POSTPARTUM AMENORRHOEA IN RURAL EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
K. N. S. YADAVA ◽  
S. K. JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Current Status Data ◽  
North India ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

This paper calculates the mean duration of the postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA) and examines its demographic, and socioeconomic correlates in rural north India, using data collected through 'retrospective' (last but one child) as well as 'current status' (last child) reporting of the duration of PPA.The mean duration of PPA was higher in the current status than in the retrospective data;n the difference being statistically significant. However, for the same mothers who gave PPA information in both the data sets, the difference in mean duration of PPA was not statistically significant. The correlates were identical in both the data sets. The current status data were more complete in terms of the coverage, and perhaps less distorted by reporting errors caused by recall lapse.A positive relationship of the mean duration of PPA was found with longer breast-feeding, higher parity and age of mother at the birth of the child, and the survival status of the child. An inverse relationship was found with higher education of a woman, higher education of her husband and higher socioeconomic status of her household, these variables possibly acting as proxies for women's better nutritional status.

scholarly journals Tropospheric CO vertical profiles deduced from total columns using data assimilation: methodology and validation

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3035-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. El Amraoui ◽  
J.-L. Attié ◽  
P. Ricaud ◽  
W. A. Lahoz ◽  
A. Piacentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. This paper presents a validation of a method to derive the vertical profile of carbon monoxide (CO) from its total column using data assimilation. We choose version 3 of MOPITT CO total columns to validate the proposed method. MOPITT products have the advantage of providing both the vertical profiles and the total columns of CO. Furthermore, this version has been extensively validated by comparison with many independent data sets, and has been used in many scientific studies. The first step of the paper consists in the specification of the observation errors based on the chi-square (χ2) test. The observations have been binned according to three types: over land during daytime, over land during night-time, and over sea. Their respective errors using the χ2 metric have been found to be 8, 11 and 7%. In the second step, the CO total columns, with their specified errors, are used within the assimilation system to estimate the vertical profiles. These are compared to the retrieved profiles of MOPITT V3 at global and regional scales. Generally, the two data sets show similar patterns and good agreement at both scales. Nevertheless, total column analyses slightly overestimate CO concentrations compared to MOPITT observations. The mean bias between both data sets is +15 and +12% at 700 and 250 hPa, respectively. In the third step, the assimilation of total column has been compared to the assimilation of MOPITT vertical profiles. The differences between both analyses are very small. In terms longitude–latitude maps, the mean bias between the two data sets is +6 and +8% at the pressure levels 700 and 200 hPa, respectively. In terms of zonal means, the CO distribution is similar for both analyses, with a mean bias which does not exceed 12%. Finally, the two analyses have been validated using independent observations from the aircraft-based MOZAIC program in terms of vertical profiles over eight airports. Over most airports, both analyses agree well with aircraft profiles. For more than 50% of recorded measurements, the difference between the analyses and MOZAIC does not exceed 5 ppbv (parts per billion by volume).

scholarly journals Attenuation of peak ground accelerations in some recent New Zealand earthquakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Dowrick ◽  
S. Sritharan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Peak Ground Accelerations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Event Based

The attenuation of peak ground accelerations was studied for eight New Zealand earthquakes which occurred in the period 1987 to 1991. These events were of medium size with moment magnitudes in the range Mw = 5.8 - 6.7, with depth to centroids of the fault rupture ranging from 4 to 60 km. Attenuation of peak ground accelerations was examined for each event, based on the slope distance from the rupture surface to each strong motion data site. The mean regression attenuation curve for each event was compared with those derived by others using data sets from other parts of the world, allowance being made for source mechanism and depth. Excepting the 1988 Te Anau event, the other seven New Zealand events as a set closely match a Japanese model, but give significantly stronger accelerations than those predicted by the models from western USA and Europe.

scholarly journals An internal evaluation of higher education curriculum using data transformation model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michael Bobias Cahapay
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Data Transformation ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Internal Evaluation ◽  
Higher Education Curriculum ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Using Data

A curriculum does not exist in a void; internal members play a key role in responding to the different forces that continually shape it. One of the approaches to evaluation is through internal evaluation from the perspective of the inside members who work with the curriculum. However, the internal evaluation may pose restricted evaluation due to the innate subjective human judgment. Considering these contexts, this paper performed a pilot internal evaluation of a selected aspect of a higher education curriculum using a triangulation mixed method design called the data transformation model. Based on the results, the evaluation using the data transformation model probed important points of agreement and discrepancy in the data sets. The implications for evaluation theory and curriculum practice are discussed. It is suggested that an extension of the current formative internal evaluation continuing the tradition of data transformative model but progressively focusing on larger aspects of the curriculum should be further conducted.

Effects of inbreeding on marriage payment in North India

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badaruddoza ◽  
M. Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

SummaryThis study examines the relationships between consanguineous marriages and marriage payment, using data from two Muslim qaums living in urban and rural areas in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, North India. Qaum and locality were found to have no significant association with the dowry system. Marriage payment is less common in consanguineous than in non-consanguineous marriages. However, the association between marriage payment and the type of marriage is significant at p<0·001. The dowry system is more prevalent among the higher socioeconomic groups, while the bride-wealth system is more common among the lower socioeconomic groups.

Life Satisfaction of Cross-Border Marriage Migrants in South Korea: Exploring the Social Network Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojin Yu ◽  
Feinian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Marriage Migrants ◽  
Foreign Brides ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

This study examines the recent phenomenon of “cross-border marriage” in South Korea: foreign brides migrating into Korea to get married to Korean bachelors. Using data from the National Survey of Multicultural Families 2009, one of the biggest data sets on marriage migrants, we analyze how the difference in migrants’ initial methods of entry affects the level of their life satisfaction. The findings show greater life satisfaction for those who used personal social networks, when compared with those who used commercial brokers as a method of entry. The analyses also reveal the importance of current social networks and their role in moderating the effect of the initial methods of entry after a prolonged period of residence.

Developmental and growth patterns in Xiphinema parasimile and X. simile (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), members of the X. americanum-group

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
László Barsi
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

AbstractXiphinema parasimile and X. simile are morphologically and morphometrically very similar, yet molecularly different, species with different developmental and growth patterns, a different number of juvenile developmental stages (four vs three) and a different post-embryonic growth pattern. Body length, body volume and odontostyle and replacement odontostyle lengths served for comparison of the post-embryonic growth patterns in these species. A percentage method was used to make the data sets comparable between one population of X. parasimile and three populations of X. simile. The mean body lengths of the first, second and pre-adult stages in X. simile showed similarity with those of the second, third and pre-adult stages in X. parasimile. In X. simile there was no unique growth pattern of body length and body volume from stage to stage applicable for all populations, just a similar trend with more or less similar values. The difference between replacement odontostyle and functional odontostyle lengths in all juvenile stages was higher in X. simile and lower in X. parasimile, despite the very similar mean odontostyle length in the female stage of both species.

scholarly journals Models to Assess the Association of a Semiquantitative Exposure With Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Lachin ◽  
Ionut Bebu ◽  
Barbara Braffett
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Biased Estimates

Abstract A semiquantitative risk factor has 2 components: any exposure (yes/no) and the quantitative amount of exposure (if exposed). We describe the statistical properties of alternative analyses with such a risk factor using linear, logistic, or Cox proportional hazards models. Often analyses employ the amount exposed as a single quantitative covariate, including the nonexposed with value zero. However, this analysis provides a biased estimate of the exposure coefficient (slope) and we describe the magnitude of the bias. This bias can be eliminated by adding a binary covariate for exposed versus not to the model. This 2-factor analysis captures the full risk-factor effect on the outcome. However, the coefficient for any exposure versus not does not have a meaningful interpretation. Alternatively, when exposure values among those exposed are centered (by subtracting the mean), the estimate of this coefficient represents the difference in the outcome between those exposed versus not in aggregate. We also show that the biased model provides biased estimates of the coefficients for other covariates added to the model. Proper analysis of a semiquantitative risk factor should start with a 2-factor model, with centering, to assess the joint contributions of the 2 components of the risk-factor exposure. Properties of models were illustrated using data from a multisite study in North America (1983–2019).

scholarly journals Sonographic evaluation of the degree of medial meniscal extrusion during Thessaly test in healthy knees

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Cho ◽  
Lauren Tollefson ◽  
Kenneth Reckelhoff
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Meniscal Extrusion ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Knee Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective The Thessaly test is a commonly used orthopedic test for meniscus tear evaluation. The study’s objective is to evaluate the degree of medial meniscal extrusion during different loading phases of the Thessaly test. Methods A convenience sample of 60 healthy knees (35 participants) was examined and the data sets were collected from October 8, 2018 through February 8, 2019. Sonographic measurement of the degree of physiologic extrusion of the medial meniscus deep to the medial collateral ligament was taken by two examiners at six different loading phases: supine, standing, 5° knee-flexion with internal (IR)/external (ER) rotation and 20° knee-flexion with IR/ER. The difference in meniscal extrusion by knee position was compared with ANOVA. Interexaminer reproducibility assessment was analyzed using limits of agreement. Results The mean meniscal extrusion for each position was—supine: 2.3 ± 0.5 mm, standing: 2.8 ± 0.8 mm, 5° IR: 2.3 ± 0.9 mm, 5° ER: 2.4 ± 0.7 mm, 20° IR: 1.9 ± 0.8 mm, and 20° ER: 2.3 ± 0.7 mm. Significant increase in extrusion was observed from supine to standing (p < 0.05) and from 20° IR to 20° ER (p = 0.015). Significant decreased measurement was observed from standing to 5° IR (p < 0.05), 5° ER (p < 0.05), 20° IR (p < 0.05) and 20° ER (p < 0.05). There is no significant change between 5° IR and 5° ER (p = 1.0). Agreement parameters revealed that the differences between examiner measurements were minimal; 75% of both examiners’ meniscal extrusion measurements were within 1.0 mm with 97% of measurements falling within 2.0 mm. Conclusion Our study’s novel findings showed various degrees of physiological extrusion of the medial meniscus in asymptomatic knees during the loading phases involved in the Thessaly test. Physiological MME does exist and should not be defaulted to pathologic meniscus as previously described. Agreement parameters suggest that measurement of meniscal extrusion during the Thessaly test is reproducible between different examiners.

scholarly journals Projections of Tropical Fermat-Weber Points

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 3102
Author(s):  
Weiyi Ding ◽  
Xiaoxian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Random Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
R Language ◽  
Euclidean Metric ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

This paper is motivated by the difference between the classical principal component analysis (PCA) in a Euclidean space and the tropical PCA in a tropical projective torus as follows. In Euclidean space, the projection of the mean point of a given data set on the principle component is the mean point of the projection of the data set. However, in tropical projective torus, it is not guaranteed that the projection of a Fermat-Weber point of a given data set on a tropical polytope is a Fermat-Weber point of the projection of the data set. This is caused by the difference between the Euclidean metric and the tropical metric. In this paper, we focus on the projection on the tropical triangle (the three-point tropical convex hull), and we develop one algorithm and its improved version, such that for a given data set in the tropical projective torus, these algorithms output a tropical triangle, on which the projection of a Fermat-Weber point of the data set is a Fermat-Weber point of the projection of the data set. We implement these algorithms in R language and test how they work with random data sets. We also use R language for numerical computation. The experimental results show that these algorithms are stable and efficient, with a high success rate.

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