scholarly journals Multilevel analysis of anemia levels among reproductive age groups of women in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212098737
Author(s):  
Enyew Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
The Rich

Introduction: Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration falls below 11 g/dL. It impairs health and well-being in women and increases the risk of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. The availability of local information on the magnitude and associated factors has a major role in the management and control of anemia in women contributing to reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: The purpose of this study was to see regional impacts and influencing factors related to the anemia among women in Ethiopia using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. The anemia level among women aged 15–49 years ( n = 5133) using the multilevel ordinal logistic regression model was analyzed. Results: In the study, 37.4% of women in Ethiopia had no anemia, above one-third percent (34.4%) of women had moderate anemia, and approximately 4% women’s anemia level was severe. The 27.1% of variation of anemia was due to between-region variations. The odds of being normal weight in the greater category of anemia level were 0.59 times less likely as compared to underweight women. The higher levels of anemia were increased by 2.31 for pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women. Having work being in greater anemia levels was 0.88 times less likely as compared to had no work. Older women (35–49 years) in higher anemia levels were 2.1 times more likely as compared to younger women. The women living in the rural area being in the greater category anemia levels were 1.53 times more likely as compared to women living in the urban area. The higher level of anemia in the rich quintile was 0.72 times less likely to the higher level of anemia as compared in the poor quintile women. Conclusion: Pregnant women in Ethiopia are more exposed for the higher anemia level and women live in rural area have the greater anemia level.

Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Habeeb ◽  
Manju Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Anxiety Disorders in Pregnant Women: Causes and How to Overcome Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Due Van Que ◽  
Dung Hau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Working Status

The article explains the origins of anxiety disorders during pregnancy, and their treatment. Pregnant women's anxiety is normally manifests itself as emotions, perceptions, and behaviors, which is mediated by biological, social, and genetic influences. Probability analysis is done of this kind. Using a survey of 1500 rural residents as a random number between 100 and 1600 produces a 200% response rate. those findings revealed that 60% of the participants had adequate reproductive age and 51% had mild to moderate anxiety, and 78.4% had high anxiety. The reasons leading to pregnant women's anxiety include their age, working status, lack of care from a boyfriend, having had previously given birth, and their wellbeing before becoming pregnant, all of the woman's family members, and maternal well-being. To resolve this is by sufficient relaxation, anti-depressants, a safe diet, and physical exercise, along with learning how to behave more positively, and by means of ourselves, or through prantal massage.

scholarly journals Study on factors affecting fertility of Bangladeshi women

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Nadia Begum ◽  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Sultana Begum ◽  
Mehruba Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Factors Affecting

This is a cross sectional study conducted among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (CMWRA) with a sample size of 476 selected purposively using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2018 at Moulvibazar Sadar to explore the factors affecting fertility. The result shows that 55.26% respondents were within 35 years age whereas only 4.28% from age group 46-49 years age group, 33% of the respondents got married at <16 years of age and 18.70% were illiterate, 47.90% had primary education. It is evident that 76% of the respondents were from rural area; 88% were Muslims, 29.41% from lower middle class followed by upper middle class (25.42%) and poorest comprised only 7.56%. The result explored that 73.91% of the respondents were from age group 41-45 got married before 16 years of age followed by 36-40 years (68.24%), 46-49 years (66%), 20-25 and 26-30 years age groups 52.38% and 52.75% respectively; 73.33% of respondents from rural area got married at <16 years of age, 68.42% of the Muslim at <16 years. The study explored that 96.39% from poorer section and 83.33% from poorest section got married at <16 years of age. Current study revealed that 82.91% of the respondents having secondary education got married before 16 years of age followed by illiterate (82.02%). It is explored that the age at marriage is statistically associated with residence, education, wealth index and religion (p= 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the sociodemographic condition contributes mostly to fertility differentials in Bangladesh.

Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Methods Use in Piple, Chitwan of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Rajani Shah ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Malla
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Living Children

 Background: Family planning contributes in preventing maternal and child mortality and empowers women. For the past ten years contraceptive prevalence rate has remained stagnant in Nepal. This study aimed at iden­tifying the use and factors associated with modern contraceptive methods in Piple, Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Piple village development com­mittee was selected purposively, in which two wards were randomly se­lected. Married women of reproductive age (n=332) of each household were interviewed. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results: About half (49%) of the respondents had used a modern contra­ceptive method. Women in the age groups 25-39 years [aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.16 - 4.92] and 40-49 years [aOR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.71 - 12.70] were more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to the women in the age group 15-24 years. Similarly, women having 3 or more living children [aOR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.19 - 7.50] were more likely to use the modern contracep­tives than women with upto two children. Women whose husbands would approve of using the contraceptives [aOR: 11.33; 95% CI: 3.93-32.62] were more likely to use the methods than those who got or perceived no ap­proval from husband. Conclusions: Information and service on modern contraceptive methods should be focused to younger women. Involvement of husbands in family planning program would contribute to use of modern contraceptives by women.

Sociodemographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Household Socioeconomic Status

SummaryThis study investigates the socio-demographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh. It is based on household socioeconomic information collected in the 1974 census and registration data on births, deaths and migrations for the period 1974–79 from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Ownership of selected household items was considered in the analysis as an indicator of household socioeconomic status. Mortality was 62% higher during the famine period and 31% higher during the post-famine period compared to the non-famine period. The mortality of both the poor and the rich increased during the famine period, by 117% and 28% respectively compared to the non-famine period. The poor suffered significantly in all age groups except 5–14 years, while the rich suffered only for ages 65 and over. Poor males suffered more than poor females except for ages 65 and over, while rich females suffered more than rich males except for ages under 1 year.

scholarly journals Predicting under- and overnutrition among women of reproductive age: a population-based study in central Java, Indonesia

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Winkvist ◽  
Detty Siti Nurdiati ◽  
Hans Stenlund ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Central Java

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate changes over 1 year in weight and body mass index (BMI) among a population-based sample of non-pregnant women in Indonesia and to identify risk factors for developing under- and overnutrition.DesignCross-sectional studies in 1996 and 1997 in the same population.SettingPurworejo District, central Java, Indonesia.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (n = 4132) aged 15–49 years of age who participated in both 1996 and 1997. Based on BMI, women were classified as having chronic energy deficiency (CED), and as being either of normal weight or obese.ResultsThe mean height of the women was below the fifth percentile of international standards. In 1996, 16.2% had CED, 72.2% were normal and 11.6% were obese. In 1997, the corresponding figures were 14.4%, 71.2% and 14.3%, respectively, revealing a significant mean increase in weight and BMI. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 3.0% developed CED in 1997. Significant risk factors for developing CED were experiences of child deaths and non-use of contraceptives. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 5.3% developed obesity in 1997. Here, significant risk factors included most indicators of wealth as well as occupation.ConclusionsThe results should be important for future efforts to prevent CED and obesity in the general population; conditions which are both associated with health risks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Hemoglobin Concentration in Pregnant and Neonatal Birth Wight

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Abdul Faris ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Abdullah ◽  
Veni Hadju
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
The Impact

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a public health problem especially in developing countries and it is associated with maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes.  Global data shows that 56% of pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries have anemia. Every year more than 20 million infants are born with low birth weigh t(LBW) worldwide. Objective: To analyze the impact of Multi Micronutrients (MM) supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb) levels of pregnant women and infant birth weight. Method: The databases used to obtain the literature were PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and PubMed Central. The keywords used were Multiple Micronutrien Supplementation, Hemoglobin, Pregnant and Neonatal Birth Weght in studies published from 2010 to 2020. A total of 14 articles were used in this review. Results: Seven articles obtained about the effects of multiple micronutrients on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Six studies support that MM supplementation increases hemoglobin levels or prevents pregnant women from anemia. One study showed a significant increase in serum ferritin One study reported ferritin levels in the MM group as well as the fe-folic acid group did not experience a significant decrease. There is only one study that shows the opposite results, which the mean maternal hemoglobin level significantly decreased during study, being the lowest in second trimester. Ferritin and serum iron levels were decreased at trimester one and two, also the zinc and vitamin D level declined. Seven articles show the effect of MM supplementation on pregnancy outcomes is better than Fe-folic acid supplementation. This can be seen in the results reported from various studies that have been carried out, which are reduce the incidence of LBW, small for gestational age, preterm labor. stillbirths, and NTD anomaly. Conclusion: Various empirical evidence that has been described in this paper confirms the plausibility that the provision of micronutrient supplementation in the periconceptional period is more important than only given during advanced pregnancy. Multi micronutrient administration increases hemoglobin levels in pregnant women and improves pregnancy outcomes

scholarly journals Assessment of gynaecological and general history parameters inpregnant women in long term refugee camps in Greece: results from a pilot program

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Vasilios Pergialiotis ◽  
Chryssoula Botsi ◽  
Ioanna Papari ◽  
Stavroula Gkritziou ◽  
Kassiani Mellou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
European Program ◽  
Artificial Abortion

Objective:The purpose of the present article is to present preliminary data related to the gynecological history and current health status of pregnant refugees that reside in long-term refugee camps in Greece. Materials and Methods: The study was funded by the European program “PHILOS – Emergency health response to refugee crisis” of the Greek Ministry of Health, implemented by the Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HCDCP), funded by the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) of EU’s DG Migration and Home Affairs.Refugee pregnant women who resided in long-stay refugee camps of the mainland in Greece in 2017 were recruited. Results: Overall, 456 pregnant women were enrolled in the present study with a mean age of 27.5±6.9 years (median 27, range 17-48 years). 182 women (39.8%) were primigravidae. Mean gravidity was 2.4 (median 2, range 1-11). Among them 105 had a previous delivery, 75 women had 2 previous deliveries, 50 women had 3 previous deliveries and 14 had four previous deliveries. Of those, only six women had access to prenatal screening.Twenty-three women (5%) reported that had at least an artificial abortion performed (median 1, range 1-4) and 87 women (19.0%) had at least one spontaneous abortion (median 1, range 1-6).Two hundred and three women (44.5%) reported the use of a contraceptive method. Among them withdrawal (pull-out method) was the most prevalent accounting for almost half cases (36.9%), by followed by condom, intrauterine devices (IUD) and oral contraceptives. No differences were observed after checking the potential differences among the different age groups (p=.234). Conclusions: Refugee women that reside in long term refugee camps have limited access to national healthcare systems concerning their gynecological and obstetrical assessment. Future studies, should specifically target these problems to help structure specific healthcare plans that will ensure maternal and fetal well-being.

scholarly journals Dietary Quantity and Diversity among Anemic Pregnant Women in Madura Island, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rian Diana ◽  
Ali Khomsan ◽  
Faisal Anwar ◽  
Dyan Fajar Christianti ◽  
Rendra Kusuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Dietary diversity and quantity are important for pregnant women, particularly anemic pregnant women. This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary quantity and diversity among anemic pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 at Madura Island, Indonesia, and involved 152 anemic pregnant women. Hemoglobin concentration was analyzed by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Dietary quantity was measured by the 2 × 24 h recall. Dietary diversity was determined by Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W). Spearman’s rank association was performed to analyze the association between dietary diversity and quantity. The median of hemoglobin concentration was 10.1 g/dL, and 57.2% pregnant women had mild anemia. Most of the pregnant women had low adequacy levels of energy and macro- and micronutrients (except for iron). More than half (57.9%) of anemic pregnant women had reached minimum dietary diversity. Family size (p=0.048) and gestational age (p=0.004) had negative associations with dietary diversity. Dietary diversity had positive associations with energy (p=0.029), protein (p=0.003), vitamin A (p=0.001), vitamin C (p=0.004), and zinc (p=0.015) adequacy levels. Dietary diversity had no significant association with calcium (p=0.078) and iron adequacy level (p=0.206). High prevalence of mild and moderate anemia was found among pregnant women in their third trimester. Anemic pregnant women already consumed food with minimum dietary diversity but did not meet dietary quantity. Increasing dietary quantity is a priority for anemic pregnant women.

scholarly journals Mental well-being, health, and locus of control in Danish adults before and during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Hanne Würtzen ◽  
Line Helene Clausen ◽  
Peter B. Andersen ◽  
Ziggi Ivan Santini ◽  
Jakob Erkmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
General Health ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate possible impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on general health, mental well-being, and experiences of control compared to pre-pandemic populations. Our hypotheses were that we would observe a significant lower level of psychological wellbeing and general health in the 2020 sample compared to the prepandemic samples, and that we would observe younger age groups to be the most effected. Method: Two representative Danish populations (2016, n=1656) and (2017, n=3366) were compared to a representative Danish population (n=1538) sampled during the first lockdown in May 2020. Two-tailed tests of proportions were used to investigate possible differences between samples in proportions reporting poorer mental well-being measured by WHO-5, general health, and internal locus of control. Results: Younger men (aged 18 24) and younger women (aged 18 – 44) as well as elderly women (aged 65-74) reported lower mental well-being during the early phase of the pandemic compared to the population from 2016. Both women and men in 2020 to report significantly lower levels of internal locus of control compared to the 2017 sample. This was especially true for younger men and women. There were no statistically significant differences in general health between populations. Discussion: This study partly supports the hypothesis that the the Covid-19 pandemic affected mental well-being negatively among younger persons. However, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate possible longterm effects of the pandemic on mental health and well-being. Further, qualitative studies are needed to investigate in-depth the consequenses of Covid-19.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document