694. Observations on the cell count and solids-not-fat content of cows' milk

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. McKenzie ◽  
Elizabeth M. K. Booker ◽  
W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
A Cell

Tests over a 2-year period of milk from an Ayrshire herd showed that there was a greater incidence of low S.N.F. samples from milk with a high cell count compared with samples from that of a low cell count.While a wide variation in S.N.F. was found at any particular cell count level, there was a broad correlation between cell count and S.N.F., the average S.N.F. for cows in the same lactation being lower for those animals with high cell counts in the milk.It is suggested that a cell count > 100,000/ml. in bulk milk should be regarded as significant.Bacteriological examination of the high cell count samples showed that in a large proportion of cases no typical mastitis-producing organism could be isolated.The authors wish to thank their colleagues in the Bacteriology, Chemistry and Veterinary Investigation Departments for assistance in this work.

A quantitative evaluation of some factors affecting the non-fatty solids of cow's milk

1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Alexander ◽  
F. B. Leech
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Satisfactory Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position

SummaryTen farms in the county of Durham took part in a field study of the effects of feeding and of udder disease on the level of non-fatty solids (s.n.f.) in milk. Statistical analysis of the resulting data showed that age, pregnancy, season of the year, and total cell count affected the percentage of s.n.f. and that these effects were additive and independent of each other. No effect associated with nutritional changes could be demonstrated.The principal effects of the factors, each one freed from effects of other factors, were as follows:Herds in which s.n.f. had been consistently low over a period of years were compared with herds in which s.n.f. had been satisfactory. Analysis of the data showed that about 70% of the difference in s.n.f. between these groups could be accounted for by differences in age of cow, stage of lactation, cell count and breed.There was some evidence of a residual effect following clinical mastitis that could not be accounted for by residual high cell counts.The within-cow regression of s.n.f. on log cell count calculated from the Durham data and from van Rensburg's data was on both occasions negative.The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly in relation to advisory work.

Observations on the influence of high cell count on lipolysis in bovine milk

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer M. A. Salih ◽  
Malcolm Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
And Control

SummaryThe effect that changes in composition which occur in milks possessing high cell counts have on milk lipolysis has been investigated. High cell counts were produced either by intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin or Streptococcus agalactiae or by addition of washed cells which were isolated from milk obtained from quarters infused with endotoxin. Free fatty acid levels in milk were measured in terms of acid degree value (ADV) either as initial ADV measured immediately after milking or ADV developed after a prescribed incubation period.There was an increase in initial ADV after the infusion either of endotoxin or of Str. agalactiae relative to a control quarter. This increase appeared to be associated with changes in cell count, but in absolute terms the influence of cells on ADV became less as cell count increased. Neither type of infusion had any effect on lipoprotein lipase activity. The addition of washed cells to normal milk resulted in an increase in developed ADV, but the increment was not as large as that produced by the addition of 1% blood serum. When cream and skim-milk from endotoxin-treated quarters and control quarters were mixed in different combinations with and without additional cells, developed ADV was higher in those samples containing endotoxin cream and those with added cells. Milk from a quarter treated with endotoxin was diluted with its own skim-milk to produce different cell counts and ADV was determined after various time intervals at 4 and 37 °C. Lipolysis increased with increasing cell count, but a depression in lipolytic rate was noted after incubation for 6 h at 4 °C and 20 min at 37 °C.The proportion of skim-milk lipoprotein lipase activity in milk serum was larger both in milks possessing high cell counts and in normal milk adjusted to between 5 and 20 mM-NaCl by addition of solid NaCl. These levels of NaCl inhibited lipolysis.The possible direct and indirect effects of high cell count on milk lipolysis are discussed.

Variation in milk cell counts during lactation of British Friesian cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. P. Wood ◽  
J. M. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Friesian Cattle

ABSTRACTA survey was carried out of 1 640 British Friesian heifers calving predominantly in the autumn of 1979. The monthly samples of 1 055 animals showing no reported evidence of udder infection were used to evaluate the parameters of a lactation curve in milk cell count. The model wasC = 190 n−0.4880exp(0·178n)where C is the monthly cell count in millions per 1 during the nth month of lactation. The cell count varied from 230 × 106 in week 1 and 190 × 106 in week 11 to 400 × 106 in week 44 of lactation.On applying the model to the whole sample, milk sampled within a month before or after antibiotic treatment for clinical mastitis contained more than 200 × 106 cells per 1 above the level suggested by the lactation curve. Lactation mean cell counts of treated cows were 400 × 106 cells per 1 higher than those of untreated cows. It was not possible to identify periods in which cows required treatment, or those with high cell counts, by reference to the lactose concentration in the milk samples. Among the untreated cows, the cell count at the third monthly test-day was lower than at any other time, and was more highly correlated with the lactation mean cell count.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEUKOCYTE COUNTS IN BULK MILK AND APPARENT QUARTER INFECTIONS IN DAIRY HERDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Postle ◽  
R. P. Natzke ◽  
R. W. Everett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New York State ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Strip Plate ◽  
Leukocyte Counts

Bulk tank milk samples and quarter samples from 15,982 cows were collected from 285 herds enrolled in the New York State Mastitis Control Program. Culture and strip-plate examination findings from quarter samples were correlated with bulk milk cell counts. A correlation of 0.50 was found between percent quarters yielding mastitis pathogens and bulk milk cell counts. A correlation of 0.51 was found between percent quarters producing abnormal secretions and bulk milk cell counts. These relationships indicated the bulk milk cell count was not a reliable measure of herd infection or prevalence of abnormal secretion. The most prominent trend in a relationship between pathogens and increased bulk milk cell count was found for Streptococcus agalactiae and a lesser relationship between staphylococci and increased bulk milk cell count. Herds classified as having low bulk milk cell counts produced an average of 1,759 lb. of milk more than herds with high bulk milk cell counts. Only three milking and management practices were found to be associated with bulk milk cell counts.

Influence of elevated somatic cell count on casein distribution and cheese-making

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E. Ali ◽  
Anthony T. Andrews ◽  
Gordon C. Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Soluble Phase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe effects of increased somatic cell count, whether caused by infection or by experimental infusion of bacterial endotoxin, on the distribution in milk of caseins between the micellar and soluble forms were investigated. The relationship of somatic cell count to some cheese-making parameters was also studied. With quite modestly elevated cell counts (2–3 × 106/ml) increases of up to 37% in total casein in the soluble phase were observed, most of which was contributed by β-casein, while κ- and αs1-caseins increased only slightly. With storage at 4°C, the concentrations of all the caseins, Ca and phosphate in the soluble phase increased substantially during the first 48 h, but this was followed by a slight decline on further storage. Rennet clotting time, losses of fat in whey, curd moisture, and losses in curd yield and rigidity were all greater the higher the somatic count. Clear differences were detectable in these parameters between milks of very low cell count (e.g. 5 × 104 cells/ml) and milks with counts more typical of those found in bulk supplies (e.g. about 5 × 105 cells/ml). If these findings can be reproduced in commercial practice even a modest reduction in bulk milk somatic cell counts might be expected to bring definite benefits.

Particles in bulk milk capable of causing falsely high electronic cell counts

1982 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hill ◽  
Kenneth G. Hibbitt ◽  
Jonathon Davies
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Milking Machine

SUMMARYBulk milk with an apparently high electronic cell count (ECC) was found to have a normal cell count when the latter was determined directly with a microscope or when cell nuclei were counted with a Fossomatic apparatus. Particles in the form of collapsed spheres formed by aggregated casein micelles were found in bulk milk which accounted for the falsely high ECC values. The ECC value agreed with the values obtained by the other methods if the milk was heated to 55 °C for 15 min before fixation. The shape of the particles and the fact that they were only present after the milk had passed through the milking machine suggested that they may be produced as vacuum vacuoles arising from cavitation in the pump.

scholarly journals Ontario Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Count Reduction Program. 2. Dynamics of Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Counts

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359-3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ynte H. Schukken ◽  
K.E. Leslie ◽  
A.J. Weersink ◽  
S.W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Reduction Program

Survey of somatic cell counts and milk composition in bulk milk of ewes in dairy practice

10.5219/1325 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Martina Vršková ◽  
Vladimír Tančin ◽  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Lucia Mačuhová ◽  
Kristína Tvarožková
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
On Farm

We evaluated milk quality during the sheep dairy period in the year 2018. The study was performed at fifteen dairy farms with differed breeds and crossbreds under Slovakian usual practical conditions (milking and pasture). At the first and seventh farm purebred Tsigai (TS) ewes were kept, at the eight to twelve farm there were purebred Lacaune ewes (LC) and the thirteen farm were kept crossbred Improved Valachian x Lacaune ewes (IV/LC, with a higher proportion of Improved Valachian), the fourteen farm crossbred Lacaune x East Friesian ewes and the last farm were ewes of the synthetic population of Slovak dairy ewe (SD). The milk yield recording and milk sampling were performed once a month during evening milking as a part of milk recording services. The basic milk composition was determined by MilkoScan FT120 (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark) and somatic cell count was determined using a Fossomatic 90 (Foss Electric, Hillerød, Denmark) after heat treatment at 40 °C for 15 min. We found the highest incidence of SCC on farm 14 with crossbred LC/EF 3.940 x 103 cells.mL-1. Followed by farms 12 and 9 with purebred LC (SCC value of 3.318 and 2.489 x 103 cells.mL-1). Farm 7 with purebred TS reached the lowest value (831 x 103 cells.mL-1). The highest fat content was reached by the purebred TS, with gradual growth from March to July. Crossbreds and the synthetic population of Slovak dairy ewe (SD) had the lowest average fat content, which could be affected by feeding. Similar tendencies were found in protein content.

scholarly journals Somatic Cells in Bulk Samples and Purchase Prices of Cow Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-892
Author(s):  
Jindřich Kvapilík ◽  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Petr Roubal ◽  
Jan Říha ◽  
Petr Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

There were calculated the somatic cell count (SCC) 209 (36 – 468) 103ml–1, the total count of microorganisms (TCM) 25 103ml–1 (from 5 to 377), fat 3.84 % (from 3.23 to 4.46) and protein content 3.39 % (from 3.04 to 3.75) and milk freezing point (MFP) –0.525 °C (from –0.534 to –0.395) of the 522 monthly bulk milk samples from 11 experimental stables during the period from 2012 to 2015. Residues of inhibitory substances were not detected in any sample. Milk sale reached 7,999 liters (l) with fluctuating between 6,150 and 10,532 l per cow. This can be deduced from the regression coefficients that due to increase in the SCC by 100 103ml–1 the TCM increased by 2.9 to 4.2 103ml–1, the fat content decreased by 0.09 to 0.13 % and protein about 0.01 to 0.05 %. Influence of SCC, TCM and the fat and protein content calculated from monthly samples for individual stables can be estimated at –0.12 CZC, fluctuations between the stables at +0.46 to –0.84 CZC per l of milk. The increase in milk price by 0.17 CZC in the range of –0.92 to +0.92 CZC per l of milk corresponds to averages of indicators calculated from 522 samples.

scholarly journals Estimating Cell Count in Overlapped Cluster of Thin Prep Pap Smear Cell Microscopic Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4935-4938
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Open Access Database ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Given ◽  
Number Of Cells

The cell adequacy is one of the important factor is Pap smear test as per Bethesda reporting system. The adequate number of cells in a given sample helps to effectively check for abnormality of cells. The Pap smear sample with inadequate number of cells will be rejected and patient will be called for collecting sample once again. The cell adequacy is the number of squamous epithelial cells present in the given Pap smear sample. This paper presents an automated method which estimates the number of cells in a given Pap smear image. This method estimates a cell count even when cells are overlapped. The proposed approach first separates disjoint cells and overlapped cell cluster from cervical Pap smear image. Then the overlapped cluster is further segmented to obtain individual cells. The overlapped cluster is selected based on the area factor. That is area of overlapped cluster will be more than disjoint cells. This method uses Bitplane slicing technique for segmentation of overlapped cells. Then the total cell counts is estimated as sum of disjoint cells count and number of cells separated from overlapped cluster. The method is tested on the ThinPrep images publicly available in open access database.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document