Sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice of undergraduates at Oxford University

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Anderson ◽  
K. McPherson ◽  
N. Beeching ◽  
J. Weinberg ◽  
M. Vessey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Free Distribution ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contraceptive Practice

SummaryAt the end of the 4th week of the Hilary Term 1977, 1006 male and 1009 female undergraduates at Oxford University were sent a questionnaire enquiring about their sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice. Of the 862 women and 634 men who replied, 512 women (59%) and 332 men (52%) had experienced sexual intercourse, 396 women and 191 men in the 4-week period preceding receipt of the questionnaire. No contraception had been used by 27% of the women on the first occasion that they had had intercourse; during the 4-week period preceding receipt of the questionnaire 10% of sexually active women had had intercourse on one or more occasions without using a contraceptive. The use of contraception increased with the frequency of intercourse and the stability of the relationship. Thirty-one women had been pregnant in the past; none was known to be pregnant at the time of the survey, although sixteen suspected that they might be. Ninety per cent of the students approved of the free distribution of a booklet on contraception and related matters to all undergraduates.

Sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice at Oxford and Aberdeen universities

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Colin McCance
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contraceptive Practice

SummaryAt the end of the fourth week of the Spring term 1982, 730 female undergraduates at Aberdeen University and 744 female under-graduates at Oxford University were sent a questionnaire enquiring about their sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice. Of the 978 unmarried women who replied, 507 (52%) had experienced sexual intercourse. No contraception had been used by 31% of the women on the first occasion that they had had intercourse; during the 4-week period preceding receipt of the questionnaire 14% of sexually active women had had intercourse on one or more occasions without a contraceptive. Twenty-nine women had been pregnant in the past; two women were known to be pregnant at the time of the survey and twelve women thought that they might be. These findings are discussed and some recommendations are put forward.

Sexual behaviour, contraceptive practice and knowledge of AIDS of Oxford University students

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Turner ◽  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Ray Fitzpatrick ◽  
Godfrey Fowler ◽  
Richard Mayon-White
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Aids Virus ◽  
Contraceptive Practice

SummaryIn summer 1987, 584 students at Oxford University were sent a questionnaire enquiring about their sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice, and about the effect that AIDS has had on these. Of the 374 students who replied, 65% of the women and 62% of the men had experienced sexual intercourse. Twenty-seven per cent of female undergraduates did not use adequate contraception on the first occasion of intercourse. During the 4-week period preceding the questionnaire, 15% of sexually active female undergraduates did not use adequate contraception. The use of contraception has changed over the last 5 years, with fewer students using oral contraceptives as their most frequent means of contraception and more using barrier methods. In general, knowledge about AIDS was high. Most students did not consider that they were at risk of becoming infected by the AIDS virus and, by their reported sexual behaviour, very few students appeared to be at any risk. However, 35% of women and 44% of men who were sexually active said that because of risk of AIDS they had been more likely to use the sheath, and 49% of women and 30% of men said that they had, or would have, fewer partners. These findings suggest that attitudes, and possibly behaviour, are changing towards a reduction in risks of sexually transmitted infection.

Significant Elements in the Relationship of Long-Married Couples

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Perception Of Health ◽  
The Relationship

A descriptive study of factors in the lifestyle of fifty couples married an average of 55.5 years and an average age of seventy-nine years provided data for this report. The non-random sample was heterogeneous using traditional socio-economic indicators. Life-Satisfaction (LSI-Z), Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment scores, and perception of health were all high. More than half the sample were now or had been sexually active within the past five years. Independence, commitment, companionship and qualities of caring were significant elements in these long-lasting marriages.

VICTORIAN MELODRAMA AND THE PERFORMANCE OF POVERTY

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Victorian Culture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

QUESTIONSABOUT THE PERFORMATIVE NATURE of Victorian culture have received extended attention in the past decade or so as critics have begun to examine the relationship between representation and subjectivity.1 By and large, such studies have fruitfully problematized our received assumptions about the private character of the Victorians. At the same time, however, they have also implicitly privileged the middle-class frames of reference that shape the distinction, for even as they complicate our understanding of performance by calling into question the distinction between public and private modes, critics who take up such issues tend not to question the stability of the categories of experience under scrutiny. As a result, while we gain important new insights into the cultural formation of identity or genre underwritten by the separation of public and private spheres, we also risk reading all Victorians as if their relationships to such ideological formations were identical with those of the emerging middle class.

scholarly journals Resilience and reactivity of global food security

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 6902-6907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Suweis ◽  
Joel A. Carr ◽  
Amos Maritan ◽  
Andrea Rinaldo ◽  
Paolo D’Odorico
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food System ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Country Specific

The escalating food demand by a growing and increasingly affluent global population is placing unprecedented pressure on the limited land and water resources of the planet, underpinning concerns over global food security and its sensitivity to shocks arising from environmental fluctuations, trade policies, and market volatility. Here, we use country-specific demographic records along with food production and trade data for the past 25 y to evaluate the stability and reactivity of the relationship between population dynamics and food availability. We develop a framework for the assessment of the resilience and the reactivity of the coupled population–food system and suggest that over the past two decades both its sensitivity to external perturbations and susceptibility to instability have increased.

scholarly journals Interdistrict Migration Relations, their Features and Measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Leonid Rybakovskiy ◽  
Nataliya Kozhevnikova ◽  
Vladimir Savinkov
Keyword(s):  
Population Movements ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Population Numbers

The Object of the Study. Migration processes in Rossiya.The Subject of the Study. Interdistrict migration links. The Purpose of the Study. Identifying the features of interdistrict migration exchange and justifying adequate indicators for its measurement.The Main Provisions of the Article. The article reveals how and when scientific ideas about the spatial patterns of migration processes that took place in the past and at present appeared, and about the subsequent interpretation of this knowledge and the creation of adequate indicators for their measurement have arisen. The paper shows the importance in the total migration turnover of internal migrations, interregional movements, in particular. Interregional migrations include population movements between administrative and territorial entities. In Rossiya, regions with independent status were adopted as such “migration” entities, i.e. which are subjects of the Russiyskaya Federatsiya. In its turn, migration flows between them break up into smaller interregional flows. All of them, like the general migration flows, differ in their scale, structure, directions and results. The article discusses existing approaches to studying the nature of migration flows, determining their directions and values, it is stressed that as early as at the end of the nineteenth century the idea was expressed about a relationship between population size, distance, as well as the forces of attraction and repulsion. It is noted that in the domestic literature, the clarification of the relationship between migration processes and the factors determining their scope and direction has begun since the 60s of the last century. At the same time, a special indicator has been created to level the influence of different population numbers in different regions on the assessment of the significance of interregional migration flows. The possibilities of using this gauge for present day interregional migrations are shown on the example of two regions of Rossiya with the publication of the matrix of coefficients of interdistrict migration links for 1966-1969 allowing to compare them with the data for 2015-2017 and accordingly confirm the stability of these relationships.

scholarly journals Kesalehan dan Politik: Islam Indonesia

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Azyumardi Azra
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Leaders

Thomas B. Pepinsky, R. William Liddle, and Saiful Mujani. 2018. Piety and Public Opinion: Understanding Indonesian Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press Saiful Mujani, R. William Liddl, and Kuskridho Ambardi. 2018. Voting Behavior in Indonesia since Democratization: Critical Democrats. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This article aims to review two books written by four foremost scholars in the field of political science. In the context of understanding Islam and the culture of democracy, these two books can answer questions that are often discussed, that is the relationship between religious piety and political behavior in Indonesia. Quantitatively, 99.7% of total Muslims in Indonesia state that religion is an important element in their lives. However, in terms of political preferences, this fact does not have implications for the votes obtained by Islamic-based political parties, especially in the post-Soeharto elections. They, instead of carrying out their own candidates, tend to be supporters in the presidential election and local leaders elections. To figure out this puzzle, these books are very pivotal works to understand the relationship between Islamic piety and politics. Both of these books show that there has been an increase in the level of piety of the Indonesian Muslims in the past two or three decades. However, creating piety does not affect their political behavior - specifically their voting behavior in elections.

scholarly journals Clinically significant depressive symptoms and sexual behaviour among men who have sex with men

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada R. Miltz ◽  
Alison J. Rodger ◽  
Janey Sewell ◽  
Andrew Speakman ◽  
Andrew N. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between depression and sexual behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM) is poorly understood.AimsTo investigate prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10) and the relationship between depressive symptoms and sexual behaviour among MSM reporting recent sex.MethodThe Attitudes to and Understanding of Risk of Acquisition of HIV (AURAH) is a cross-sectional study of UK genitourinary medicine clinic attendees without diagnosed HIV (2013–2014).ResultsAmong 1340 MSM, depressive symptoms (12.4%) were strongly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and lower supportive network. Adjusted for key sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms were associated with measures of condomless sex partners in the past 3 months (≥2 (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.17–1.74; P=0.001), unknown or HIV-positive status (PR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20–1.71; P<0.001)), sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis (PR 1.46, 95% CI 1.19–1.79; P<0.001) and post-exposure prophylaxis use in the past year (PR 1.83, 95% CI 1.33–2.50; P<0.001).ConclusionsManagement of mental health may play a role in HIV and STI prevention.

scholarly journals Determinants of Sexual Behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lalor ◽  
Cathal O'Regan ◽  
Siobhán Quinlan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age Category

A sample of 247 college students were surveyed regarding their experiences of consensual sexual experiences below age 16; experiences of ‘boyfriend/girlfriend’ relationships; experiences of lifetime sexual activity and sexual orientation. By age 16, 12 per cent of respondents have had intercourse. Males are one and half to two times more likely than females to report sexual experiences below age 16. Those with urban origins are significantly more likely to report having had sexual experiences before age 16 than those with rural origins. The period 18–20 is characterised by short term dating, leading to much longer lasting relationships in the 21+ age category. For 18–20 year olds, 50.5 per cent report having had sexual intercourse (57 per cent of males and 47.7 per cent of females). Respondents from Dublin city or county are more likely to report having had sexual intercourse than those from a rural/farm background (64 percent and 39 per cent respectively). A surprising trend was the apparently chaste nature of boyfriend/girlfriend relationships in the 18–20 age group. This study examined only sexual experiences. Further research is required to examine the relationship contexts of various sexual experiences.

Sexual behaviours and associated risks in Chinese young people: a meta-analysis

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-ming Yu ◽  
Shuai-jun Guo ◽  
Yu-ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sexual Behaviours

Background The earlier and unprotected sexual behaviour of young Chinese, and the consequences of these actions, have become a health concern, posing a challenge to traditional Chinese concepts. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in sexual behaviour and associated risks among adolescents and young people in mainland China over the past three decades. Methods: A meta-analysis was undertaken to comprehensively review the sexual behaviour of Chinese young people (aged from 10 to 24 years) over the past 30 years. Relevant data published from 1979 to 2009 in the Chinese literature database were identified and retrieved. Analysis was performed based on set criteria. Results: Seventy-five studies were identified that were published after 1990. Overall, the estimated prevalence of sexual intercourse among young people was 12.6%, with an average age at sexual debut of 19.4 years. The rate of condom use at sexual debut was 37.2%; 53.6% of young people reported not using a condom during the most recent act of sexual intercourse. The rates of unintentional pregnancy and abortion among the sexually active were 15.1% and 10.8%, respectively. Reviewing the data according to decades revealed that the number of young people engaging in sexual intercourse decreased from 14.3% in 1990–1999 to 11.8% in 2000–2009. However, these rates are higher than the prevalence of sexual activity reported before 1990, which, according to sporadic studies, did not exceeded 1%. Conclusions: There have been increases in sexual activity and high-risk sexual behaviour in Chinese young people in the decades since the adoption of the open door policy in China, particularly since the mid-1990s. High-risk sexual behaviours have contributed to certain adverse consequences in adolescents and young people, such as unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmissible infection. Thus, efficacious intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented.

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