Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) effects on pups growth, milk composition and lipogenic enzymes in lactating rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Aparecida Hayashi ◽  
Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros ◽  
Marina Hojaij Carvalho ◽  
Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Biological Properties

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a range of biological properties, including effects on lipid metabolism, milk and body composition in animals. This study investigated the effects of dietary CLA on lactating rats and development of the suckling pups. Dams were fed either a control diet or the same diet supplemented with 25 g/kg of a fat supplement containing 540 g CLA/kg (final concentration of 13·5 g CLA/kg diet) from parturition to the 15th day post-partum. The CLA mixture used in this study contained the following isomers (per 100 g): cis-9, trans-11 (24 g); cis-10, trans-12 (35 g); cis-8, trans-10 (15 g); cis-11, trans-13 (17 g) and others (9 g). On d 15 post partum, CLA supplementation reduced milk fat content by 33% and pup growth by 21%. The milk fatty acid profile, with decreased content of short and medium chain acids, suggests CLA inhibition was more pronounced for de novo lipid synthesis. Consistent with these results, activities of fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were reduced by CLA treatment in the mammary gland and liver. In contrast, the activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase was unchanged.

scholarly journals Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Subcutaneous and Omental Adipose Tissue Reveals Increased Lipid Turnover in Dairy Cows Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3227
Author(s):  
Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam ◽  
Harald M. Hammon ◽  
Arnulf Tröscher ◽  
Laura Vogel ◽  
Martina Gnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Lipid Turnover

Phosphoproteomics is a cutting-edge technique that can be utilized to explore adipose tissue (AT) metabolism by quantifying the repertoire of phospho-peptides (PP) in AT. Dairy cows were supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, n = 5) or a control diet (CON, n = 5) from 63 d prepartum to 63 d postpartum; cows were slaughtered at 63 d postpartum and AT was collected. We performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis of subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) AT using nanoUPLC-MS/MS and examined the effects of CLA supplementation on the change in the phosphoproteome. A total of 5919 PP were detected in AT, and the abundance of 854 (14.4%) were differential between CON and CLA AT (p ≤ 0.05 and fold change ± 1.5). The abundance of 470 PP (7.9%) differed between OM and SC AT, and the interaction treatment vs. AT depot was significant for 205 PP (3.5% of total PP). The integrated phosphoproteome demonstrated the up- and downregulation of PP from proteins related to lipolysis and lipogenesis, and phosphorylation events in multiple pathways, including the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, mTOR signaling, insulin signaling, AMPK signaling, and glycolysis. The differential regulation of phosphosite on a serine residue (S777) of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in AT of CLA-supplemented cows was related to lipogenesis and with more phosphorylation sites compared to acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACSS2). Increased protein phosphorylation was seen in acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA;8 PP), FASN (9 PP), hormone sensitive lipase (LIPE;6 PP), perilipin (PLIN;3 PP), and diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLA;1 PP) in CLA vs. CON AT. The relative gene expression in the SC and OM AT revealed an increase in LIPE and FASN in CLA compared to CON AT. In addition, the expression of DAGLA, which is a lipid metabolism enzyme related to the endocannabinoid system, was 1.6-fold higher in CLA vs. CON AT, and the expression of the cannabinoid receptor CNR1 was reduced in CLA vs. CON AT. Immunoblots of SC and OM AT showed an increased abundance of FASN and a lower abundance of CB1 in CLA vs. CON. This study presents a complete map of the SC and the OM AT phosphoproteome in dairy cows following CLA supplementation and discloses many unknown phosphorylation sites, suggestive of increased lipid turnover in AT, for further functional investigation.

scholarly journals Isomerisation of cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to trans-9 trans-11 CLA during acidic methylation can be avoided by a rapid base catalysed methylation of milk fat

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R F Lee ◽  
John K S Tweed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Acidic Conditions

This study investigated the evolution of trans-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation and its avoidance through a rapid base methylation of milk fat. The study examined three conditions shown to result in loss of cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation namely: temperature, methylation time, water contamination in old reagents and acidic conditions. Three techniques currently used for the conversion of milk fat into fatty acid methyl esters for analysis of CLA content by gas liquid chromatography and a fourth procedure designed to eliminate acidic conditions and to limit methylation temperature and time were used. The four methods were: (i) acidic methylation (AM); (ii) acidic and basic bimethylation with fresh reagents (FBM); (iii) acidic and basic bimethylation with pre-prepared reagents (PBM) and (iv) basic methylation (BM). Each regime was carried out on six milk samples over two periods and methylated 1 ml freeze-dried milk (n=12 per regime). Total CLA was not different across methylation regimes (0·30 mg/ml). Isomer cis-9 trans-11 was higher (P<0·01) with BM than the other regimes and lowest with AM: 21·2, 17·8, 18·8 and 14·7 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The inverse relationship was shown for trans-9 trans-11 with higher (P<0·001) amounts with AM than the other regimes and lowest with BM: 0·57, 2·55, 2·36 and 3·69 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The trans-10 cis-12 isomer was also shown to alter with methylation procedure being higher (P<0·001) with AM than the other regimes: 0·43, 0·47, 0·29 and 1·20 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. Validation with known CLA free fatty acid and triacylglycerol standards confirmed that AM resulted in conversion of cis-9 trans-11 to trans-9 trans-11, and also elevated trans-10 cis-12 whilst BM of triacylglycerol CLA did not isomerise cis-9 trans-11 and was comparable to FBM.

Dietary effect on bovine milk fat conjugated linoleic acid content

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
F. Lawless ◽  
J.J. Murphy ◽  
S. Fitzgerald ◽  
B. O’Brien ◽  
R. Devery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Grass Growth

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11-C18:2; CLA) in milk arises as a result of microbial biohydrogenation of dietary linoleic and linolenic acids in the rumen (Kepler and Tove, 1967). Milk fat CLA concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher when cows were fed silage supplemented with pulp’n brew (a mixture of brewers grains, a by-product of the brewing industry, and sugar beet pulp in dry matter proportions of 0.65:0.35), compared with silage alone (Trial 1). Intake of spring grass resulted in a 2.1–fold increase in milk fat CLA concentrations over cows receiving autumn grass. Throughout lactation in Trial 2, spring calving cows produced higher milk fat CLA concentrations (from 0.5-2.7 g/100 g fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)) than autumn calving cows (0.3-1.7 g/100 g FAME); the former having spent 80% and the latter 50% of lactation on pasture. The CLA content was higher in late lactation milk compared with early lactation milk in both herds. There were no significant differences in milk yields or milk constituent yields between the herds. Manufacturing milk obtained between March and September was analyzed for milk fatty acid composition and the data correlated with grass growth throughout the season. Significant positive correlations were obtained between grass growth rates and concentrations of CLA and linolenic acid in milk fat. The data indicate that seasonal variation in milk fat CLA concentrations may be attributed to variation in pasture growth rates.

scholarly journals Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat content and lipogenic gene expression in the mammary gland of sows without altering litter performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Sandri ◽  
K. J. Harvatine ◽  
D. E. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lipogenic Gene ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Lipogenic Gene Expression

AbstractTrans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) decreases milk fat synthesis in lactating sows and involves, at least in part, the down-regulation of lipogenic genes. The objective was to evaluate the effect of CLA on milk composition and lipogenic gene expression. Twenty multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments for 18 d (from day 7 to day 25 of lactation): (1) control (no CLA added) and (2) 1 % of CLA mixed into the ration. CLA treatment decreased milk fat and protein content by 20 % (P = 0·004) and 11 % (P = 0·0001), respectively. However, piglet weight did not differ between treatments (P = 0·60). Dietary CLA increased the concentration of SFA in milk fat by 16 % (P < 0·0001) and decreased MUFA by 17·6 % (P < 0·0001). In the mammary gland, CLA reduced gene expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α by 37 % (P = 0·003), fatty acid synthase by 64 % (P = 0·002), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by 52 % (P = 0·003), lipoprotein lipase by 26 % (P = 0·03), acyl glycerol phosphate acyltransferase 6 by 15 % (P = 0·02) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 by 27 % (P = 0·02), whereas the expression of fatty acid binding protein 3 was not altered by CLA treatment (P = 0·09). Mammary expression of casein-β and α-lactalbumin was reduced by CLA by 68 % (P = 0·0004) and 62 % (P = 0·005), respectively. Additionally, CLA had no effect on the expression of lipogenic genes evaluated in adipose tissue. In summary, CLA reduced milk fat content without negatively affecting litter performance and it affected mammary expression of genes involved in all lipogenic pathways studied.

scholarly journals Conjugated linoleic acid-induced milk fat depression in lactating ewes is accompanied by reduced expression of mammary genes involved in lipid synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 3825-3834 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hussein ◽  
K.H. Harvatine ◽  
W.M.P.B. Weerasinghe ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
D.E. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Depression

The effect of Ala293Val single nucleotide polymorphism in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene on conjugated linoleic acid concentration in milk fat of dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Clark ◽  
J.M. Thomson ◽  
S.S. Moore ◽  
M. Oba
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Desaturation Index ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of the Ala293Val single nucleotide polymorphism in stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) on the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat of dairy cows, and to identify a phenotypic indicator of cows with a greater genetic capability to produce CLA that is not affected by dietary lipid content. In Study 1, 12 cows, four of each Ala293Val SCD genotype, were fed either a control or an oil-supplemented diet in a cross-over design to examine effects of diet, genotype and their interaction. The CLA concentration in milk fat was greater for cows fed the oil-supplemented (4.4%) vs. the control diet (0.6%), but was not affected by the Ala293Val SCD genotype. In Study 2, the Ala293Val SCD genotype of 215 dairy cows at a commercial dairy did not affect milk yield, composition, or CLA concentration in milk fat. However, in both studies, C14:1 desaturation index was greater for the AA genotype compared with the others. The Ala293Val SCD genotype may not affect CLA production although the SCD Ala293 allele is associated with a higher C14:1 desaturation index possibly because effects of the SCD genotype vary depending on fatty acid chain length or origin.

scholarly journals Dietary trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid reduces the expression of fatty acid oxidation and drug detoxification enzymes in mouse liver

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Rasooly ◽  
Darshan S. Kelley ◽  
Jeff Greg ◽  
Bruce E. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Drug Detoxification ◽  
Hepatic Genes

Mice fed diets containing trans 10, cis 12 (t10, c12)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) develop fatty livers and the role of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in this development is not well defined. We examined the effects of dietary cis 9, trans 11-CLA (c9, t11-CLA) and t10, c12-CLA on the expression of hepatic genes for fatty acid metabolism. Female mice, 8 weeks old, (six animals per group) were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with 0·5 % c9, t11- or t10, c12-CLA for 8 weeks. DNA microarray analysis showed that t10, c12-CLA increased the expression of 278 hepatic genes and decreased those of 121 genes (>2-fold); c9, t11-CLA increased expression of twenty-two genes and decreased those of nine. Real-time PCR confirmed that t10, c12-CLA reduced by the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes including flavin monooxygenase (FMO)-3 95 %, cytochrome P450 (cyt P450) 69 %, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a 77 %, acetyl CoA oxidase (ACOX) 50 % and PPARα 65 %; it increased the expression of fatty acid synthase by 3·5-fold (P < 0·05 for all genes, except ACOX P = 0·08). It also reduced the enzymatic activity of hepatic microsomal FMO by 40 % and the FMO3 specific protein by 67 %. c9, t11-CLA reduced FMO3 and cyt P450 expression by 61 % (P = 0·001) and 38 % (P = 0·06) and increased steoryl CoA desaturase transcription by 5·9-fold (P = 0·07). Both decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased fatty acid synthesis seem to contribute to the CLA-induced fatty liver. Since FMO and cyt P450 are also involved in drug detoxification, suppression of the transcription of these genes by CLA may have other health consequences besides development of fatty liver.

Effects of fatty acid sources on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and other fatty acids in dairy milk

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Nonthasak Piamphon ◽  
Chalong Wachirapakorn ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Chainarong Nawanukrow
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Dairy Milk ◽  
Plant Sources

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is aniticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic and antidiabetogenic actives. Research has therefore focused on methods of increasing CLA content in milk fat. Amount of CLA in milk fat was highly related to biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid of rumen microbes. (Bauman et al., 1999). Linoleic acid (C18:2) were the precursors of CLA synthesis. The CLA was also synthesized in the mammary gland of lactating ruminants, using oleic acid (C18:1) as a precursor and activity of delta 9-desaturase (Griinari and Bauman, 1999). Linoleic acid is high in soybean oil (SO) (54.4%) and tuna oil (TO) (20.3%) while oleic acid is high in pork oil (PO) (43.5%) and groundnut oil (GO) (40.7%). Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to compare the increasing of CLA and fatty acid composition in milk fat form cows fed dietary oils obtained from either animal or plant sources.

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