Attempted suicide and the experience of violence

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Whitlock ◽  
A. D. Broadhurst
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Chest Clinic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Suicidal Patients ◽  
Surgical Operations ◽  
Healthy Persons

SummarySome of the literature on the interrelationships between suicidal acts, accidents, surgical operations and other forms of violent experience is reviewed.It was postulated that persons making suicidal attempts would, more commonly than non-suicidal controls, have encountered violent experiences during their life-time. To test this hypothesis, 50 persons attempting suicide were compared with 50 non-suicidal psychiatric patients and with 50 healthy persons attending a chest clinic. The groups were matched for age, sex and social class.Using a questionnaire, all relevant data were recorded. Classes of violent experience were graded numerically on a basis of severity and on the degree of responsibility of the person involved. It was found that the suicidal patients had significantly higher violence scores than either control group, a finding which remained significant when previous suicidal attempts were excluded from the score. The possible implications of this finding are discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Expression of Personality Traits on Growing Intensity of Interdialytic Disorders and Change of Pro-Health Behaviours in CKD Patients.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lech ◽  
Lech Adrian ◽  
Niemczyk Stanisław ◽  
Lubas Arkadiusz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Healthy Persons

Abstract Background: Personality traits can change in the course of chronic disease and affect health behaviour.The aim of the work was to assess the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on the expression of personality traits and their relationship with more intense interdialytic disorders and change in health behaviours of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: A total of 200 participants were recruited for the research (84 F, 116 M; age 61 ±12 years): 160 patients with CKD stage G4-G5 and 40 healthy persons constituting a control group. A diagnostic poll method was used in the research employing the following questionnaires to collect socio-demographic and clinical data: Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Researcher’s Questionnaire Test.Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of personal traits at different stages of treatment. The patients in the pre-dialysis period revealed more openness to new experiences and more extraversion than those who were hemodialysed. The influence of factors resulting from CKD on the expression of personality traits increased with subsequent stages of treatment. Depression intensity, according to the Beck Depression Inventory, was not connected with the expression of personality traits. A higher frequency of reported interdialytic disorders was significantly related to a higher degree of openness and conscientiousness and a lower degree of agreeableness. Increased extraversion, conscientiousness and openness significantly correlated with more intense health behaviours.Conclusions: Personalities of patients with CKD change with subsequent stages of treatment and undergo the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors. Personalities affect the frequency of reported interdialytic disorders and revealed health behaviour.

The Relationship between Attempted Suicide, Depression and Parent Death

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (532) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Birtchnell
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parent Death ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Early Parent ◽  
Population Control Group ◽  
The Relationship

The present study is one of a series of investigations concerned with the relationship between parent death and mental illness. In previous studies (Birtchnell 1970 a and b) it has been shown that significantly more psychiatric patients, compared with a general population control group, experienced parent death during the first five years of life and during a period of one to five years before admission to hospital. It was further shown (Birtchnell 1970c) that within the patient group, though the incidence of early and recent parent death was similar among depressed and non-depressed patients, the severely depressed compared with the moderately depressed patients experienced sig- nificandy more parental bereavements during the first twenty years of life and during a period of one to twenty years before admission. In a large sample of depressed in-patients, Hill (1969) demonstrated a significant excess of early parent deaths in those who attempted suicide, and he suggested that this might be secondary to the association between early parent death and severe depression.

Suicidal Feelings in the General Population: A Prevalence Study

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (582) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Paykel ◽  
J. K. Myers ◽  
J. J. Lindenthal ◽  
J. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Suicidal Attempts

Feelings that life is not worth living and thoughts of suicide are common in psychiatric patients, particularly in depressives (Beck, 1967). Very little information is available, however, regarding the occurrence of suicidal feelings in the general population. In contrast, the epidemiology of completed suicide has received extensive study (Dublin, 1963), and there have been some epidemiological studies of attempted suicide (Shneidman and Farberow, 1961; Mintz, 1964; Parkin and Stengel, 1965). However, this information cannot automatically be generalized to suicidal feelings. It has been emphasized in recent years that suicidal phenomena are diverse, and that completed suicide, suicidal attempts, and suicidal feelings should not be equated (Stengel and Cook, 1958; Neuringer, 1962).

scholarly journals Lower Bispectral index values in psychiatric patients: A prospective, observational study

2014 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatapura Ramesh ◽  
Muthu Radhakrishnan ◽  
Rohini Thimmaiah ◽  
Kesavan Muralidharan ◽  
Jagadisha Thirthalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Background: Bispectral index score (BIS) is a processed electroencephalographic parameter used to measure level of sedation in anaesthetised patients. In few studies of psychiatric patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), it was observed that the BIS values were lower at baseline. It is not clear from those studies whether the BIS values are really low. Also, it is not clear whether the lower values are related to the primary psychiatric illness or the due to the effect of ECT. Therefore, we studied the BIS values in psychiatric illnesses and compared them with the normal controls. Materials and Methods: BIS index was recorded in 237 patients with various psychiatric illness (Group P) and 40 control patients without any psychiatric illness undergoing spinal surgery (Group C). BIS values were recorded in supine position before breakfast and before the morning doses of antipsychotic/benzodiazepine medications. It was recorded during resting state in all the subjects. Results: BIS values were lower in group P compared to control group (a mean of 89.8 ± 7.8 vs 95.7 ± 2.4, P < 0.0001). In the group P, the patients with psychosis and bipolar disorder had significantly lower BIS values than the patients with depression ( P= 0.04). Conclusions: BIS values in psychiatric patients are lower than those in the control group. Psychotic and bipolar disorders are associated with significantly lower BIS values than the depression.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Expression of Personality Traits on Growing Intensity of Interdialytic Disorders and Change of Pro-Health Behaviours in CKD Patients.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lech ◽  
Lech Adrian ◽  
Niemczyk Stanisław ◽  
Lubas Arkadiusz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Healthy Persons

Abstract Background: Personality traits can change in the course of chronic disease and affect health behaviour. The aim of the work was to assess the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on the expression of personality traits and their relationship with more intense interdialytic disorders and change in health behaviours of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: A total of 200 participants were recruited for the research (84 F, 116 M; age 61 ±12 years): 160 patients with CKD stage G4-G5 and 40 healthy persons constituting a control group. A diagnostic poll method was used in the research employing the following questionnaires to collect socio-demographic and clinical data: Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory and Researcher’s Questionnaire Test.Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of personal traits at different stages of treatment. The patients in the pre-dialysis period revealed more openness to new experiences and more extraversion than those who were hemodialysed. The influence of factors resulting from CKD on the expression of personality traits increased with subsequent stages of treatment. Depression intensity, according to the Beck Depression Inventory, was not connected with the expression of personality traits. A higher frequency of reported interdialytic disorders was significantly related to a higher degree of openness and conscientiousness and a lower degree of agreeableness. Increased extraversion, conscientiousness and openness significantly correlated with more intense health behaviours.Conclusions: Personalities of patients with CKD change with subsequent stages of treatment and undergo the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors. Personalities affect the frequency of reported interdialytic disorders and revealed health behaviour.

scholarly journals IL-4 POLYMORPHISM IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Elchin Mammad oglu Huseynov
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Persons

Currently, there are isolated data on the relationship between IL-4 polymorphism (C-589T) and susceptibility to brucellosis. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of polymorphism of IL-4 (C-589T) in patients with acute brucellosis. Materials and methods: the article presents the results of surveys of 120 patients with acute brucellosis. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy persons. The diagnosis of brucellosis was based on complaints, anamnesis, epidemiological and clinical data, and the results of a specific study. The definition of the polymorphism of IL-4 (C-589T) was performed for all patients in the main and control group. A detailed description of patients with brucellosis is presented. Among the observed prevailed men and young people of working age. Results: A mild degree was established in 74 (61.66 %) patients, while severe - only in 11 (9.17 %) patients. It was determined that the genotype CT (65.83 %) was significantly more common among patients with brucellosis than in the control group, where the frequency of this genotype was only 16.66 %. While the CC genotype was 3.2 times more common among healthy individuals than among patients in the main group (76.67 % versus 24.17 %), it was found that the CC genotype of the IL-4 gene was 13 times more common in patients for acute brucellosis with mild progress than with severe. Conclusions: The genotype IL-4 (C-589T) SS is significantly associated with the mild course of brucellosis.

Analysis of Deliberate Self-Wrist-Cutting Episodes Presenting to the Emergency Department

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Kim ◽  
Han Joon Kim ◽  
Soo Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang Hoon Oh ◽  
Kyu Nam Park
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Abstract. Background: Previous suicide attempts increase the risk of a completed suicide. However, a large proportion of patients with deliberate self-wrist cutting (DSWC) are often discharged without undergoing a psychiatric interview. Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in the characteristics and outcomes of patients with DSWC and those with deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) episodes. The results of this study may be used to improve the efficacy of treatment for DSWC patients. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 598 patients with DSWC and DSP who were treated at the emergency department of Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital between 2008 and 2013. We assessed sociodemographic information, clinical variables, the reasons for the suicide attempts, and the severity of the suicide attempts. Results: A total of 141 (23.6%) patients were included in the DSWC group, and 457 (76.4%) were included in the DSP group. A significantly greater number of patients in the DSWC group had previously attempted suicide (p = .014). A total of 63 patients (44.7%) in the DSWC group and 409 patients (89.5%) in the DSP group underwent psychiatric interviews. Conclusion: More DSWC patients had previously attempted suicide, but fewer of them underwent psychiatric interviews compared with the DSP patients.

Outreach Psychiatric Emergency Service

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Remco F. P. de Winter ◽  
Mirjam C. Hazewinkel ◽  
Roland van de Sande ◽  
Derek P. de Beurs ◽  
Marieke H. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency Services ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency Service ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Abstract. Background: Outreach psychiatric emergency services play an important role in all stages of a suicidal crisis; however, empirical assessment data are scarce. This study describes characteristics of patients assessed by these services and involved in suicidal crises. Method: During a 5-year period, detailed information from psychiatric emergency service assessments was recorded; 14,705 assessments were included. Characteristics of patients with/without suicidal behavior and with/without suicide attempts were compared. Outcomes were adjusted for clustering of features within individual patients. Results: Suicidal behavior was assessed in 32.2% of patients, of whom 9.2% attempted suicide. Suicidal behavior was most commonly associated with depression or adjustment disorder and these patients were referred to the service by a general practitioner or a general hospital, whereas those who attempted suicide were less likely to be referred by a general practitioner. Those who attempted suicide were more likely to be female and have had a referral by a general hospital. Self-poisoning by medication was the most common method of attempting suicide. Limitations: Bias could be due to missed or incomplete assessments. Primary diagnoses were based on clinical observation at the time of the assessment or on the primary diagnosis previously recorded. In addition, suicidal behavior or attempted suicide might have been underestimated. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior is commonplace in assessments by psychiatric emergency services. Suicidal patients with/without a suicide attempt differed with respect to demographic features, primary diagnoses, and referring entities, but not with respect to treatment policy. About 40% of the suicidal patients with/without an attempt were admitted following assessment.

ZINC IN THE RATIONS OF CALVES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hair Cortex

According to the Tambovagrochemcenter data, zinc deficiency in animal rations exceeds 33%. To de-termine the efficiency of ration additives 3 groups of calves were formed, one of which was control and received regular feed, first test group received additional Zinc Sulphate, and second test group received additional Zinc Bioplex. To assess the results, we take into account the following values: chemical com-position and nutritional values of the feed, body mass value, amount of immunoglobulins in blood, bio-chemical and hematological values of blood, morphological values of fur and skin. Noticeable results were achieved in 4 months, with first and second test groups receiving accordingly 3,15% and 6,13% more body mass increase over the control group. A tendency towards higher albumin concentration in both test groups was noted, and calves of the second test group had higher amounts of hemoglobin and higher concentrations of it per erythrocyte. In samples of epidermis and hairs of the second test group the papillary layer was well developed, with the amount of hair and hair follicles exceeding 7 in the field of view, with the thickness of hairs being at least 70 μm. Inner papilla of hair contained 6 to 8 layers of hair, thickness of awn hairs reaching 80-90 μm, down hairs reaching 40 μm, with the hair cortex making up more than 80% of the hair thickness. Thus, introducing zinc salts and chelated zinc compounds to the milk-fed calves’ ration, has resulted in monetary profit increases over the control group by 255,0 and 612,0 roubles accordingly. By all researched values, the highest results were reached from adding zinc bioplex with approximately 360 mg added per animal for the entire duration of the growth process.

The Effect of Cognitive Remediation Therapy on Social Skills in Institutionalized Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mohammadi ◽  
Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽  
Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi ◽  
Shahnaz Boosepasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Remediation Therapy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly

Background: There are limited scientific investigations on cognitive remediation in elderly patients with schizophrenia. The present study was aimed to examine the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills in institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The study employed a randomized clinical trial. A total of 60 institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia from Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran were selected and randomly allocated into two equal groups (control and intervention). The intervention group attended to cognitive remediation therapy for 8 weeks. The Evaluation of Living Skills Scale for psychiatric patients was used for data collection. The Chi Square, independent and paired t-tests using SPSS, version 22, were employed to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of 60 elderly patients participated in the study was 65.25 &#177; 4.19 years. No significant differences were found between two groups at baseline. However, independent t-tests showed significant differences between the intervention and the control group in social skills after implementation of intervention. Additionally, the results of paired t-tests revealed significant improvements in intervention group on communication skills (t=5.50, p<0.001), behavioral problems with others (t=5.44, p<0.001), and self-care (t=4.70, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed from pretest to post test in control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study may support the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills of elderly patients with schizophrenia.

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