Some factors in the choice of male or female sterilisation in Aberdeen

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Thompson ◽  
Ian MacGillivray ◽  
Cynthia Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Male And Female

SummaryIn a random sample of 84 men and 167 women, medical considerations, an intransigent attitude of one partner or a fear of adverse effects, were related to the decision on which partner should seek sterilisation. Only 19% of couples felt that they had a real choice between male and female sterilisation.

scholarly journals A Sociolinguistic Study of Choosing Names for Newborn Children in Jordan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Harb Al-Qawasmi ◽  
Fawwaz Al-Abed Al-Haq
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Clear Change

<p>This study aims at the study of newborn names in Jordan of a sociolinguistic perspective. This study tries to detect the difference in naming newborns in Jordan over the decades - from the seventies to 2015 due to the result of some factors that may have affected the Jordanian society, whether historical, religious and/or social. The data necessary to complete the study was obtained from the Civil Status Department and the Department of Statistics. The data obtained consisted of names of both sexes during the time period from the seventies until the early year of 2015, a random sample of personal names within the same family were also provided. The data was analyzed quantitatively. The study revealed that there is a clear change in the choice of newborn names-male and female-in Jordan, whether a change in sounds or in morphemes. In specific, names during the seventies were strongly linked to the culture and the values, religious or social, in which the people believed in. During the eighties and nineties, names were associated with certain social values, however, some names were shown to be affected by urbanization or modernization. And with the beginning of 2000 up to 2015, peoples directions towards naming newborns changed due to the advent of globalization, associating with development and urbanization, and moreover, the influence of different cultures on the community.</p>

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae) in F344 Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2094165
Author(s):  
Hyoung-Yun Han ◽  
Kang-Hyun Han ◽  
Jun-Ho Ahn ◽  
Se-Myo Park ◽  
Soojin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Phytolacca Americana ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
F344 Rats

Phytolacca americana L. is traditionally used in Korea, Japan, and China as a diuretic, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory agent, and also in the treatment of hepatitis B, psoriasis, edema, and rheumatism. In this study, we evaluated the subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of P. americana (PAAE) in male and female F344 rats. The rats were orally administered PAAE (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 13 weeks. Mortality rate, body weight, food consumption, and organ weights were measured and assessed. Additionally, ophthalmological, hematological, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Urinalysis and necropsy were also performed. The clinical chemistry values for potassium in the treated female groups (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/ body weight/day) were higher than those in the control. Further, the relative weights of the kidneys in the treated female groups (1000 and 2000 mg/kg/ body weight/day) were higher than those in the control. However, these changes were not consistent in either sex, and no abnormalities were found in the corresponding pathological findings. Thus the results showed no adverse effects in all the parameters assessed. The findings show that after 13 weeks of treatment, the “no-observed-adverse-effect level” of PAAE is 2000 mg/kg body weight in both male and female F344 rats under the experimental conditions applied. Although treatment-related adverse effects were not seen, potassium-level changes in the blood should be examined to establish the safety profile of PAAE after long-term treatment.

Violent Trends in Hip-Hop Entertainment Journalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-250
Author(s):  
Tyree Oredein ◽  
Kiameesha Evans ◽  
M. Jane Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Music Videos ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
Effects Of Violence

While the prevalence and adverse effects of violence in hip-hop music and music videos have been studied extensively, hip-hop entertainment journalism, which reports on hip-hop news and events, has been largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine violent trends in hip-hop journalism. We conducted a content analysis on a random sample of 970 news articles, 218 interview articles and the accompanying photographs from three hip-hop themed websites, and 56 radio interviews from hip-hop themed FM radio stations. Content was coded for type of violence, reality status, narrative sequence, and tone. The findings suggest that a significant portion of hip-hop journalism communications contain violence. More than half of all articles (52.3%; n = 663) contained violence. The prevalence of violence was higher for interview articles (73.4%, n = 218) than for news articles (45.9%, n = 445). The most common categories were violent metaphors, weapons, feuding (e.g., verbal aggression), and fighting. Almost 70% of radio interviews ( n = 37) contained at least one mention of violence and the most common types of violence were fighting/physical assault and feuding. Furthermore, the majority of violence for all articles and radio content were reported as real and were presented from the performer sequence. News articles depicted more consequences, whereas interview articles and radio interviews depicted more positive portrayals. Potential implications for youth exposure hip-hop journalism are discussed.

The reproductive toxicology of intravenously administered MnDPDP in the rat and rabbit

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Grant ◽  
W. F. Blazak ◽  
G. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Reproductive Toxicology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Skeletal Abnormalities ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Bone Abnormalities

Purpose: The reproductive toxicology of mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP, Teslascan), a new hepatobiliary MR contrast agent, was evaluated in rats and rabbits. Material and Methods: Male and female fertility and post-natal development were examined in rats after repeated i.v. injections of MnDPDP. The developmental toxicity in rats was investigated after repeated daily i.v. injections during organogenesis with MnDPDP, MnCl2, or DPDP, as well as with MnCl2, administered orally. The developmental toxicity of i.v. injected MnDPDP was also investigated in rabbits. Results: MnDPDP (100 μmol/kg) had no adverse effects on rat fertility. However, both MnDPDP (10–40 μmol/kg) and MnCl2 (30 μmol/kg) caused skeletal abnormalities in the rat, but not in the rabbit given 20 μmol MnDPDP/kg. Maternal treatment of rats with MnDPDP (40 μmol/kg) reduced survival and body weights of neonates, and adversely affected their functional, but not physical development. No skeletal abnormalities were seen in the rat after i.v. administered DPDP (40 μmol/kg) or MnCl2 (6 μmol/kg), or after MnCl2 (400 μmol/kg) given by oral gavage. Maternal toxicity was not seen in rats or rabbits given these doses. Conclusion: MnDPDP caused skeletal abnormalities in foetal rats, but not rabbits, and had no effects on rat fertility. Manganese appears to be the causative agent for inducing bone abnormalities in the rat.

scholarly journals How Women and Men Pee: Assessing Gender-Specific Urination Practices for a Comfortable Toilet Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 106480462110440
Author(s):  
Vasco Schelbert ◽  
Lena Kriwanek ◽  
S. Ramesh Sakthivel ◽  
Lotte Kristoferitsch ◽  
Harald Gründl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Urine ◽  
Urine Separation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

NoMix toilets separate urine and feces at the source and are a promising resource recovery technology. However, design issues hamper the transformation from unattractive to aspirational products. Little effort has been done to design toilets that account for physiological differences, leading to adverse effects on user-friendliness and urine separation efficiency. We used infrared recordings to assess gender-specific urination practices. Based on field data, we developed the Urinator, a simple device that allows simulating male and female urine streams. This supports engineers in developing more user- and gender-friendly and reuse-oriented sanitation technologies.

scholarly journals Patterns of Victimization Among Male and Female Inmates: Evidence of an Enduring Legacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Wolff ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Jane A. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Single State ◽  
The Relationship

People inside prison have above-average rates of childhood and adult victimization. Little is known, however, about the relationship between types of victimization inside prison and that experienced in childhood. This article estimates rates of victimization for male and female inmates by type of perpetrator and form of victimization (sexual, physical, either, or both) and their association with types of childhood victimization (sexual or physical). Data for these estimates are based on a random sample of approximately 7,500 inmates housed in 12 adult male prisons and one adult female prison in a single state. The significance of the findings for practice are discussed along with recommendations to improve the health and welfare of people inside prison.

Gendered Outcomes: Gender Differences in The Biographical Consequences of Activism

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nella Van Dyke ◽  
Doug McAdam ◽  
Brenda Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
New Left ◽  
Event History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Movement Participation

This article examines the gendered effects of movement participation on the subsequent lives of activists. We hypothesize that movement participation will have a differential effect on the lives of men and women both because they have different activist experiences by virtue of their gender and because the movements of the New Left questioned the gendered construction of the traditional life course. Using a national random sample, we employ logistic regression and event history models to examine the differences in employment, marriage, and childbirth patterns of men and women who participated in New Left social movements. We hypothesize that New Left activism will have affected the lives of both male and female activists, but that the effect will be stronger for women. The analyses generally confirm this hypothesis. We find significant differences in the influence of social movement participation on the economic, marital, and parenting histories of male and female activists.

scholarly journals Reasons behind Aversion from Reading by the Students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Tafila Technical University

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ruba Al-Mahasneh ◽  
Asma’ Al-Zreqat ◽  
Montaha Al-Hraishat
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Educational Sciences ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Academic Year

The study aimed at identifying the reasons behind aversion from reading by the students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Tafila Technical University in relation to the variables of gender and major. To achieve the aims of the study, a questionnaire was constructed. The questionnaire consisted of (45) items; each one represents a reason behind students’ aversion from reading. The questionnaire was administered on a random sample comprising (201) male and female students enrolled in the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Tafila Technical University during the second semester of the academic year 2015/2016.The results revealed that the degree of the samples’ ratings of the reasons behind aversion from reading on the tool as a whole was medium, the main reasons behind aversion from reading by the students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences were electronic addiction and students' tendencies towards having the information which is easy to reach instead of looking for it, and there were no statistically significant differences at level (α = 0.05) attributed to the variables of gender and major.

Communication of Verbal Information by Community Pharmacists

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Laurier ◽  
Andre Archambault ◽  
Andre-Pierre Contandriopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Mode Of Administration ◽  
Floor Surface

Communication of verbal information on prescribed drugs is recognized as an important function of the pharmacist. This article describes and analyzes the communication behavior adopted by community pharmacists in the province of Quebec. Data were collected by means of two questionnaires mailed to a random sample of 634 community pharmacists. Percentage of prescriptions for new medications on which the pharmacists indicated they provide verbal information averaged 68.9 (SD 24.2). A majority of respondents indicated that they include information on the indication and mode of administration in more than 75 percent of their counseling episodes. However, on average, rare but serious adverse effects were less frequently discussed. The frequency of verbal communication was analyzed according to the pharmacist's gender, number of years since licensure, employment status, work setting, and perceptions of both professional and commercial dimensions of the pharmacist's role. Regression showed that perception of the professional dimension of the role, gender, workload, and floor surface of the pharmacy were related to provision of verbal information on new prescribed medications.

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