Three-dimensional large-amplitude drop oscillations: experiments and theoretical analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 309-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
HISAO AZUMA ◽  
SHOICHI YOSHIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Liquid Drop ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathieu Equation ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Electrical Excitation ◽  
Low Gravity ◽  
Drop Motion ◽  
The Relationship

Three-dimensional large-amplitude oscillations of a mercury drop were obtained by electrical excitation in low gravity using a drop tower. Multi-lobed (from three to six lobes) and polyhedral (including tetrahedral, hexahedral, octahedral and dodecahedral) oscillations were obtained as well as axisymmetric oscillation patterns. The relationship between the oscillation patterns and their frequencies was obtained, and it was found that polyhedral oscillations are due to the nonlinear interaction of waves.A mathematical model of three-dimensional forced oscillations of a liquid drop is proposed and compared with experimental results. The equations of drop motion are derived by applying the variation principle to the Lagrangian of the drop motion, assuming moderate deformation. The model takes the form of a nonlinear Mathieu equation, which expresses the relationships between deformation amplitude and the driving force's magnitude and frequency.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Single Droplet Splashing on Liquid Film by Coupling FVM with VOF

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Jin ◽  
Huang Zhou ◽  
Linhang Zhu ◽  
Zeqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Weber Number ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Single Droplet ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
The Relationship

A three-dimensional numerical study of a single droplet splashing vertically on a liquid film is presented. The numerical method is based on the finite volume method (FVM) of Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and the adaptive local mesh refinement technology is adopted. It enables the liquid–gas interface to be tracked more accurately, and to be less computationally expensive. The relationship between the diameter of the free rim, the height of the crown with different numbers of collision Weber, and the thickness of the liquid film is explored. The results indicate that the crown height increases as the Weber number increases, and the diameter of the crown rim is inversely proportional to the collision Weber number. It can also be concluded that the dimensionless height of the crown decreases with the increase in the thickness of the dimensionless liquid film, which has little effect on the diameter of the crown rim during its growth.

scholarly journals A Field Measurement Based Wind Characteristics Analysis of a Typhoon in Near-Ground Boundary Layer

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Dandan Xia ◽  
Liming Dai ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Huaifeng Wang ◽  
Haitao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wind Data ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Gust Factor ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Wind Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The field measurement was conducted to observe the wind field data of West Pacific typhoon “Maria” in this research. With the application of ultrasonic anemometers installed in different heights (10 m, 80 m, 100 m) of the tower, the three dimensional wind speed data of typhoon “Maria” was acquired. In addition, vane-type anemometers were installed to validate the accuracy of the wind data from ultrasonic anemometers. Wind characteristics such as the mean wind profile, turbulence intensity, integral length scale, and wind spectrum are studied in detail using the collected wind data. The relationship between the gust factor and turbulence intensity was also studied and compared with the existing literature to demonstrate the characteristics of Maria. The statistical characteristics of the turbulence intensity and gust factor are presented. The corresponding conclusion remarks are expected to provide a useful reference for designing wind-resistant buildings and structures.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional relationships between tumor cells and microcirculation with double cyanine immunolabeling, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and computer-assisted reconstruction: an alternative to cast corrosion preparations.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Rummelt ◽  
L M Gardner ◽  
R Folberg ◽  
S Beck ◽  
B Knosp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Blood Vessels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

The morphology of the microcirculation of uveal melanomas is a reliable market of tumor progression. Scanning electron microscopy of cast corrosion preparations can generate three-dimensional views of these vascular patterns, but this technique sacrifices the tumor parenchyma. Formalin-fixed wet tissue sections 100-150 microns thick from uveal melanomas were stained with the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEAI) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to demonstrate simultaneously the tumor blood vessels and proliferating tumor cells. Indocarbocyanine (Cy3) was used as a fluorophore for UEAI and indodicarbocyanine (Cy5) was used for PCNA. Double labeled sections were examined with a laser scanning confocal microscope. Images of both stains were digitized at the same 5-microns intervals and each of the two images per interval was combined digitally to form one image. These combined images were visualized through voxel processing to study the relationship between melanoma cells expressing PCNA and various microcirculatory patterns. This technique produces images comparable to scanning electron microscopy of cast corrosion preparations while permitting simultaneous localization of melanoma cells expressing PCNA. The microcirculatory tree can be viewed from any perspective and the relationship between tumor cells and the tumor blood vessels can be studied concurrently in three dimensions. This technique is an alternative to cast corrosion preparations.

A Research on the Morphology and Composition of Flocs (Part 1: Floc Breaage Disregarded)

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1566-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Qiang Ding ◽  
Qing Na Li ◽  
Xin Rong Pang ◽  
Ji Run Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Suspension Viscosity ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Floc Breakage

The characteristics of flocs aggregated in flocculation have been paid more and more attention for a long time. In this paper, a new classification and analyses method dealing with the flocs is developed. The flocs formed after flocculation is divided into four kinds, including the left primary particles, linear flocs with all component particles in a line, planar flocs with all component particles on a plane and volumetric flocs with all component particles in a three-dimensional space. By analyzing the formation approaches of different kind of flocs regardless of the floc breakage, the number of every kind of floc is analyzed to be related with the suspension concentration mathematically. After comparing the different items in the models describing the relationship of floc number and concentration, a series of simplified expressions are presented. Lastly, a mathematical equation relating the measurable suspension viscosity with the numbers of different flocs is obtained.

An Equivalent 3-D Method for Analyzing Orthogonally Stiffened Plate Structures

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Kyu Nam Cho ◽  
William S. Vorus
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stiffened Plate ◽  
Plate Structures ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship

A new three-dimensional method is proposed for analyzing orthogonally stiffened grillage structures. The method is based on earlier work related to bridge decks. The relationship between system displacement and loads is described mathematically, and matrices are developed to examine the shear compatibility between plate and beam elements. The paper concludes with a comparison between deflections obtained by several different procedures and the proposed model.

A Cadaveric and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of the Salpingopharyngeus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Karen Perta ◽  
Eileen Kalmar ◽  
Youkyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The aim of the study was to update our information regarding the salpingopharyngeus (SP) muscle using cadaveric and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Primary objectives were to (a) observe the presence/absence of the muscle and (b) quantify and describe its dimensions and course. Method SP specimens from 19 cadavers (10 women, nine men) were analyzed. Following head bisection, measurements of SP, including width of the cartilaginous attachment (CW) and width of the superior muscle base (SMW), were taken before and after removal of the overlying mucosa. In addition, SP was analyzed in 15 healthy subjects (eight men, seven women) using high-resolution three-dimensional MRI data. CW and SMW measures were replicated in the paraxial MRI view. Results The presence of the salpingopharyngeal fold and muscle was confirmed bilaterally in all cadaveric and living subjects. Following mucosa removal, mean cadaveric CW and SMW measurements were 5.6 and 3.8 mm, respectively. Mean in vivo CW and SMW were 6.1 and 3.7 mm, respectively. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, in both cadaveric and living groups, SMW is dependent on the relationship between age and body weight, after controlling for sex. Conclusions The salpingopharyngeal fold and SP muscle are always present bilaterally and can be quantified at the superior origin using both cadaveric and in vivo three-dimensional MRI data. Though both the superior origin and inferior course of SP are highly variable, the size of the SP muscle is dependent on characteristics known to affect muscle fibers, such as the relationship between age and body weight. Given the consistent and quantifiable presence of the SP muscle, its potential role in velopharyngeal function for speech and swallowing is reconsidered. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14347859

Vertical Disparity Can Alter Perceived Direction

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3440 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M Berends ◽  
Raymond van Ee ◽  
Casper J Erkelens
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Vertical Disparity ◽  
Vertical Scale ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Straight Ahead ◽  
Stimulus Direction

It has been well established that vertical disparity is involved in perception of the three-dimensional layout of a visual scene. The goal of this paper was to examine whether vertical disparities can alter perceived direction. We dissociated the common relationship between vertical disparity and the stimulus direction by applying a vertical magnification to the image presented to one eye. We used a staircase paradigm to measure whether perceived straight-ahead depended on the amount of vertical magnification in the stimulus. Subjects judged whether a test dot was flashed to either the left or the right side of straight-ahead. We found that perceived straight-ahead did indeed depend on the amount of vertical magnification but only after subjects adapted (for 5 min) to vertical scale (and only in five out of nine subjects). We argue that vertical disparity is a factor in the calibration of the relationship between eye-position signals and perceived direction.

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