 1·5 or 3·0 ml/kg body weight (BW). In each Latin Square, four animals were fedAvena strigosaand four were fedCynodonsp. hayad libitum. The actual concentration of glycerol in diet was similar for both forage types and varied from 21 to 364 g/kg dry matter. No interactions between forage type and CG treatments were detected and no differences were observed between the CON and 0·5 CG treatment for most variables. Both the organic matter (OM) and the digestible OM intake decreased linearly at increased levels of CG infusion, whereas no treatment effect was observed on OM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility. The duodenal flow of rumen microbial nitrogen (N) was not affected, whereas the duodenal flow of α-amino N decreased linearly at increased levels of CG infusion. In conclusion, CG supplementation at a rate of up to 0·5 ml/kg BW/day did not change the nutrient supply whereas greater amounts of CG supplementation negatively impacted the nutrient supply to wethers fed only grass forage. The forage digestibility, in turn, was not affected by CG supplementation.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

scholarly journals Evaluation of poultry litter on sorghum straw intake and dry matter disappearance using dry cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Álvarez Zapata ◽  
Jorge Combellas Láres
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sorghum Straw

An experiment was carried out to evaluate supplementation of sorghum straw (SS) with poultry litter (PL) in a single offering/day, and minerals and their effects on feed intake, sorghum straw dry matter disappearance (DMD) in nylon bags and rumen liquid ammonia N concentration. A 4x4 latin square design with 17-day periods and four rumen fistulated stalled cows was used to compare four treatments: (0) SS alone, (M) SS + mineral mixture offered ad libitum (P) SS + 1 kg/day of a concentrate with 83.5 % PL and (PM) SS + supplements used in M and P. The concentrate was offered in one meal and rumen N concentration increased to just over 100 mg/L between 1 and 3 h after feeding, decreasing to less than 50 mg/L after 7 h, levels similar to those on treatments without PL. Dry matter disappearance at 72 h and feed intake increased by the addition of concentrate, but not by mineral supplementation. These results show that the effect of supplementation with PL was due mainly to degradable nitrogen and not by the minerals. A single offering/day is not enough to maintain recommended ammonia N concentrations during most of the day.

scholarly journals Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Ala-Seppälä ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

A duplicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a gradually increased level of barley fibre in the diet on ad libitum grass silage intake and milk production. Barley fibre is a fibrous ethanol-starch by-product (120 g crude protein, 550 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 120 g starch/kg dry matter (DM)). The four supplements, given at the rate of 6.5 kg/d on DM basis, were barley (B) and barley of which 333 g/kg (BF), 667 g/kg (FB) and 1000 g/kg (F) were replaced by barley fibre. In addition the cows were given 1 kg of rapeseed meal and 0.25 kg of mineral mixture. As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P

Soaked unmolassed sugar beet pulp as a partial forage replacer in equine diets when ponies are offered grass hay ad libitum

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum

There is increased interest in using sugar beet pulp (SBP) products as forage replacers in equine diets. Previous work (Hyslop et al 1998) has indicated that SBP products may suppress voluntary feed intake (VFI) in ponies when they are the major fibre source at between 550-700 g/kg total diet dry matter (DM). This study examines VFI and apparent digestibility in vivo where soaked unmolassed sugar beet pulp (USBP) was offered as a partial forage replacement to ponies receiving ad libitum grass hay.Four mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (280 kg LW s.e. 6.6) were individually housed and offered 0.86 kg/d of micronised barley (MB) and given ad libitum access to grass hay (HAY). In addition, ponies were offered either 0, 1, 2, or 3 kg/d USBP (U0, U1, U2 and U3 respectively) according to a 4 x 4 latin square changeover experimental design.

Crude glycerine as an alternative energy feedstuff for beef cattle grazing tropical pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. SOCREPPA ◽  
K. A. K. MORAES ◽  
A. S. OLIVEIRA ◽  
E. D. BATISTA ◽  
L. C. A. B. DROSGHIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Four Levels

SUMMARYThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude glycerine (CG, 810·9 g glycerol/kg) replacing dry ground maize on intake, digestibility, microbial nitrogen (N) synthesis and N utilization in grazing beef cattle. Five Nellore bulls (332 ± 29·6 kg initial body weight (BW)) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals grazed five Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) paddocks of approximately 0·32 ha. Five supplements were evaluated: mineral supplementation (control, only ad libitum access to a mineral mixture) and 4 g of protein-energy supplementation/kg of BW with four levels of CG (0, 330, 660 and 1000 g/kg) replacing dry ground maize. Bulls that received protein-energy supplementation had greater organic matter (OM) pasture and digested OM (DOM) intakes than the control. No differences were observed among CG levels with regard to OM pasture, neutral detergent fibre and DOM intakes. However, ether extract intake increased linearly as CG levels increased. Protein-energy supplementation enhanced efficiency of microbial N synthesis, N balance and ammonia concentration, but they were not influenced by the CG levels. In conclusion, partial or total replacement of dry ground maize by CG in protein-energy supplements for grazing beef cattle exerted no changes on pasture intake, digestibility and N utilization. Therefore, the use of CG as an energy source in supplements for grazing cattle can be recommended.

Seasonal changes in intake and digestion of chopped timothy hay (Phleum pratense) by three breeds of sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Iason ◽  
D. A. Sim ◽  
E. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Seasonal Difference ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYThe voluntary food intake (VFI) and apparent digestibility of chopped timothy hay by six Scottish Blackface (BF), Shetland (SH) and Dorset Horn (DH) non-breeding ewes were assessed in summer and winter. In two experiments VFI was higher in summer than in winter but did not differ between the breeds. In Expt 1, the seasonal difference in VFI was greater in BF and SH than in DH ewes and the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen was consistently higher in all three breeds in summer than in winter. The higher digestibility of DM of the hay in summer than in winter was confirmed in Expt 2, in which the whole tract mean retention time (MRT) of the undigested residues was measured using 103ruthenium-phenanthroline as a marker. The MRT was lower in all three breeds in summer than in winter. In a third experiment, following at least 6 months ad libitum feeding on the hay, for all three breeds the contents of DM and liquid in the reticulorumen were smaller in summer, and the liquid fraction formed a greater proportion in summer than in winter. The results contrast with the expectation that intake and digestibility within a given forage type are negatively correlated. Although an increase in digestibility may facilitate a higher VFI in summer (BF and SH) it does not necessarily do so (DH).

scholarly journals PSVII-23 Using low-moisture molasses-based blocks to supplement Ca salts of soybean oil to forage-fed beef cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Giovanna Scatolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This experiment compared plasma fatty acid (FA) profile of forage-fed beef cows receiving a molasses-based supplement enriched with Ca salts of soybean oil [(CSSO); 24.7% of dry matter (DM)] via a self-fed low-moisture block (LMB) or hand-fed granular concentrate daily (CONC). Thirty-six cows were allocated to 1 of 9 drylot pens, which were enrolled in a replicated 3 x 2 Latin square design with 2 periods of 42 d. Pens were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 3 treatments, in a manner that pens did not receive the same treatment in both periods. Cows received hay for ad libitum consumption during the study. Hay intake was recorded daily from d 0 to 42, and LMB intake was recorded from d 14 to 42. The CONC was offered at 0.420 kg/cow daily (DM basis) from d 0 to 13, and then adjusted (d 14 to 42) to match LMB intake. Average LMB intake during the initial 13 d was 0.846 ± 0.107 kg/cow daily (DM basis). Supplement DM intake did not differ (P = 0.39) between LMB and CONC cows from d 14 to 42. No treatments effects were noted (P ≥ 0.40) for hay intake, BCS, and BW. Plasma FA profile did not differ (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments on d 0. From d 14 to 42, plasma concentrations of linoleic acid, ω-6 polyunsaturated FA, and total FA were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CONC and LMB vs. NOSUPP cows. Plasma concentrations of these FA were also greater (P ≤ 0.03) in LMB vs. CONC cows on d 14, but did not differ (P ≥ 0.35) on d 28 and 42. Inclusion of CSSO into LMB resulted in similar incorporation of ω-6 polyunsaturated and total FA in the circulation compared with CONC offered at the same daily rate.

The digestion of barley-based diets by cattle: the effect of feeding of three diets containing different amounts of formaldehyde-treated soybean meal

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
JA Lindsay ◽  
HL Davies ◽  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Microbial N

Six growing cattle, with intestinal fistulae, were fed on barley-based diets to which were added increments of formaldehyde-treated soybean meal; the latter was substituted for whole-grain barley. The digestion of organic matter (OM), �-linked glucose polymer (starch), nitrogen (N) and rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured at a restricted level of intake. The cattle were offered air-dried feed at 3.4 kg per head daily, or approximately ad libitum (i.e. 4.2 kg air-dried feed per head per day). The three diets contained 19.7, 27.8 or 42.9 g nitrogen (N) per kg and were fed in a Latin-square design. When the feed was offered ad libitum there was a significant increase in OM digestibility, from 78% on the lowest N diet to 84% on the highest N diet. Relatively large quantities of starch (140-477 g/day) entered and were apparently digested in the small intestine, especially on the 19.7 g N/kg dry matter (the highest starch diet) on ad libitum feeding. The molar proportions of VFA in rumen liquor largely reflected the amount of starch which was fermented in the rumen. The digestion of nitrogen was characterized by a net gain in flow to the duodenum compared with intake. There was a significant increase in the amount of N apparently digested in the small intestines on the 42.9 g N/kg dry matter diet. The proportion of microbial N at the duodenum declined as more formaldehyde-treated soybean meal was added to the diet. Compared with that of the lowest N diet, the amount of amino acids entering and being apparently digested in the small intestines doubled in the highest N diet, and the concentrations of plasma-free amino acids reflected this. The feed intake comparison indicated that differences in interpretations of digestion studies were likely if animals were fed solely at restricted intakes. The main discrepancies were in OM digestibility, starch digestion in the small intestine, the proportion of microbial N flow at the duodenum and in the estimation of amino acid absorption and requirement.

Complete diets given ad libitum to dairy cows: the effect of straw content and of cubing the diet

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Owen ◽  
E. L. Miller ◽  
P. S. Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Degree

SummaryTwelve Friesian cows were given six complete diets ad libitum in an experiment designed as a double 6 × 6 Latin Square balanoed for residual effects. The main energy components of the diets were rolled barley and 20, 35 or 50% chopped barley straw. The diets were given either as a loose mix or extruded through a fin. die. Dry-matter intake, milk yield and solids not fat % declined while butter fat % increased progressively with increased levels of straw in the complete diets which were fed in the loose form. In comparison with the loose diet containing 20% straw, the corresponding cubed diet was associated with a depression in dry matter intake and a decreased butterfat %. In contrast, the oubed diets containing 35 and 50% straw supported higher dry-matter intakes, higher solids oorrected milk yield but lower butter fat % than the corresponding loose diets. The effect of cubing the 35 and 50% straw diets was to make the voluntary dry-matter intakes and lactational performances comparable to those obtained with the loose mixes containing 20 and 35% straw respectively. In general the voluntary intake data agrees with a previously proposed model. However, the depressed intake obtained with the 20% straw diet in the cubed form would not have been predicted by the model. It is suggested that complete diets could be used in large units to combine the low labour costs of self feeding of dry feed with a high degree of control over nutrient intake and laotational performance.

Development of the mobile bag technique to study the degradation dynamics of forage feed constituents in the whole digestive tract of equids

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Single Time Point ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

The mobile bag technique (MBT) has recently been used to provide single time point estimates of feed digestibility in both the small intestine (Macheboeuf et al 1996) and the whole tract of equids (Hyslop and Cuddeford 1996). This experiment develops the use of the MBT as a method to study the dynamics of the digestive process over time in the whole tract of ponies.Three mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (270 kg LW) were offered ad libitum threshed grass hay plus minerals. Two sizes of mobile bag (6 x 1 cm Ø - large & 4 x 1 cm Ø - small) made from monofilament polyester with a 41 μrn pore size containing either 200 or 130 mg of feed respectively were used. Bags containing either dehydrated alfalfa (DHA), threshed grass hay (THAY), dehydrated grass (DHG) or grass hay (HAY) were introduced directly into the stomach via a naso-gastric tube in batches of 22 (14 large and 8 small). Batches of bags were administered twice daily on days 1, 2, 8 and 9 of a 14 day period according to an incomplete latin square experimental design giving a total of 44 bags per feed in each pony. On recovery in the faeces, dry matter (DM) disappearances were calculated for each bag.

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