Is newborn survival influenced by place of delivery? A comparison of home, public sector and private sector deliveries in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Asmita Verma ◽  
John Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Early Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Early Neonatal Period ◽  
Home Deliveries

Abstract In 2005 and again in 2011, the Government of India launched schemes to encourage institutional delivery among poor women, with the aim of improving maternal and newborn health outcomes. Partly as a result of these initiatives, the proportion of children born in a health facility rose steeply from 42% in 2000–2005 to 81% a decade later. In this context, the objective of this paper was to determine the association between place of delivery (public sector, private sector, home) and early neonatal mortality, defined as death in the first 7 days after birth. The focus was on early neonatal mortality because over half of all under-five deaths occur in his period and because the protective effect of an institutional place of birth should be strongest in those few early days. Both bivariate methods and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. For the country as a whole, it was found that the adjusted odds of death in the early neonatal period were lower for deliveries in public health facilities than for home deliveries (OR 0.833 p<0.01), but no significant difference was found between deliveries in private health facilities and at home. Adjusted odds of death were higher for deliveries in private than public sector facilities (OR 1.41 p<0.01). On further investigation, for the poor in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, it was found that the risks of dying in the early neonatal period were even higher for babies delivered in private health facilities than for home deliveries with adjusted odds of over 2.0. These results raise serious questions about quality of care in the private sector in India. In the context of increased emphasis on public–private partnerships in health services provision in the country, it becomes imperative to enforce better inspection, licensing and quality control of private sector facilities, especially in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

scholarly journals Association of prenatal counselling and immediate postnatal support with early initiation of breastfeeding in Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanthakumar Namasivayam ◽  
Bidyadhar Dehury ◽  
Ravi Prakash ◽  
Marissa Becker ◽  
Lisa Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Prenatal Counselling ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Timely initiation of breastfeeding, also known as early initiation of breastfeeding, is a well-recognized life-saving intervention to reduce neonatal mortality. However, only one quarter of newborns in Uttar Pradesh, India were breastfed in the first hour of life. This paper aims to understand the association of community-based prenatal counselling and postnatal support at place of delivery with early initiation of breastfeeding in Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods Data from a cross-sectional survey of 9124 eligible women (who had a live birth in 59 days preceding the survey) conducted in 25 districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, in 2018, were used. Simple random sampling was used to randomly select 40 Community Development Blocks (sub district administrative units) in 25 districts. The Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), health service delivery unit for frontline workers, were selected randomly from a linelisting of PSUs in each selected Community Development Block. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of prenatal counselling and postnatal support on early initiation of breastfeeding in public, private and home deliveries. Results Overall 48.1% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within an hour, with major variation by place of delivery (61.2% public, 23.6% private and 32.6% home). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of early initiation of breastfeeding was highest among mothers who received both counselling and support (aOR 2.67; 95% CI 2.30, 3.11), followed by those who received only support (aOR 1.99; 95% CI 1.73, 2.28), and only counselling (aOR 1.40; 95% CI 1.18, 1.67) compared to mothers who received none. The odds of early initiation of breastfeeding was highest among mothers who received both prenatal counselling and postnatal support irrespective of delivery at public health facilities (aOR 2.49; 95% CI 2.07, 3.01), private health facilities (aOR 3.50; 95% CI 2.25, 5.44), or home (aOR 2.84; 95% CI 2.02, 3.98). Conclusions A significant association of prenatal counselling and postnatal support immediately after birth on improving early initiation of breastfeeding, irrespective of place of delivery, indicates the importance of enhancing coverage of both the interventions through community and facility-based programs in Uttar Pradesh.

scholarly journals Evaluation of neonatal mortality data completeness and accuracy in Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0239049
Author(s):  
Dora Dadzie ◽  
Richard Okyere Boadu ◽  
Cyril Mark Engmann ◽  
Nana Amma Yeboaa Twum-Danso
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Brong Ahafo

Background Cause-specific mortality data are required to set interventions to reduce neonatal mortality. However, in many developing countries, these data are either lacking or of low quality. We assessed the completeness and accuracy of cause of death (COD) data for neonates in Ghana to assess their usability for monitoring the effectiveness of health system interventions aimed at improving neonatal survival. Methods A lot quality assurance sampling survey was conducted in 20 hospitals in the public sector across four regions of Ghana. Institutional neonatal deaths (IND) occurring from 2014 through 2017 were divided into lots, defined as neonatal deaths occurring in a selected facility in a calendar year. A total of 52 eligible lots were selected: 10 from Ashanti region, and 14 each from Brong Ahafo, Eastern and Volta region. Nine lots were from 2014, 11 from 2015 and 16 each were from 2016 and 2017. The cause of death (COD) of 20 IND per lot were abstracted from admission and discharge (A&D) registers and validated against the COD recorded in death certificates, clinician’s notes or neonatal death audit reports for consistency. With the error threshold set at 5%, ≥ 17 correctly matched diagnoses in a sample of 20 deaths would make the lot accurate for COD diagnosis. Completeness of COD data was measured by calculating the proportion of IND that had death certificates completed. Results Nineteen out of 52 eligible (36.5%) lots had accurate COD diagnoses recorded in their A&D registers. The regional distribution of lots with accurate COD data is as follows: Ashanti (4, 21.2%), Brong Ahafo (7, 36.8%), Eastern (4, 21.1%) and Volta (4, 21.1%). Majority (9, 47.4%) of lots with accurate data were from 2016, followed by 2015 and 2017 with four (21.1%) lots. Two (10.5%) lots had accurate COD data in 2014. Only 22% (239/1040) of sampled IND had completed death certificates. Conclusion Death certificates were not reliably completed for IND in a sample of health facilities in Ghana from 2014 through 2017. The accuracy of cause-specific mortality data recorded in A&D registers was also below the desired target. Thus, recorded IND data in public sector health facilities in Ghana are not valid enough for decision-making or planning. Periodic data quality assessments can determine the magnitude of the data quality concerns and guide site-specific improvements in mortality data management.

scholarly journals The role of the public and private health sectors on factors associated with early essential newborn care practices among institutional deliveries in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Tii Kumbeni ◽  
Paschal Awingura Apanga ◽  
Mary-Ann Wepiamo Chanase ◽  
John Ndebugri Alem ◽  
Nana Mireku-Gyimah
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Essential Newborn Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Public Sector Health

Abstract Background Early essential newborn care is one of the important interventions developed by the World Health Organization to reduce morbidities and mortalities in neonates. This study investigated the role of the public and private sector health facilities on factors associated with early essential newborn care practices following institutional delivery in Ghana. Methods We used data from the 2017/2018 multiple indicator cluster survey for our analysis. A total of 2749 mothers aged 15–49 years were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with early essential newborn care in both public and private health sectors. Results The prevalence of good early essential newborn care in the public sector health facilities was 26.4 % (95 % CI: 23.55, 29.30) whiles that of the private sector health facilities was 19.9 % (95 % CI: 13.55, 26.30). Mothers who had a Caesarean section in the public sector health facilities had 67 % lower odds of early essential newborn care compared to mothers who had a vaginal delivery [adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) = 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.20, 0.53]. Mothers without a health insurance in the public sector health facilities had 26 % lower odds of early essential newborn care compared to mothers with a health insurance (aPOR = 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.56, 0.97). However, these associations were not observed in the private sector health facilities. Conclusions The findings suggest that the prevalence of good early essential newborn care in the public sector health facilities was higher than that reported in the private sector health facilities. Child health programs on early essential newborn care needs to be prioritized in the private healthcare sector. The Government of Ghana may also need to increase the coverage of the national health insurance scheme for women in reproductive age.

A Case of Congenital Glucose Galactose Malabsorption with a New Mutation in the SLC5A1 Gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Akduman ◽  
Dilek Dilli ◽  
Serdar Ceylaner
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Early Neonatal Period ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Hypernatremic Dehydration

AbstractCongenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is an autosomal recessive disorder originating from an abnormal transporter mechanism in the intestines. It was sourced from a mutation in the SLC5A1 gene, which encodes a sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Here we report a 2-day-old girl with CGGM who presented with severe hypernatremic dehydration due to diarrhea beginning in the first hours of life. Mutation analysis revealed a novel homozygous mutation NM_000343.3 c.127G > A (p.Gly43Arg) in the SLC5A1 gene. Since CGGM can cause fatal diarrhea in the early neonatal period, timely diagnosis of the disease seems to be essential.

Does the Russian Government Pay a "Fair" Wage: Review of Studies

2015 ◽  
pp. 62-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Fair Wage

This paper surveys the literature on public-private sector wage differentials for Russian labor market. We give an overview of the main results and problems of the existing research. The authors unanimously confirm that in Russia private sector workers receive higher wages relative to their public sector counterparts. According to different estimates the "premium" varies between 7 and 40%. A correct evaluation of this "premium" is subject to debate and is a particular case of a more general econometric problem of wage differentials estimation. The main difficulties are related to data limitations, self-selection and omitted variables. Reasons for the existence of a stable private sector "premium" in Russia are not fully investigated.

FEATURES OF CARDIORESPIRATORY ADAPTATION OF LATER PRETERM INFANTS IN THE EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
G. A. Solovyova ◽  
V. I. Pokhilko ◽  
S. N. Tsvirenko ◽  
N. I. Gasyuk ◽  
Yu. Yu. Klimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Early Neonatal Period

Corporate Social Reporting Practices In India

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Vipin Bihari Srivastava ◽  
Dr Manoj Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dr Wogari Negari
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Corporate Social Reporting ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Corporate Social

"This paper aims to examine the extent of corporate social reporting practices in the annual reports of companies in India and to ascertain the differences if any, between public sector and private sector companies and to investigate what were the determinants of corporate social reporting . The study intends to answer the research questions which include: a) what variables could represent a Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Reporting consists of dependent variables and Independent variables? b) What are the factors of Corporate Social Reporting (COSOR) and how valid and reliable are these factors? c) What is the degree of COSOR by factors in public and private sector companies? d) What are the determinants of COSOR? What is the level of their influence on COSOR? A sample of 120 listed companies of National Stock Exchange of India was chosen and they were stratified in to public and private sector companies. A Corporate social reporting Index was constructed for data collection through content analysis from the annual reports. The results of the study revealed that social accounting information were disclosed in company’s annual reports, chairman’s speech, directors’ reports, notes to accounts, schedule to accounts and auditor’s report. The degree of corporate social reporting varies between public sector and private sector companies. The public sector companies have disclosed more corporate social reporting information than the private sector companies. The study found that higher the level of capital employed, earnings before depreciation and taxes, total assets and total sales higher was the level of corporate social reporting. However, the degree of influence of determinants on corporate social reporting was different among public and private sector companies. Most of the companies have disclosed corporate social information on voluntary basis. To improve the understandably, uniformity, and comparability of corporate social information, this study suggests making it mandatory. A standard format for disclosure of corporate social information shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs by amending the Indian Companies Act. The concept of social accounting is relatively new in India. This study suggests to include it in the commerce curriculum and also in the curriculum of CA/CWA/CS. Corporate Social Reporting is such a vast area of research that no single study can cover different dimensions related to it. Though some studies including the present study have been conducted on Corporate Social Reporting Practices in India, but still there is much potential of research in this area. Future research in this area will hopefully bring more brightening result measuring and analysing social costs and benefits data by manager as well as by other concerned. Since the subject is in the primary stage, an in-depth research is needed to be done in different sectors such as banking information technology, manufacturing etc. The results are specifically applicable to sample companies and generalisations can be made with caution. The results of the study are based on the data collected from published annual reports of sample companies using content analysis method. Corporate social reporting in company websites, brochures etc are not covered. Social cost and benefit analysis is not covered in this study.

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