Segregation as Efficiency? Group-Specific Institutions in North India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Nirvikar Jassal
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
North India ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Female Administrators ◽  
Women Police ◽  
Victims Of Violence

A number of nations have instituted group-specific institutions or “enclaves” for women. The assumption underpinning such bodies—physically distinct, autonomous units in which constituent members belong entirely to a particular group—is that the segregation of female administrators will better serve the interests of women by isolating them from patriarchal norms and practices. I scrutinize this assumption by examining India's experience with all-women police stations, and carry out eight months of ethnographic research in and around police stations across the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. I find that while all-women police stations allow complainants to speak freely, they may also diminish capacity for female administrators working in law enforcement, create hurdles for victims of violence, and, in some ways, marginalize gender issues from the mainstream.

Police Labor and Exploitation: Case Study of North India

2021 ◽  
pp. 487-511
Author(s):  
Beatrice Jauregui
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Excessive Force ◽  
World Region ◽  
Social Justice Movements ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Justice Movements ◽  
Official Police

This chapter analyzes data collected over more than two years of ethnographic fieldwork with police in north India. It argues that subordinate police personnel in this decolonizing world region often experience exploitation as laborers, even as they routinely deploy excessive force and sometimes misuse their authority to intervene in everyday life. The analysis reveals an imbrication of official police rank hierarchies with broader forms of social inequality (especially socioeconomic class, religion, and caste) through observations of interactions among police personnel of various ranks and interviews with current and former officers in Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state. It also develops methodological concepts of “strategic complicity” and “critical empathy,” and suggests directions for future ethnographic research on policing that may help us discern the complexities of both local and global social justice movements and power relations.

Who is the true Halalkhor? Genealogy and ethics in dalit Muslim oral traditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Lee
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
North India ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

The social worlds that dalit Muslims in North India daily negotiate are pervaded by contradictions between caste practices and Islamic ethics. Dalit Muslims engaged in manual scavenging and related forms of sanitation labour experience these contradictions acutely in the distinctive spatial and affective conditions of this labour, which I characterise as ‘intimate untouchability’. Grounded in historical and ethnographic research in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, this article demonstrates how dalit Muslims use narratives mobilising the genealogical and ethical concept of the Halalkhor—a caste label that also denotes ‘one who earns an honest living’—to critique their higher status co-religionists and to engender a more egalitarian Islamic community. The category of the Halalkhor is tracked in the historical record and in its deployment in dalit Muslim oral traditions about the origin of the community and its association with sanitation work.

How Lives Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu ◽  
Peter Lanjouw ◽  
Nicholas Stern
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Village

Development economics is about understanding how and why lives and livelihoods change. This book is about economic development in the village of Palanpur, in Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh, in north India. It draws on seven decades of detailed data collection by a team of dedicated development economists to describe the evolution of Palanpur’s economy, its society, and its politics. The emerging story of integration of the village economy with the outside world is placed against the backdrop of a rapidly transforming India and, in turn, helps to understand the transformation. The role of, and scope for, public policy in shaping the lives of individuals is examined. The book describes how changes in Palanpur’s economy since the late 1950s were initially driven by the advance of agriculture through land reforms, the expansion of irrigation, and the introduction of ‘green revolution’ technologies. Then, since the mid-1980s, newly emerging off-farm opportunities in nearby towns and outside agriculture became the key drivers of growth and change. These key forces of change have profoundly influenced poverty, income mobility, and inequality in Palanpur. Village institutions such as those governing access to land are shown to have evolved in subtle but clear ways over time, while individual entrepreneurship and initiative is found to play a critical role in driving and responding to the forces of change. And yet, against a backdrop of real economic growth and structural transformation, the book documents how human development outcomes have shown only weak progress and remain stubbornly resistant to change.

POSTPARTUM AMENORRHOEA IN RURAL EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
K. N. S. YADAVA ◽  
S. K. JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Current Status Data ◽  
North India ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

This paper calculates the mean duration of the postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA) and examines its demographic, and socioeconomic correlates in rural north India, using data collected through 'retrospective' (last but one child) as well as 'current status' (last child) reporting of the duration of PPA.The mean duration of PPA was higher in the current status than in the retrospective data;n the difference being statistically significant. However, for the same mothers who gave PPA information in both the data sets, the difference in mean duration of PPA was not statistically significant. The correlates were identical in both the data sets. The current status data were more complete in terms of the coverage, and perhaps less distorted by reporting errors caused by recall lapse.A positive relationship of the mean duration of PPA was found with longer breast-feeding, higher parity and age of mother at the birth of the child, and the survival status of the child. An inverse relationship was found with higher education of a woman, higher education of her husband and higher socioeconomic status of her household, these variables possibly acting as proxies for women's better nutritional status.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT SCHEMES ON MATERNAL HEALTH: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Neena Gupta ◽  
Uruj Jahan ◽  
Subhashini Singh
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Mortality And Morbidity

BACKGROUND: Maternal health is an important aspect for the development of any country in terms of increasing equity and reducing poverty. For reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity Government of India launched National health mission (NHM). Some of the major initiatives under NHM are– ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), JSY/JSSK (Janani Suraksha Yojana / Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram), National mobile medical units, National ambulance services. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, G.S.V.M Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh which is a low performing state, during the period of 2018 to 2019. A total of 5134 obstetric patients including 1032 low general condition patients were included over duration of 20 months since January 2018 to august 2019. This observational study collected information regarding number of deliveries in different years in this tertiary care hospital, effect on availability of health facilities and antenatal care to the antenatal women after introduction of JSY, ASHA and ambulance services. CONCLUSIONS: After JSY there is major difference in OPD admission and institutional delivery rate. Ambulance services had major contributory role in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. There is need to improve performance of ASHA by proper supervision and monitoring.

Correlation of COVID-19 antigen test and CBNAAT results at a single tertiary care hospital in North India: an experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Surbhi Gupta ◽  
Anju Shukla ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Areena H. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Discordant Group ◽  
Antigen Tests

Background: Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is considered gold standard in the molecular diagnosis of CoV-2 infection but since it is costly, labor intensive and needs technical expertise, rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of specific antigens to SARS CoV-2 have been devised. Objectives of this study was to compare the results of Antigen test and NAAT for CoV-2 infection carried out during the months of July and August 2020 by single tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh and to determine the utility of rapid antigen test in the SARS CoV-2 diagnosis.Methods: All the patients who came to our hospital seeking admission during July 2020 and August 2020 were included in the study. A total of 1000 patients were included in this study.Results: Out of a total 1000 cases which were included in the study, 769 cases (76.9%) were found to be SARS CoV-2 negative by both antigen and CBNAAT, 100 cases (10.0%) were SARS CoV-2 positive by both antigen and CBNAAT tests. But in 131 cases (13.1%), antigen was not able to pick up the disease. It was also found that the Cycle Threshold (Ct) value for the discordant group was higher (Mean E= 28, Mean N2=33) when compared to the group where antigen was positive.Conclusions: The present study establishes the role of rapid antigen tests in contributing to the quick, point of care diagnosis of SARS CoV-2. These assays are safe, simple, and fast and can be used in local clinics and hospitals. These tests are very important for real-time patient management and infection control decision.

Segmented Possibilities: Migrant life Histories of Hindustani Workers in Post Colonial India

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 134-158
Author(s):  
Camille Buat
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
North India ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of

AbstractStarting in the late 19 th century, workers from north India came to constitute the backbone of the urban and industrial labour force in Calcutta and neighboring mill municipalities. As they settled in and around the colonial metropolis, these Hindustani workers maintained strong connections with their rural homes. One generation after the other, they reproduced this dual settlement over the following decades. This bi-local structure of labour circulation, which linked village and city through the constant coming and going of men and women, progressively broke down from the late 20 th century onwards, following the closure of the large textile, engineering and paper industries which underpinned the economic vitality of the Calcutta region. The article sketches out the history of this socio-spatial configuration over the second half of the 20 th century, through the life histories of two migrant Hindustani workers. Born around 1940, Siraj Prajapati and Mohan Lal both spent the greater part of their working lives in Calcutta's industrial suburbs. Siraj, a potter by caste, was engaged in the artisanal production tea-cups in Howrah. Born into one of the most marginalized sections of north Indian society, Mohan managed to train as a mason, and was employed in the Titagarh Paper Mill through the 1960s and 70s. Both have now settled back in their respective villages of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Teasing out the contradictory ways in which both men frame their life trajectories, the article contributes a micro-perspective to the social history of rural-urban migration in post-colonial north India.

scholarly journals Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
Seth Wyatt Fallik ◽  
Ross Deuchar ◽  
Vaughn J Crichlow ◽  
Hannah Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. There has been, however, a paucity of empirical research into how law enforcement uses social media. To explore this issue, this paper uses qualitative data emerging from ethnographic research conducted in a Southern American state. Participant observations of police officer deployments were paired with semi-structured interviews with officers from three law enforcement agencies. The extent and ways in which these officers used social media is explored. Findings indicate that social media is used to bring positive attention to law enforcement agencies and aid criminal investigations. Although the positive impact of social media was highlighted in these experiences, persistent problems and challenges also featured in the data. Finally, officer insights were drawn upon to make recommendations for future policing policy and research.

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