Crude glycerine as an alternative energy feedstuff for beef cattle grazing tropical pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. SOCREPPA ◽  
K. A. K. MORAES ◽  
A. S. OLIVEIRA ◽  
E. D. BATISTA ◽  
L. C. A. B. DROSGHIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Four Levels

SUMMARYThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude glycerine (CG, 810·9 g glycerol/kg) replacing dry ground maize on intake, digestibility, microbial nitrogen (N) synthesis and N utilization in grazing beef cattle. Five Nellore bulls (332 ± 29·6 kg initial body weight (BW)) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals grazed five Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) paddocks of approximately 0·32 ha. Five supplements were evaluated: mineral supplementation (control, only ad libitum access to a mineral mixture) and 4 g of protein-energy supplementation/kg of BW with four levels of CG (0, 330, 660 and 1000 g/kg) replacing dry ground maize. Bulls that received protein-energy supplementation had greater organic matter (OM) pasture and digested OM (DOM) intakes than the control. No differences were observed among CG levels with regard to OM pasture, neutral detergent fibre and DOM intakes. However, ether extract intake increased linearly as CG levels increased. Protein-energy supplementation enhanced efficiency of microbial N synthesis, N balance and ammonia concentration, but they were not influenced by the CG levels. In conclusion, partial or total replacement of dry ground maize by CG in protein-energy supplements for grazing beef cattle exerted no changes on pasture intake, digestibility and N utilization. Therefore, the use of CG as an energy source in supplements for grazing cattle can be recommended.

scholarly journals Protein-energy supplementation frequency on ruminal variables, intake and digestibility in steers receiving low quality hay

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Cândia D'Oliveira ◽  
Fábio Arguelo Biberg ◽  
Gabriela Facholi Bomfim ◽  
Maria da Graça Morais ◽  
José Mauro Diogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Supplementation Frequency ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Control Protein

Abstract The aim was evaluated the effect of reduce in protein-energy supplementation frequency on nutrients intake, forage digestibility and degradability, as well as, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) concentration in beef cattle receiving low-quality hay. A 4 x 4 Latin square design were used. Four steers were fed with low-quality hay and subjected to four treatments: no supplementation (control); protein-energy supplementation with 0.82% of body weight (BW) offered three times per week (3WK); 0.49% of BW offered five times a week (5 WK), and 0.35% of BW offered seven times per week (7 WK). The use of protein-energy supplementation increased intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and the digestibility coefficients of CP, EE, and NFC. However, no differences in DM and NDF degradation visit the website to get the how were observed between treatments in the evaluated hay. Supplementation did not alter ruminal pH, but the N-NH3 concentration was highest in treatment 7WK. Reduction in protein-energy supplementation frequency of daily to 3WK or 5WK does not negatively affect intake, digestibility and degradability of nutrients in beef cattle receiving low quality hay.

Balanced protein/energy supplementation plan for beef cattle on tropical pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 104211
Author(s):  
Mariana Barbizan ◽  
Eriton Egidio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Matheus Leonardi Damasceno ◽  
Sidnei Antônio Lopes ◽  
Ewerton de Souza Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation

scholarly journals Protein-energy supplementation for lambs: feed intake, ingestive behavior, rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Pâmila Carolini Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
Jonilson Araújo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

The study evaluated the effects of dietary protein-energy supplementation on feed intake, ingestive behavior, rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility in lambs. Four castrated lambs with 31.9 kg mean body weight and fistulated rumen were tested. distributed into latin square design (4x4), four treatments were tested over four periods of time: no supplementation (control) or with supplementation at 8, 16 and 24 g kg-1 body weight. The supplement (soybean meal, soybean hulls, ground corn and minerals) was provided with roughage (Tifton Bermudagrass, Cynodon spp., hay), which was offered ad libitum once a day, at 8h00. In treatments receiving 0 (control), 8, 16 and 24 g kg-1 supplementation, dry matter intake was 685.26, 742.86, 842.51 and 1013.33 g day-1, crude protein intake was 80.18, 95.98, 118.64, 150.14 g day-1 and metabolizable energy intake 1.55, 1.91, 2.31 and 2.98 g day-1, respectively. Treatments receiving the highest supplementation levels spent less time with rumination and feeding and rested for longer (P < 0.05). Protein-energy supplementation level did not affect rumen parameters. Average rumen pH was 6.3 and rumen ammonia nitrogen 165 mg dL-1; both were affected by sampling time. Supplementation levels until 24 g kg-1 BW improves feed intake and nutrient digestibility linearly and changes ingestive behavior, lowering rumination time without affecting rumen parameters.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF AMMONIATED WHEAT STRAW FOR RUMINANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ZORRILLA-RIOS ◽  
G. W. HORN ◽  
C. A. HIBBERD ◽  
W. A. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Microbial N

Ammoniation of wheat straw increased ruminal digestion of dietary organic matter and duodenal flow of microbial nitrogen. For a growing steer (288 kg) gaining 0.45 kg daily, nitrogen in ammoniated straw replaced that provided by 0.6 kg of soybean meal. Energy supplementation improved nitrogen balance in sheep consuming ammoniated straw. Key words: Straw, ammoniation, microbial-N, protein, energy, ruminants

scholarly journals Protein-energy supplementation for lambs: feed intake, ingestive behavior, rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Pâmila Carolini Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
Jonilson Araújo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

The study evaluated the effects of dietary protein-energy supplementation on feed intake, ingestive behavior, rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility in lambs. Four castrated lambs with 31.9 kg mean body weight and fistulated rumen were tested. distributed into latin square design (4x4), four treatments were tested over four periods of time: no supplementation (control) or with supplementation at 8, 16 and 24 g kg-1 body weight. The supplement (soybean meal, soybean hulls, ground corn and minerals) was provided with roughage (Tifton Bermudagrass, Cynodon spp., hay), which was offered ad libitum once a day, at 8h00. In treatments receiving 0 (control), 8, 16 and 24 g kg-1 supplementation, dry matter intake was 685.26, 742.86, 842.51 and 1013.33 g day-1, crude protein intake was 80.18, 95.98, 118.64, 150.14 g day-1 and metabolizable energy intake 1.55, 1.91, 2.31 and 2.98 g day-1, respectively. Treatments receiving the highest supplementation levels spent less time with rumination and feeding and rested for longer (P < 0.05). Protein-energy supplementation level did not affect rumen parameters. Average rumen pH was 6.3 and rumen ammonia nitrogen 165 mg dL-1; both were affected by sampling time. Supplementation levels until 24 g kg-1 BW improves feed intake and nutrient digestibility linearly and changes ingestive behavior, lowering rumination time without affecting rumen parameters.

scholarly journals The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Kampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Burarat Phesatcha ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) adding and roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) on nutrients utilization, rumen fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, and protozoal population in Thai native beef cattle. Four Thai native beef cattle, weighing an average of 120 ± 10 kg live weight, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was the level of roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) at 60:40 and 40:60; factor B was the levels of live yeast (LY) supplementation at 0 and 4 g/hd/d; urea–calcium-hydroxide-treated rice straw were used as a roughage source. Findings revealed that total intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) were increased (p < 0.05) by both factors, being greater for steers fed a R:C ratio of 40:60 supplemented with 4 g LY/hd/d. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate (C3) were increased (p < 0.05) at the R:C ratio of 40:60 with LY supplementation at 4 g/hd/d, whereas rumen acetate (C2) and the C2 to C3 ratio were decreased (p < 0.05). With a high level of concentrate, LY addition increased total bacterial direct counts and fungal zoospores (p < 0.05), but decreased protozoal populations (p < 0.05). High-concentrate diet and LY supplementation increased nitrogen absorption and the efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein production. In conclusion, feeding beef cattle with 4 g/hd/d LY at a R:C ratio of 40:60 increased C3 and nutritional digestibility while lowering protozoal population.

Effect of the substitution of urea for soybean meal on digestion in steers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Kozloski ◽  
H. M. N. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
J. B. T. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen

Four growing Holstein steers (305 ± 33 kg body weight) with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to assess the effect of level of dietary urea (0, 7.3, 14.7 and 22.0 g kg−1 of dry matter) on the site and extent of digestion of some feed components. The diets were isonitrogenous and consisted of 60% ryegrass hay and 40% concentrate and were offered to the animals three times daily in amounts limited to 24 g of dry matter kg−1 liveweight in order to avoid feed refusals. The addition of urea caused a linear increase in ruminal pH and in ruminal ammonia concentration during the first hours after feed ingestion (P < 0.01), and linearly increased ruminal digestibility of cellulose (P < 0.01) and apparent nitrogen (P < 0.05). However, it had no significant effect on apparent total digestibility of feed components, nor did it affect ruminal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter or starch. Flow of microbial nitrogen to the small intestine decreased linearly (P < 0.05), but the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis or the proportion of undegraded feed nitrogen in the rumen that flowed to the small intestine was not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The increase in ruminal ammonia concentration above that necessary for optimal microbial growth increased ruminal nitrogen losses into the blood. However, excess ruminal ammonia concentration also increased ruminal fibre digestion. Key words: Non-protein nitrogen, microbial protein synthesis, ruminants, digestion

Dried whole cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) nuts as an alternative energy feedstuff for beef cattle grazing tropical pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (13) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
D. M. Meneses ◽  
E. H. B. K. Moraes ◽  
E. D. Batista ◽  
A. S. Oliveira ◽  
S. R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Supplement Intake

Context Cupuassu is frequently cultivated in Brazil as well as in the warm lowlands of other tropical American countries. Cupuassu nut contains high levels of theobromine and ether extra ct, which could negatively affect the intake and digestibility of nutrients, when included in livestock diets. Aims The present study was undertaken to evaluate how replacing maize with cupuassu nut affects feed intake, efficiency of microbial synthesis and nitrogen (N) balance in Nellore bulls at pasture. Methods Five Nellore bulls with an initial bodyweight of 336.7 ± 12.8 kg (mean ± s.d.) were kept in individual paddocks of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Concentrate supplements containing equal amounts of N and different concentrations of dried whole cupuassu nut (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% replacement of maize) were fed to bulls in a 5 × 5 latin square design, with each animal allocated to each diet for a period of 20 days, including a 14-day period of adaptation. Key results Intake of all dietary components and total digestible nutrients, except ether extract, theobromine and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein, decreased linearly with the addition of cupuassu. Theobromine intake varied from 13.86 (25% cupuassu nut) to 36.67 (100% cupuassu nut) mg/kg bodyweight. The inclusion of cupuassu in the supplement led to a linear decrease in ruminal ammonia-N concentration, N balance, and efficiency of microbial synthesis. Conclusion Replacing maize with dried whole cupuassu nut in concentrate supplements reduces the intake of DM from both supplement and pasture, the efficiency of microbial synthesis, and the N balance in grazing beef cattle. Implications The replacement of maize by dried whole nut of cupuassu in concentrate supplements for grazing cattle is not recommended because it reduces supplement intake and nitrogen retention, and it is likely to decrease liveweight gain.

Nutritional impact of crude glycerine infusion into the rumen of wethers fed a tropical or a temperate forage grass

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1306-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ZENI ◽  
G. V. KOZLOSKI ◽  
M. GINDRI ◽  
S. STEFANELLO ◽  
F. HENTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe current study evaluated the nutritional impact of crude glycerine (CG) supplementation to wethers fed only forage grass. Eight Polwarth wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square. Treatments consisted of no CG (control, CON) or intra-ruminal infusion of CG at daily rates of 0·5, 1·5 or 3·0 ml/kg body weight (BW). In each Latin Square, four animals were fedAvena strigosaand four were fedCynodonsp. hayad libitum. The actual concentration of glycerol in diet was similar for both forage types and varied from 21 to 364 g/kg dry matter. No interactions between forage type and CG treatments were detected and no differences were observed between the CON and 0·5 CG treatment for most variables. Both the organic matter (OM) and the digestible OM intake decreased linearly at increased levels of CG infusion, whereas no treatment effect was observed on OM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility. The duodenal flow of rumen microbial nitrogen (N) was not affected, whereas the duodenal flow of α-amino N decreased linearly at increased levels of CG infusion. In conclusion, CG supplementation at a rate of up to 0·5 ml/kg BW/day did not change the nutrient supply whereas greater amounts of CG supplementation negatively impacted the nutrient supply to wethers fed only grass forage. The forage digestibility, in turn, was not affected by CG supplementation.

scholarly journals PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Felipe A Nascimento ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
Luciana M Sousa ◽  
Ivanna M Oliveira ◽  
Flávio D Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P &lt; 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P &lt; 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P &gt;0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P &lt; 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P &lt; 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

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