An investigation of the age at menopause

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja McKinlay ◽  
Margot Jefferys ◽  
Barbara Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Data from a representative sample of 736 women aged 45–54 living in or near London in 1965 were analysed with respect to menopausal status and median and mean age at menopause (final menses). The median age at the natural menopause was 50·78 years. The validity of the measures used and the reliability of the data in this and previous studies are discussed. The conclusions are reached that median age of menopause is a more valid measurement than mean age and that there is no conclusive evidence of an increase in the age at menopause over the last century. The data also indicate understatement of the age at the last menstrual period (LMP) by women, with increasing lapse of time.The menopause was found to occur markedly later in currently married women than in unmarried or previously married women. When marital status was controlled by considering currently married women only, increased parity was shown to be related to a late menopause among women of higher socio-economic status, but not among those of lower socio-economic status. There was no notable association between the menopause and early or late menarche and socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis in Married females

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Suha A. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

The aim of this study was to identify the main risk factors with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in married women that have vaginal discharge. The study include (250) female who attended Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital (Gynecological Clinics), through the period from February 2010 to July 2010.Patients female were subjected for a special questionnaire sheet. The study has found that (65) females were infected with this parasite from total (250), who were complaining from vaginal discharge with infection rate 26%.Higher infection rate was recorded between pregnant female was 17.2% while non-pregnant women 8.8% .The main age group of infected women concentrated in (20-29 years) in which rate were 12.83% and 11.76% in pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively.According to educational level and socio-economic status, the study recorded higher percentage 50.76% between illiterate women and with low socio-economic status 63.07%.The highest infection with Trichomonas vaginalis obtained from women with white to gray discharge 58.46% and with bad odor 81.53%.Depending on residency, in rural residence the high percentage of infection were recorded 63.07% while comparing with urban 36.93%.Considering to contraceptive types which used by women 47.69% for IUDs, followed by 32.31% for contraceptive pills and low percentage for condom 20%.

Smoking, nicotine dependence and nicotine intake by socio-economic status and marital status

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjaana Pennanen ◽  
Ulla Broms ◽  
Tellervo Korhonen ◽  
Ari Haukkala ◽  
Timo Partonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Nicotine Intake ◽  
Socio Economic Status

scholarly journals Demographic insights into the Jat population of Haryana

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3112
Author(s):  
Ketaki Chandiok ◽  
Gurjinder Kaur Brar ◽  
Benrithurg Murry ◽  
Prakash Ranjan Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Past

Demography is the science of populations that seeks to understand population dynamics in light of the population structure and its socio-economic makeup. The present study was conducted to understand the demographic profile of Jat community of Haryana. The data were collected from 15 Jat dominated villages in different months of the year 2011-2013 from 1158 households comprising 7162 individuals using pretested interview schedules. The research included various parameters like sex ratio, literacy rate, occupational status, marital status, socio-economic status of the studied population. The results revealed that the Jat population has experienced decline in fertility rate in the past few years. Median age of present population comes out to be 25 years which is lesser than national population, showing that population of Haryana is a young population. The sex ratio of the presently studied population was found to be low as compared to the state and country’s estimate. Almost one fourth of the population was found to be illiterate (23.87%) with a higher percentage of females (35.58%) as compared to the males (11.1%). Majority of the women participate in agriculture (31.4%) or home makers (40.82%) and almost half of the males (43.87 %) are practicing agriculture.

Comportements et motivations des électeurs liégeois lors du scrutin du 13 octobre 1985

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-306
Author(s):  
René Doutrelepont
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Political ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Vote Decision ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
French Speaking

During the Belgian legislative elections on 13 october 1985, the Centre Liégeois d'Etudes de l'Opinion (CLEO), University of Liège, polled voters leaving the voting booths. The objective was to determine the characteristics of electors of the various parties according to the usual criteria of identification (sex, age, socio-economic status, education, religion, revenue, previous votes). The motives and wishes of the voters were also recorded (problems influencing the final vote decision, timing of the decision, attitude toward the incumbent government, type of coalition desired for the new government). The poll consisted of a representative sample of one thousand French speaking voters in the province of Liège.Most of the article presents the results obtained by cross-tabulating various identifying and motive variables with the political parties. In this way, we measure and demonstrate the relative importance of all the independent variables on the distribution of votes, except for sex which seems have little influence.

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Sertraline in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Salimi Kordasiabi ◽  
Tanin Daneshzad ◽  
Afsaneh Aminpour
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most critical issues of global health organizations. The aim of study was comparison of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Sertraline with Sertraline alone in general anxiety disorder.Material and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed randomly among patients referring to the specialty psychiatric clinic of Imam Sajjad Hospital, Ramsar. Group 1 received cognitive-behavioral sessions in combination with Sertraline and Group 2, received only drug (starting at a daily dose of 25 mg and after the one-week dose was increased to 50 mg, and then, according to the patient's examination and response, the treatment gradually increased to 150 mg daily). Patients were assessed with Beck Anxiety Questionnaire before and after the end of treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups treated with Sertraline + CBT and Sertraline alone in terms of gender, marital status, socio-economic status, educational status, occupational status, and degree of anxiety before and after the study (P < 0.05). In Sertraline + CBT group, there was no significant relationship between gender and educational level, job status, socio-economic status and marital status of patients with severity of anxiety after treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that treatment of Sertraline + CBT with Sertraline alone would not result in a further reduction in the anxiety score and degree of anxiety in patients, and this treatment was not related to gender, marital status, socio-economic status, and the degree of patients.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the academic performance of student nurses: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Alshammari ◽  
Reynita Saguban ◽  
Eddieson Pasay-an ◽  
Ahmed Altheban ◽  
Layla Al-Shammari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference

The academic performance of the student nurses is by the assessment of competence, defined by a student’s ability to demonstrate the performance of professional skills or behaviors. Despite its predictabilities, there is no study has been undertaken to determine the factors affecting the academic performance of student nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study employed a quantitative-correlational design. There were 201 student nurses from the College of Nursing at University of Hail selected using convenience sampling. A modified survey questionnaire was utilized to gather data. The said questionnaire was subjected to pilot testing. Content validation and reliability test were conducted using a Cronbach Alpha which revealed a value of 0.940. Four types of factors such teacher-related with a mean 4.16, student-related (3.85), school-related (3.85), and home-related factors (3.54) were observed to have varying extent of effect on the academic performance of student nurses. Likewise age, gender, year level, marital status, socio-economic status and previous school attended by the student nurses showed varying extent of influence on their academic performance. A significant difference in the extent of effect gender has on the academic performance of student nurses as indicated by a t-value of 3.591 been revealed. Whereas, no significant difference was observed on the extent of effect type of school attended had on the academic performance of the student nurses as indicated by a t-value of 0.846; p-value: .398, age (t-value: 1.768; p-value: .155); year level (t-value: 0.530; p-value: .589); marital status (t-value: 1.813; p-value: .166), and socio-economic status (t-value: 0.031; p-value: .970). The identified factors significantly impact on the academic performance of student nurses. This finding is significant as it can be used by school administrators and teachers alike as basis in designing and implementing an intervention program geared towards an improved academic performance among student nurses.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status differences in older people's use of informal and formal help: a comparison of four European countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJOLEIN BROESE van GROENOU ◽  
KAREN GLASER ◽  
CECILIA TOMASSINI ◽  
THÉRÈSE JACOBS
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Older People ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
National Differences

This study investigates the variations by older people's socio-economic status (SES) (i.e. educational level and social class) in the use of informal and formal help from outside the household in Great Britain, Italy, Belgium and The Netherlands. In all these countries, it was older people in low SES groups who mostly used such help. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that, in each country and for both types of help, there were SES gradients in the utilisation of both formal and informal care, and that differences in age, health and marital status largely accounted for the former but not the latter. Cross-national differences in the use of both informal and formal help remained when variations in sex, age, SES, health, marital status, home ownership and the use of privately-paid help were taken into account. Significant interaction effects were found, which indicated that older people in low SES groups in Great Britain and The Netherlands had higher odds of using informal help from outside the household than their counterparts in Italy, and similarly that those in The Netherlands were more likely to use formal help than their Italian peers. The results are discussed in relation to the cultural differences and variations in the availability of formal services among the countries.

scholarly journals Academic Cheating among Adolescents in relation to Socio-Economic Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. Ashok K. Kalia ◽  
Mr. Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Schools ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Academic Cheating ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Academic cheating is a phenomenon present at all levels of education. The present study has tried to explore the academic cheating among adolescents with different levels of socio-economic status. A representative sample of 300 (150 male and 150 female) adolescents from urban and rural schools of five districts in Haryana was randomly selected. Academic Cheating Scale by Kalia & Kirandeep (2011) and Socio-economic Status Scale by Kalia & Sahu (2012) were used to assess academic cheating and socio-economic status of adolescents. ANNOVA followed by t-test was applied to study significant difference in academic cheating among adolescents with different levels of socio-economic status. The study revealed that adolescents having High socio-economic status were found to be significantly higher on academic cheating in comparison with adolescents having Low socio-economic. Similar results were observed for Male, Urban and Rural adolescents for same groups‟ comparison. No significant difference was found among female adolescents having high socio-economic status, middle socio-economic status and low socio-economic status. However no significant difference was observed for rest of groups‟ comparison.

scholarly journals Elderly’s perceived social support

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Anuradha M. ◽  
Pushpa K.
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The study was conducted to know the perceived social support of elderly of Dharwad, Karnataka and Sibsagar district of Assam. A differential research design was used to compare the perceived social support of elderly residing in rural areas of Northern Karnataka and Upper Assam. The sample of the study 60 constituted 60 elderly aged 60 years and above, were randomly selected from two rural areas namely Kuburgatti (Dharwad district) and Halwating (Sibsagar district), comprising of 30 samples (15 male and 15 female) from each area. The tools used were the self structured questionnaire, Socio Economic Status (Aggarwal et al., 2005) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988). The result showed that 51.66 per cent of elderly of both the regions received high support from their spouse, family and friends, followed by 40.00 per cent who reported moderate support and 8.33 per cent who reported low support. Significant relationship was found between family type, family size, marital status, education, occupation, socio-economic status and perceived social support of elderly. Thus, age, education, occupation, marital status, family type, family size and socio-economic status might be the associated factors for perceived social support among older people. Apart from spouse, family members and friends also played non-negligible roles on the elderly’s wellbeing. Frequencies of contacting with family members and friends were more strongly associated with life satisfaction, happiness, and self esteem of the elderly.

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