ORGANIC NITROGEN IN A TYPIC HAPLUDOX FERTILIZED WITH PIG SLURRY

The application of pig slurry may have a different effect on nitrogen dynamics in soil compared to mineral fertilization. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the different forms of organic N in a Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (Typic Hapludox) and their relationship to N uptake by crops in response to 10 years of annual application of pig slurry and mineral fertilizer. The treatments were application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry, in addition to mineral fertilizer, organized in a randomized block design with four replications. The N contents were determined in the plant tissue and in the forms of total N and acid hydrolyzed fractions: ammonium-N, hexosamine-N, α-amino-N, amide-N, and unidentified-N. Annual application of pig slurry or mineral fertilizer increased the total-N content in the 0-10 cm depth layer. The main fractions of organic N in the soil were α-amino-N when pig slurry was applied and unidentified-N in the case of mineral fertilizers. Pig slurry increased the N fractions considered as labile: α-amino-N, ammonium-N, and amide-N. The increase in these labile organic N fractions in the soil through pig slurry application allows greater N uptake by the maize and oat crops in a no-tillage system.

Download Full-text

Plant uptake of nitrogen from the organic nitrogen fraction of animal manures: a laboratory experiment

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859699007510 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 134 (2) ◽

pp. 159-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 149

Author(s):

D. R. CHADWICK ◽

F. JOHN ◽

B. F. PAIN ◽

B. J. CHAMBERS ◽

J. WILLIAMS

Keyword(s):

N Mineralization ◽

Organic N ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Mineral N ◽

N Content ◽

Total N ◽

N Supply ◽

Ammonium N ◽

Cow Slurry ◽

N Fractions

Twenty slurries, 20 farmyard manures (FYM) and 10 poultry manures were chemically analysed to characterize their nitrogen (N) fractions and to assess their potential organic N supply. The organic N fraction varied between manure types and represented from 14% to 99% of the total N content. The readily mineralizable N fraction, measured by refluxing with KCl, was largest in the pig FYMs and broiler litters, but on average only represented 7–8% of the total N content. A pot experiment was undertaken to measure N mineralization from the organic N fraction of 17 of these manures. The ammonium-N content of the manures was removed and the remaining organic N mixed with a low mineral N status sandy soil, which was sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). N offtake was used as a measure of mineralization throughout the 199 day experiment. The greatest N mineralization was measured from a layer manure and a pig slurry, where N offtake represented 56% and 37% of the organic N added, respectively. Lowest (%) N mineralization was measured from a dairy cow slurry (< 2%) and a beef FYM (6%). The mineralization rate was negatively related to the C[ratio ]organic N ratio of the ammonium-N stripped manures (P < 0·01, r = −0·63).

Download Full-text

Short-term nitrogen dynamics in a soil amended with anaerobic digestate

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2018-0060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 173-181

Author(s):

Mehdi Sharifi ◽

Scott Baker ◽

Leila Hojabri ◽

Monireh Hajiaghaei-Kamrani

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Organic N ◽

N Recovery ◽

N Availability ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Total N ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Mineralizable N

The co-product of anaerobic digestion, digestate, is nitrogen (N) rich; however, the forms and accessibility of this N by the crops have not been fully explored. This study aimed to determine the mineralization parameters of digestate N and to assess its availability for annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Four digestate rates of 0 (control), 38, 75, and 150 mg N kg−1 soil (equal to 0, 90, 180, and 360 kg total N ha−1) were applied to a silty clay loam soil in a completely randomized block design with four replications in a greenhouse study. A 100 d aerobic incubation experiment was also conducted with 0 and 150 mg digestate N kg−1 rates at 25 °C. Digestate feedstock included cattle manure (28%), hay (15%), and silage corn (Zea mays L.; 57%). Total plant biomass and N uptake increased linearly with digestate application rate with average apparent N recovery of 37%. Potentially mineralizable N (N0) and mineralizable N rate constant (k) were not significantly different in digestate and control treatments; however, a flush of digestate organic N (30 mg N kg−1) released right after mixing the digestate with soil. Evidences of N immobilization with digestate application were observed in greenhouse study. Majority of plant-available digestate N was in form of NH4+-N; therefore, NH4+-N can be used for estimation of available digestate N for crops. Results need to be validated for specific feedstock and soil properties under field conditions. Further research is needed to assess how long-term build-up of digestate organic N may impact the N availability for crops.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from the Concentrated Liquid Fraction of Pig Slurries

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2019/9283106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

G. L. Velthof ◽

R. P. J. J. Rietra

Keyword(s):

Liquid Fraction ◽

N Uptake ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Greenhouse Experiment ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

N Recovery ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Incubation Experiment ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Mineral N

Processed manure can be an alternative source of nutrients for untreated manure and mineral fertilizers. Mineral concentrates (MCs) are derived from reversed osmosis of the liquid fraction of separated pig slurries. The emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from different (processed) manures and fertilizers were tested in an incubation experiment and a greenhouse experiment with grass as a test crop. Dry matter yields and nitrogen (N) uptake were also determined in the greenhouse experiment. Incorporation into the soil decreased on NH3 emission but increased N2O emission for all nitrogen products (mineral fertilizer, untreated slurry, MC, and solid fraction of separated slurry). Incorporation of both MC, slurries, and mineral fertilizers increased N2O emission in the incubation experiment. The lowest apparent N recovery (ANR) in the pot experiment with grass was obtained for incorporated pig slurry (30–39%) and surface-applied MC (33–38%), while the highest ANRs were obtained for liquid ammonium nitrate (45–53%) and acidified MC (43–55%). It is concluded that MCs have a similar N fertilizer value as mineral N fertilizers if NH3 emission is reduced by incorporation or acidification.

Download Full-text

Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dan N, P, K Terhadap C-Organik, N-Total, Serapan N Serta Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Pada Inceptisol Asal Jatinangor

SoilREns ◽

10.24198/soilrens.v17i2.26364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rija Sudirja ◽

Maya Damayani ◽

Eso Solihin ◽

Wulan Sri Damayanti

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

N Uptake ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Organic N ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C

Rice is one of the staples of Indonesian society. Development of rice cultivation can be carried out on Inceptisol soils. This land has a wide distribution of around 70.52 million, but it has an unfavorable fertility rate so fertilization is needed in order to increase fertility and yield of lowland rice. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of liquid organic fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer on C-Organic, N-Total, N uptake and Yield (Oryza Sativa L.) on Inceptisol from Jatinangor. The experiment was held on March 2019 until July 2019 at Ciparanje Experimental Field and Laboratory Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replications. The result of study showed that the combination of liquid organic fertilizer and N, P, K is affected on organic C, total N, N uptake and rice yield. The application of one liquid organik fertilizer and ¾ N, P, K gave the best rice yield of 8,55 kg/plot or equal to 6,84 ton/ha.

Download Full-text

Loss of nitrogen and carbon during storage of the fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry and influence on nitrogen availability

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859607007654 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 146 (4) ◽

pp. 403-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. PETERSEN ◽

P. SØRENSEN

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Application Rate ◽

Organic N ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Volatile Elements ◽

Total N ◽

Available N ◽

Ammonium N ◽

On Farm

SUMMARYManure production in the most livestock-intensive areas exceeds the crop demand for nutrients and legislative restrictions on application rate cause a shortage of land for manure application. Export of nutrients in the fibrous fraction of separated animal slurry has become an option for sustaining or increasing livestock production in livestock-intensive areas. The nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) losses during on-farm storage of the fibrous fraction, originating from separation of anaerobically digested pig slurry using the non-volatile elements phosphorus (P), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) as internal references, were calculated. In addition, the plant availability of N in fresh and stored fibrous fractions was evaluated in an incubation experiment. The losses of N and C were greater from the heap surface than from the centre, and turning the heap by reloading for transport increased the losses. The proportion of ammonium N, total N and C lost during storage of the fibrous fraction was 0·30–0·90, 0·10–0·55 and 0·35–0·70 of the initial amount, respectively. Storage reduced the plant-available N and the amount of residual organic N, thereby having long-term influence on soil fertility. The plant-available N in fresh fibrous fractions was 0·22–0·52 of total N, but decreased to 0·15–0·38 after storage due to a decrease of the Nammonium:Ntotal ratio during storage. The net mineralization of manure N was negatively related to the Ctotal:Norganic ratio. The fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry may be characterized as a manure with a high potential for loss and a variable value as fertilizer.

Download Full-text

Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96771-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khadim Dawar ◽

Shah Fahad ◽

M. M. R. Jahangir ◽

Iqbal Munir ◽

Syed Sartaj Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Urease Inhibitor ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Total N ◽

N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen fertilizer value of animal slurries with different proportions of liquid and solid fractions: A 3-year study under field conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000083 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Betina Nørgaard Pedersen ◽

Bent T. Christensen ◽

Luca Bechini ◽

Daniele Cavalli ◽

Jørgen Eriksen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Fraction ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Organic N ◽

First Year ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Total N ◽

Plant Availability ◽

Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract The plant availability of manure nitrogen (N) is influenced by manure composition in the year of application whereas some studies indicate that the legacy effect in following years is independent of the composition. The plant availability of N in pig and cattle slurries with variable contents of particulate matter was determined in a 3-year field study. We separated cattle and a pig slurry into liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation. Slurry mixtures with varying proportions of solid and liquid fraction were applied to a loamy sand soil at similar NH4+-N rates in the first year. Yields and N offtake of spring barley and undersown perennial ryegrass were compared to plots receiving mineral N fertilizer. The first year N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of total N in slurry mixtures decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction. The second and third season NFRV averaged 6.5% and 3.8% of total N, respectively, for cattle slurries, and 18% and 7.5% for pig slurries and was not related to the proportion of solid fraction. The estimated net N mineralization of residual organic N increased nearly linearly with growing degree days (GDD) with a rate of 0.0058%/GDD for cattle and 0.0116%/GDD for pig slurries at 2000–5000 GDD after application. In conclusion NFRV of slurry decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction in the first year. In the second year, NFRV of pig slurry N was significantly higher than that of cattle slurry N and unaffected by proportion between solid and liquid fraction.

Download Full-text

The attempt to explain the various reaktions of rape and corn plants on the nitrogen usee in the ammonium or nitrate forms

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1993.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49

Author(s):

Zofia Uziak ◽

Edward Borowski ◽

Zbyszek Blamowski

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Organic N ◽

Lower Content ◽

Ammonium Ions ◽

Total N ◽

CHANGES IN NATURAL 15N ABUNDANCE ASSOCIATED WITH PEDOGENIC PROCESSES IN SOIL. II. CHANGES ON DIFFERENT SLOPE POSITIONS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss80-039 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 365-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. E. KARAMANOS ◽

D. A. RENNIE

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Organic N ◽

Total N ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Ammonium N ◽

Soil Forming Processes ◽

Pedogenic Processes ◽

15N Abundance ◽

Upper Slope

Rather marked variations in δa15N values were obtained in a study carried out on samples taken from four soils belonging to the Weyburn soil association. The δa15N of the total N of well-drained depressional profiles dropped sharply with depth and, in contrast, for upper slope positions was relatively constant to a depth of approximately 5 m. This characteristic enrichment in the heavier isotope of total nitrogen of surface horizons may represent long-term immobilization of partially oxidized ammonium N into the organic N fraction; δa15N of the total N more closely represents past soil-forming processes while that of the nitrate N appears to reflect, in addition, recent N cycle stresses.

Download Full-text

Analysis of N2O emissions and isotopomers to understand nitrogen cycling associated with multispecies grassland swards at a lysimeter scale

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9218 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Conor Bracken ◽

Gary Lanigan ◽

Karl Richards ◽

Saoirse Tracy ◽

Christoph Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycling ◽

White Clover ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

N Cycling ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Total N ◽

Transformation Pathways ◽

Grass Growth

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas associated with nitrogen fertiliser inputs to agricultural production systems. Minimising N2O emissions is important to improving the efficiency and sustainability of grassland agriculture. Multispecies grassland swards composed of plants from different functional groups (grasses, legumes, herbs) have been considered as a management strategy to achieve this goal. Numerous soil nitrogen transformation pathways can lead to the production of N2O emissions. These transformation pathways are regulated by soil microbial communities and the environmental conditions and management practices that impact on them. Much research has been carried out on N cycling and N2O emissions from predominantly grass monoculture systems. However, there is a lot yet to understand about how agricultural grasslands with diverse plant communities influence soil N cycling and N2O emissions. A lysimeter experiment was set up as a completely randomised block design and carried out over a full year to investigate N2O production, and nitrogen cycling associated with four sward types. The swards four swards were: perennial ryegrass (PRG, Lolium perenne); PRG and low white clover (PRG + LWC, Trifolium repens); PRG and high white clover (PRG + HWC); PRG, WC and ribwort plantain (PRG + WC + PLAN, Plantago lanceolata) managed at 250, 90, 0, and 45 kg N ha-1yr-1, respectively. Fertiliser N was applied by syringe as urea in splits at suitable timings to meet grass growth demands. N2O fluxes were measured using a static chamber technique and additional samples were taken after the final flux sample to measure the associated N2O isotopomers using a novel Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy technique. Leachate volumes were measured on a weekly basis and composite monthly samples were used to determine the total amount of N leached from each treatment over the full year. Herbage was harvested on a monthly basis to measure DM yield (kg DM ha-1), total N (%) and N yield (kg N ha-1).This work reports on the N2O emissions and N leaching associated with the four sward treatments and related these N losses to the treatments DM yields and N uptake as an estimation of the efficiency of these differing grassland management strategies. N2O isotopomer measurements were used to indicate N transformation pathways driving N loss over the growing season particularly around periods of peak N2O emissions.

Download Full-text